GDF11

protein
Name = growth differentiation factor 11
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 4216
Symbol = GDF11
AltSymbols = BMP-11, BMP11
EntrezGene = 10220
OMIM = 603936
RefSeq = NM_005811
UniProt = O95390
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = 12
Arm = q
Band = 13.13
LocusSupplementaryData =

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that controls anterior-posterior patterning by regulating the expression of Hox genes.cite journal |author=Andersson O, Reissmann E, Ibáñez C |title=Growth differentiation factor 11 signals through the transforming growth factor-beta receptor ALK5 to regionalize the anterior-posterior axis |journal=EMBO Rep |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=831–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16845371 |doi=10.1038/sj.embor.7400752] It determines Hox gene expression domains and rostrocaudal identity in the caudal spinal cord. [cite journal |author=Liu J |title=The function of growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11) in rostrocaudal patterning of the developing spinal cord |journal=Development |volume=133 |issue=15 |pages=2865–74 |year=2006 |pmid=16790475 |doi=10.1242/dev.02478] During mouse development, GDF11 expression begins in the tail bud and caudal neural plate region.This cytokine also inhibits the proliferation of olfactory receptor neuron progenitors to regulate the number of olfactory receptor neurons occurring in the olfactory epithelium, [cite journal |author=Wu H, Ivkovic S, Murray R, Jaramillo S, Lyons K, Johnson J, Calof A |title=Autoregulation of neurogenesis by GDF11 |journal=Neuron |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=197–207 |year=2003 |pmid=12546816 |doi=10.1016/S0896-6273(02)01172-8] and controls the competence of progenitor cells to regulate numbers of retinal ganglionic cells developing in the retina. [cite journal |author=Kim J, Wu H, Lander A, Lyons K, Matzuk M, Calof A |title=GDF11 controls the timing of progenitor cell competence in developing retina |journal=Science |volume=308 |issue=5730 |pages=1927–30 |year=2005 |pmid=15976303 |doi=10.1126/science.1110175]

GDF11 can bind type I TGF-beta superfamily receptors ACVR1B (ALK4), TGFBR1 (ALK5) and ACVR1C (ALK7), but predominantly uses ALK4 and ALK5 for signal transduction.

References