Northern line

For other uses, see Northern Line (disambiguation).

Northern

Colour on map	Black
Year opened	1890
Line type	Deep Tube
Rolling stock	1995 Tube Stock 6 cars per trainset
Stations served	50
Length	58 km (36 mi)
Depots	Edgware, Golders Green, Morden[1], Highgate
Journeys made	206,734,000[1]
Rail lines of Transport for London  London Underground lines   Bakerloo   Central   Circle   District   Hammersmith & City   Jubilee   Metropolitan   Northern   Piccadilly   Victoria   Waterloo & City Other lines   Docklands Light Railway   Tramlink   Overground
London Transport portal

The Northern line is a London Underground line. It is coloured black on the Tube map.

For most of its length it is a deep-level tube line.^{[nb 1]} The line carries 206,734,000 passengers per year.^[1] This is the highest number of any line on the London Underground system, but the Northern line is unique in having two different routes through the centre of London. Despite its name, it does not serve the northernmost stations on the Underground network, although it does serve the southernmost station (Morden) as well as sixteen of the Underground system's 29 stations south of the River Thames. There are 50 stations on the Northern line, of which 36 are underground.

The line has a complicated history, and the current complex arrangement of two northern branches, two central branches and the southern branch reflects its genesis as three separate railway companies that were brought together and combined in the 1920s and 1930s. An extension in the 1920s used a route originally planned by a fourth company. Abandoned plans dating from the 1920s, to extend the line further southwards, and then northwards in the 1930s, would have incorporated parts of the routes of two further companies. From the 1930s to the 1970s, the tracks of a seventh company were also managed as a branch of the Northern line.^{[nb 2]}

History

Formation

See City and South London Railway and Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway for detailed histories of these companies

City & South London Railway train, 1890

The core of the Northern line evolved from two railway companies: the City & South London Railway (C&SLR) and the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR).

The C&SLR, London's first deep-level tube railway, was built under the supervision of James Henry Greathead, who had been responsible, with Peter W. Barlow, for the Tower Subway. It was the first of the Underground's lines to be constructed by boring deep below the surface and the first to be operated by electric traction. The railway opened in November 1890 from Stockwell to a now-disused station at King William Street. This was inconveniently placed and unable to cope with the company's traffic so, in 1900, a new route to Moorgate via Bank was opened. By 1907 the C&SLR had been further extended at both ends to run from Clapham Common to Euston.

Formation of the Northern line (Northern Heights extensions not shown)

The CCE&HR (commonly known as the "Hampstead Tube") was opened in 1907 and ran from Charing Cross (known for many years as Strand) via Euston and Camden Town (where there was a junction) to Golders Green and Highgate (now known as Archway). It was extended south by one stop to Embankment in 1914 to form an interchange with the Bakerloo and District lines. In 1913, the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL), owner of the CCE&HR, took over the C&SLR, although they remained separate companies.

Integration

During the early 1920s, a series of works was carried out to connect the C&SLR and CCE&HR tunnels to enable an integrated service to be operated. The first of these new tunnels, between the C&SLR's Euston station and the CCE&HR's station at Camden Town, had originally been planned in 1912,^[2] but had been delayed by World War I. The second connection linked the CCE&HR's Embankment and C&SLR's Kennington stations and provided a new intermediate station at Waterloo to connect to the main line station there and the Bakerloo line. The smaller-diameter tunnels of the C&SLR were expanded to match the standard diameter of the CCE&HR and the other deep tube lines.

Extensions

In conjunction with the works to integrate the two lines, two major extensions were undertaken: northwards to Edgware in Middlesex (now in the London Borough of Barnet) and southwards to Morden in Surrey (then in the Merton and Morden Urban District, but now in the London Borough of Merton).

Edgware Extension

The Edgware extension utilised plans dating back to 1901 for the Edgware and Hampstead Railway (E&HR)^[3] which the UERL had taken over in 1912. It extended the CCE&HR line from its terminus at Golders Green to Edgware in two stages: to Hendon Central in 1923 and to Edgware in 1924. The line crossed undeveloped open countryside and was on the surface, apart from a short tunnel north of Hendon Central. Five new stations were constructed to pavilion-style designs by Stanley Heaps, stimulating the rapid northward expansion of suburban developments in the following years.

Morden Extension

The engineering of the Morden extension of the C&SLR from Clapham Common to Morden was more demanding, running in tunnels to a point just north of Morden station, which was constructed in a cutting. The extension was initially planned to continue to Sutton^[4] over part of the route for the unbuilt Wimbledon and Sutton Railway, in which the UERL held a stake, but agreements were made with the Southern Railway to end the extension at Morden. The extension opened in 1926 with seven new stations, all designed by Charles Holden in a modern style. Originally, Stanley Heaps, head of the Underground's Architects Office was to design the stations, but after seeing these designs Frank Pick, Assistant Joint Manager of the UERL, decided Holden should take over the project.^[5] With the exception of Morden and Clapham South, where more land was available, the new stations were built on confined corner sites at main road junctions in already developed areas. Holden made good use of this limited space and designed impressive buildings. The street-level structures are of white Portland stone with tall double-height ticket halls, with the famous London Underground roundel made up in coloured glass panels in large glazed screens. The stone columns framing the glass screens are surmounted by a capital formed as a three-dimensional version of the roundel. The large expanses of glass above the entrances ensure that the ticket halls are bright and, lit from within at night, welcoming.^[6] The first and last new stations on the extension, Clapham South and Morden, include a parade of shops and were designed with structures capable of being built above (like many of the earlier central London stations). Clapham South was extended upwards soon after its construction with a block of apartments; Morden was extended upwards in the 1960s with a block of offices. All the stations on the extension, except Morden itself, are Grade II listed buildings.

Naming

The resulting line became known as the Morden–Edgware line, although a number of alternative names were also mooted in the fashion of the contraction of Baker Street & Waterloo Railway to "Bakerloo", such as "Edgmor", "Mordenware", "Medgway" and "Edgmorden".^[7] It was eventually named the Northern line in August 1937, reflecting the planned addition of the Northern Heights lines.^[8]

Great Northern & City Railway

After the UERL and the Metropolitan Railway (MR) were brought under public control in the form of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) in 1933, the MR's subsidiary, the Great Northern & City Railway, which ran from Moorgate to Finsbury Park, became part of the Underground as the Northern City Line. In preparation for the Northern Heights Plan, it was operated as part of the Northern line, although it was never connected to it.

The Northern Heights plan

See Edgware, Highgate and London Railway for a detailed history of that company

Northern Heights plans

In June 1935, the LPTB announced the New Works Programme, an ambitious plan to expand the Underground network which included the integration of a complex of existing London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) lines north of Highgate through the Northern Heights. These lines, built in the 1860s and 1870s by the Edgware, Highgate and London Railway (EH&LR) and its successors, ran from Finsbury Park to Edgware via Highgate, with branches to Alexandra Palace and High Barnet. The line taken over would be extended beyond Edgware to Brockley Hill, Elstree South and Bushey Heath with a new depot at Aldenham. The extension's route was that planned for the unbuilt Watford and Edgware Railway (W&ER), using rights obtained from the earlier purchase of the W&ER (which had long-intended an extension of the EH&LR Edgware route towards Watford). This also provided the potential for further extension in the future if required; indeed, Bushey's town planners reserved space in Bushey village for a future station and Bushey Heath station's design was revised several times to ensure this option would remain available in the future.

The project involved electrification of the surface lines (operated by steam trains at the time), the doubling of the original single-line section between Finchley Central and the proposed junction with the Edgware branch of the Northern line, and the construction of three new linking sections of track: a connection between Northern City Line and Finsbury Park station on the surface; an extension from Archway to the LNER line near East Finchley via new deep-level platforms below Highgate station; and a short diversion from just before the LNER's Edgware station to the Underground's station of the same name.

Intended service levels

The peak hour service levels would have seen 21 trains an hour each way on the Barnet branch north of Camden Town, 14 via the Charing Cross branch and seven via the Bank branch. 14 would have continued on beyond Finchley Central, seven each on the High Barnet and Edgware branches. An additional seven trains an hour would have served the Barnet branch, but continued via Highgate High-Level and Finsbury Park to Moorgate, a slightly shorter route to the City. It does not seem to have been intended to run through trains to the ex-Northern City branch from Edgware via Finchley Central. Seven trains an hour would have served the Alexandra Palace branch, to/from Moorgate via Highgate High-level. In addition to the 14 through trains described, the ex-Northern City branch would have had 14 4-car shuttle trains an hour.

Progress of works

Work began in the late 1930s, and was in progress on all fronts by the outbreak of World War II. The tunneling northwards from the original Highgate station (now Archway) had been completed and the service to the rebuilt surface station at East Finchley started on 3 July 1939, but without the opening of the intermediate (new) Highgate Station, at the site of the LNER's station of the same name. Further progress was disrupted by the start of the war, though enough had been made to complete the electrification of the High Barnet branch onwards from East Finchley over which tube services started on 14 April 1940; the new (deep-level) Highgate station finally opened on 19 January 1941. The single track LNER line to Edgware was electrified as far as Mill Hill East, including the Dollis Brook Viaduct, opening as a tube service on 18 May 1941 to serve the barracks there, thus forming the Northern line as it is today. The new depot at Aldenham had already been built and was used to build Halifax bombers. Work on the other elements of the plan was suspended late in 1939.

Preparatory work including viaducts and a tunnel had been started but not completed on the Bushey extension pre-war. After the war, however, the area beyond Edgware was made part of the Metropolitan Green Belt largely preventing the anticipated residential development in the area and the potential demand for services from Bushey Heath thus vanished. Available funds were directed towards completing the eastern extension of the Central line instead, and the Northern Heights plan was dropped on 9 February 1954. Aldenham depot was converted into an overhaul facility for buses.

Close-up of 1995 Stock cab

The implemented service from High Barnet branch gave good access both to the West End and the City. This appears to have undermined traffic on the Alexandra Palace branch still run with steam haulage to Kings Cross via Finsbury Park, as Highgate (low-level) was but a short bus ride away and car traffic was much lighter than it would become later. Consequently, the line from Finsbury Park to Muswell Hill and Alexandra Palace via the surface platforms at Highgate was closed altogether to passenger traffic in 1954. This contrasts with the decision to electrify the Epping-Ongar branch of the Central line, another remnant of the New Works programme, run as a tube train shuttle from 1957. A local pressure group, the Muswell Hill Metro Group, campaigns to reopen this route as a light rail service. So far there is no sign of movement on this issue: the route, now the Parkland Walk, is highly valued by walkers and cyclists and suggestions in the 1990s that it could, in part, become a road were met with fierce opposition. Another pressure group has proposed using the track bed further north, as part of the North and West London Light Railway. The connection between Drayton Park and the surface platforms at Finsbury Park was eventually opened in 1976, the Northern City Line becoming part of British Rail.

The rural railway heritage of the High Barnet branch beyond Highgate can be seen in the design of many of the stations.

Infrastructure

Rolling stock

A Northern line train

All Northern line trains consist of London Underground 1995 Stock and are in the distinctive Underground livery of red, white and blue. In common with the other deep-level lines, the trains are the smaller of the two sizes used on Underground. 1995 stock sports automated announcements and quick-close doors.^{[citation needed]} Should the proposed split of the line take place (estimated for 2018), then 19 new additional trains will be delivered alongside the existing fleet.^[9]

Tunnels

Although other London Underground lines operate fully underground, the Northern line is unusual in that it is a deep-level tube line that serves the outer suburbs of South London yet there is only one station above ground(Morden tube station)while the rest of this part of the line is deep below ground. The short section to Morden depot is also above ground. This is partly because its southern extension into the outer suburbs was not done by taking over an existing surface line as was generally the case with routes like the Central, Jubilee and Piccadilly lines. Apart from the core central underground tunnels, part of the section between Hendon and Colindale is also underground. As bicycles are not allowed in tunnel sections (even if no station is in that section) as they would hinder evacuation, they are limited to High Barnet – East Finchley, the Mill Hill East branch, Edgware – Colindale and Hendon – Golders Green.^[10] There are also time-based restrictions.

The tunnel from Morden to East Finchley via Bank, 17 miles 528 yards (27.841 km).^[1], was for a time the longest in the world. The Seikan Tunnel is now longer.

Map

Stations

[v · d · e]Northern line

Legend Bushey Heath aborted Bushey Heath extension Aldenham Works Elstree South Brockley Hill Edgware High Barnet Edgware Depot High Barnet sidings Edgware (LNER) unbuilt link Totteridge and Whetstone former LNER to Mill Hill East Woodside Park Burnt Oak West Finchley Colindale Mill Hill (The Hale) Hendon Central Alexandra Palace Brent Cross Mill Hill East Dollis Brook Viaduct Muswell Hill Finchley Central St. James' Viaduct Golders Green Cranley Gardens Golders Green Depot East Finchley LNER Alexandra Palace branch Highgate Depot North End Highgate North Tunnel (never completed) Highgate Hampstead Highgate SouthTunnel Archway Belsize Park Tufnell Park Kentish Town Chalk Farm South Kentish Town closed 1924 Crouch End Camden Town Stroud Green East Coast Main Line Finsbury Park __ _ Mornington Crescent Drayton Park Euston _ Northern City Line Highbury and Islington _ Essex Road ________ _______ ______ __ _ King's Cross St. Pancras Angel Warren Street City Road closed 1922 Goodge Street Old Street Tottenham Court Road Moorgate Leicester Square Lothbury (construction abandoned) Charing Cross _ Bank __ _ Embankment ___ __ _ King William Street closed 1900 River Thames Waterloo ___ __ _ London Bridge _ Borough Elephant & Castle _ Kennington reversing loop Nine Elms Oval Battersea Stockwell Depot proposed extension Stockwell Clapham North Clapham Common Clapham South Balham Tooting Bec Tooting Broadway Colliers Wood South Wimbledon Morden Morden Depot proposed extension to Sutton to Wimbledon unbuilt section Morden South Sutton Loop St Helier Sutton Common West Sutton Sutton to Mitcham

Notice explaining about step-free access. This can be found inside every Northern line train.

Map of all coordinates from Google Map of all coordinates from Bing
Export all coordinates as KML
Export all coordinates as GeoRSS
Map of all microformatted coordinates
Place data as RDF

High Barnet branch

High Barnet branch
Station	Image	Opened	Additional information
High Barnet		1 April 1872	First Northern line train was 14 April 1940map 1
Totteridge and Whetstone		1 April 1872	First Northern line train was 14 April 1940map 2
Woodside Park		1 April 1872	First Northern line train was 14 April 1940map 3
West Finchley		1 March 1933	First Northern line train was 14 April 1940map 4
Mill Hill East (shuttle trains to and from Finchley Central)		22 August 1867	Closed 11 September 1939, reopened 18 May 1941map 5
Finchley Central		22 August 1867	First Northern line train was 14 April 1940map 6
East Finchley		22 August 1867	First Northern line train was 3 July 1939map 7
Highgate		22 August 1867	First Northern line train was 19 January 1941map 8
Archway		22 June 1907	Originally named Highgatemap 9
Tufnell Park		22 June 1907	map 10
Kentish Town		1868	First underground station 22 June 1907map 11

Edgware branch

Edgware branch
Station	Image	Opened	Additional information
Edgware		18 August 1924	map 12
Burnt Oak		27 October 1924	map 13
Colindale		18 August 1924	map 14
Hendon Central		19 November 1923	map 15
Brent Cross		19 November 1923	Opened as Brent, renamed 20 July 1976map 16
Golders Green		22 June 1907	Originally a terminusmap 17
Hampstead		22 June 1907	map 18
Belsize Park		22 June 1907	map 19
Chalk Farm		22 June 1907	map 20

Camden Town

Camden Town
Station	Image	Opened	Additional information
Camden Town		22 June 1907	map 21
The junctions connecting the two northern branches of the Northern line to the two central branches are just south of Camden Town station. The station has a pair of platforms on each of the two northern branches, and southbound trains can depart toward either Charing Cross or Bank from either of the two southbound platforms.

Charing Cross branch

also known as the West End branch
Station	Image	Opened	Additional information and transfers
Mornington Crescent		22 June 1907	map 22
Euston		12 May 1907	Change for Northern line service via Bank and Victoria linemap 23
Warren Street		22 June 1907	Change for Victoria linemap 24
Goodge Street		22 June 1907	Opened as Tottenham Court Road, renamed 3 September 1908map 25
Tottenham Court Road		30 July 1900	Change for Central linemap 26 Only Central Line trains will stop at the station until November 2011, due to engineering works.
Leicester Square		15 December 1906	Change for Piccadilly line map 27
Charing Cross		10 March 1906	Northern line platforms opened 22 June 1907, change for Bakerloo linemap 28
Embankment ( Embankment Pier)		30 May 1870	Northern line extension opened 13 September 1926, change for Bakerloo, Circle and District linesmap 29
Waterloo ( Waterloo Pier, Festival Pier)		8 August 1898	Northern line began 1926, change for Bakerloo, Jubilee and Waterloo & City linesmap 30
Southbound trains on this branch often terminate at Kennington, which has a terminal loop

Bank branch

also known as the City branch
Station	Image	Opened	Additional information
Euston		12 May 1907	Change for Northern line service via Charing Cross and Victoria linemap 23
King's Cross St. Pancras ( Trains Gatwick and Luton)		1863	Northern line May 1907, change for Circle, Hammersmith & City, Metropolitan, Piccadilly and Victoria linesmap 31
Angel		1901	map 32
Old Street		November 1901	Northern line platforms February 1904map 33
Moorgate		1865	map 34
Bank		25 February 1900	Linked with Monument by escalator 18 September 1933, change for Central and Waterloo & City lines.map 35
London Bridge ( Trains to Gatwick and Luton) ( London Bridge City Pier)		25 February 1900	Original station opened 14 December 1836, change for Jubilee linemap 36
Borough		18 December 1890	map 37
Elephant and Castle		18 December 1890	Change for Bakerloo linemap 38

Morden branch

Morden branch
Station	Image	Opened	Additional information
Kennington		18 December 1890	map 39
Oval		18 December 1890	map 40
Stockwell		4 November 1890	Change for Victoria linemap 41
Clapham North		June 1900	map 42
Clapham Common		June 1900	Original terminus until 1926map 43
Clapham South		13 September 1926	map 44
Balham		6 December 1926	map 45
Tooting Bec		13 September 1926	Opened as Trinity Road, renamed 1 October 1950map 46
Tooting Broadway		13 September 1926	map 47
Colliers Wood		13 September 1926	map 48
South Wimbledon		13 September 1926	map 49
Morden		13 September 1926	Terminusmap 50

Depots

The Northern line is serviced by four depots. The main one is at Golders Green^{map 51} and is located adjacent to Golders Green tube station, while the second, at Morden,^{map 52} is south of Morden tube station and is the larger of the two. The other two are located at Edgware and Highgate. The depot at Highgate is on the former LNER branch that used to run to Alexandra Palace. There was originally a depot at Stockwell but it closed in 1915.There are stabling sidings at High Barnet for storing trains overnight.

Closed Stations

• King William Street (closed 1900)
• City Road (closed 1922)
• South Kentish Town (closed 1924)
• North End (never opened – work stopped 1906)

Resited Stations

• Stockwell – new platforms resited immediately to the south of its predecessor with the 1922–1924 upgrade of the line.
• Euston – Northbound City branch platform resited on new alignment, with previous island platform converted to a single platform
• Angel – old island platform converted into a single platform, and a new alignment opened in 1992, along with a new entrance.
• London Bridge – the northbound tunnel and platform converted into a concourse, and a new northbound tunnel and platform built in the late 1990s to increase the platform and circulation areas in preparation for the opening of the Jubilee line.

Abandoned Plans

Northern Heights stations not transferred from LNER

• Highgate – High-level only
• Stroud Green
• Crouch End
• Cranley Gardens
• Muswell Hill
• Alexandra Palace
• Mill Hill (The Hale)

Bushey Extension stations not constructed

• Brockley Hill
• Elstree South
• Bushey Heath

Gallery

GNR station at Mill Hill East opened in 1867   C&SLR station at Kennington opened in 1890   CCE&HR station Tufnell Park opened in 1907   Inside a Northern line car   A typical Northern line platform, at Bank   The Dollis Brook Viaduct, carrying the Mill Hill East spur.   A 1995 stock train pulls into Charing Cross station.

Recent developments

In 1975, the Northern City Line, known by that time as the Highbury branch, was transferred from London Underground to British Rail; it is now served by First Capital Connect.

In the 1980s and 1990s the line was nicknamed the "Misery Line",^[11][12] but its reputation has improved since the introduction of the 1995 stock.

In 2003, a train derailed at Camden Town. Although no one was hurt, points and signals were damaged, and the junctions there were not used while repairs were under way: trains coming from Edgware worked the Bank branch only, and trains from High Barnet and Mill Hill East worked the Charing Cross branch only. This situation was resolved when the junctions reopened, after much repair work and safety analysis and testing, on 7 March 2004. A joint report by the Underground and its maintenance contractor Tube Lines concluded that poor track geometry was the main cause, and that, because of this, extra friction arising out of striations (scratches) on a newly installed set of points had allowed the leading wheel of the last carriage to climb the rail and so derail. The track geometry at the derailment site is a very tight bend and tight tunnel bore, which precludes the normal solution for this sort of geometry of canting the track by raising the height of one rail relative to the other.

On 7 July 2005 a defective train on the Northern line (causing its subsequent suspension) saved a Northern line train from being blown up as part of a terrorist attack on the London Underground and bus systems. Three trains on the Circle and Piccadilly lines were blown up. The Northern line bomber instead boarded a bus, which he later blew up.

On 13 October 2005 the entire Northern line service was suspended due to maintenance problems with the emergency braking system on the trains.^[13] A series of rail replacement buses was used to connect outlying stations with other Underground lines.^[14] Full service was restored on 18 October.

In October 2006, off-peak service between Mill Hill East and Finchley Central was cut back to a shuttle, except for a few weekend through trains.

From June 2006, the service between East Finchley and Camden Town was suspended for two non-consecutive weekends every month, with service on the Edgware branch suspended for the other two weeks. This was part of Tube Lines's redevelopment of some Edgware and High Barnet Branch stations, including replacement of track, signals, as well as station maintenance.^[15] This included refurbishment of all High Barnet branch stations from West Finchley to Camden Town.

On Friday 13 August 2010, a defective maintenance train caused disruption on the Charing Cross branch, after it travelled four miles in 13 minutes without a driver. The train was being towed to the depot after becoming faulty. At Archway tube station, the defective train became detached and ran driverless until coming to a stop at an incline near Warren Street tube station. This caused morning rush-hour services to be suspended on this branch. All passenger trains were diverted via the Bank branch, with several not stopping at stations until they were safely on the Bank branch.^[16]

Future

The Northern line was scheduled to switch to automatic train operation in 2012, using the same SelTrac system due to be commissioned on the Jubilee line in 2009 and used for a number of years on the Docklands Light Railway.^[17] Work was originally planned to follow on from the Jubilee line in order to benefit from the experience of installing it there, but that project is not now expected to be complete until spring 2011. Originally work on the Northern line was intended to be completed by the contractually stipulated date, which was before the 2012 Olympics. With the work now being taken in-house and no contractual deadlines to meet, a more realistic timetable suggests that it will be complete in 2014.^[18]

TfL's Transport 2025 – Transport vision for a growing world^[19] confirms its long-term aim of splitting the Northern line into two separate routes. Running trains between all combinations of branches and the two central sections, as is currently done, means only 20–22 trains an hour can run through each of the central sections, because merging trains have to wait for each other at the junctions. Completely segregating the routes will allow 32 trains an hour on all parts of the system. However, Camden Town tube station will need to be rebuilt before this can be implemented, as the current station would not be able to cope with the increased number of passengers changing trains there. London Underground Limited (LUL) had, however, had problems gaining planning permission for the redevelopment plans.^[20] All plans for a revised scheme for Camden Town station have been delayed by budgetary cuts.

Because the full split is not possible without a rebuilt Camden Town station, and the need to increase capacity remains, the current plan is to achieve a partial split by terminating all Charing Cross branch trains at Kennington during normal service. This would eliminate the need to co-ordinate train paths southbound when they merge at Kennington and would enable the Morden-Bank branch to operate at the maximum capacity that the new signalling system will allow. This will not happen until the line has been resignalled, as it is only then that the full benefits of this plan can be realised.

In June 2008, Treasury Holdings, owners of Battersea Power Station, announced proposals for an extension of the Northern line from Kennington to a station in Battersea to serve a redeveloped power station site. The plan has been approved by the London Borough of Wandsworth,^[21] and the extension could be opened by 2015 as part of a planned redevelopment of the Battersea Power Station.^[22] In October 2009, the proposal received a boost when Mayor of London Boris Johnson announced that developers of the area would be exempt from the Crossrail levy and instead required to pay towards the proposed Northern line extension.^{[citation needed]} In May 2010 the company proposing the route revealed four options for the route. Option 1 was for a non-stop from Kennington to Battersea. Option 2 suggested a station in the middle of Nine Elms, then a station at Battersea. Option 3 proposed two new platforms at Vauxhall and then to Battersea; and option 4 was for a station near the new U.S. Embassy and then to Battersea.^[23] On 11 November 2010 Wandsworth Council approved a version of option 2 with the intermediate station at Wandsworth Road. This was ratified by the Mayor of London on 22 December 2010.^[24] See also Northern line extension to Battersea.

In the long term, a full operational split of the line into two distinct non-overlapping routes could lead to one or both being renamed and given a different colour on the Tube map. If the Battersea extension does not get built, there are opportunities to extend from Kennington to other places in south-east London, such as Camberwell, in line with the Mayor's transport policy to provide greater tube coverage in that area.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Leslie Green, architect of the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway's early stations
• London deep-level shelters, most of which are under Northern line stations
• N5 night bus
• N20 night bus

Maps

^map 1 High Barnet – 51°39′02″N 000°11′39″W / 51.65056°N 0.19417°W / 51.65056; -0.19417 (01 - High Barnet tube station) ^map 2 Totteridge and Whetstone – 51°37′50″N 000°10′45″W / 51.63056°N 0.17917°W / 51.63056; -0.17917 (02 - Totteridge and Whetstone tube station) ^map 3 Woodside Park – 51°37′05″N 000°11′08″W / 51.61806°N 0.18556°W / 51.61806; -0.18556 (03 - Woodside Park tube station) ^map 4 West Finchley – 51°36′34″N 000°11′18″W / 51.60944°N 0.18833°W / 51.60944; -0.18833 (04 - West Finchley tube station) ^map 5 Mill Hill East – 51°36′30″N 000°12′37″W / 51.60833°N 0.21028°W / 51.60833; -0.21028 (05 - Mill Hill East tube station) ^map 6 Finchley Central – 51°36′04″N 000°11′33″W / 51.60111°N 0.1925°W / 51.60111; -0.1925 (06 - Finchley Central tube station) ^map 7 East Finchley – 51°35′14″N 000°09′54″W / 51.58722°N 0.165°W / 51.58722; -0.165 (07 - East Finchley tube station) ^map 8 Highgate – 51°34′40″N 000°08′45″W / 51.57778°N 0.14583°W / 51.57778; -0.14583 (08 - Highgate tube station) ^map 9 Archway – 51°33′56″N 000°08′06″W / 51.56556°N 0.135°W / 51.56556; -0.135 (09 - Archway tube station) ^map 10 Tufnell Park – 51°33′24″N 000°08′17″W / 51.55667°N 0.13806°W / 51.55667; -0.13806 (10 - Tufnell Park tube station) ^map 11 Kentish Townq – 51°33′01″N 000°08′26″W / 51.55028°N 0.14056°W / 51.55028; -0.14056 (11 - Kentish Town stationq) ^map 12 Edgware – 51°36′50″N 000°16′30″W / 51.61389°N 0.275°W / 51.61389; -0.275 (12 - Edgware tube station) ^map 13 Burnt Oak – 51°36′10″N 000°15′50″W / 51.60278°N 0.26389°W / 51.60278; -0.26389 (13 - Burnt Oak tube station) ^map 14 Colindale – 51°35′44″N 000°15′00″W / 51.59556°N 0.25°W / 51.59556; -0.25 (14 - Colindale tube station) ^map 15 Hendon Central – 51°34′59″N 000°13′34″W / 51.58306°N 0.22611°W / 51.58306; -0.22611 (15 - Hendon Central tube station) ^map 16 Brent Cross – 51°34′36″N 000°12′49″W / 51.57667°N 0.21361°W / 51.57667; -0.21361 (16 - Brent Cross tube station) ^map 17 Golders Green – 51°34′19″N 000°11′38″W / 51.57194°N 0.19389°W / 51.57194; -0.19389 (17 - Golders Green tube station) ^map 18 Hampstead – 51°33′25″N 000°10′42″W / 51.55694°N 0.17833°W / 51.55694; -0.17833 (18 - Hampstead tube station) ^map 19 Belsize Park – 51°33′01″N 000°09′52″W / 51.55028°N 0.16444°W / 51.55028; -0.16444 (19 - Belsize Park tube station) ^map 20 Chalk Farm – 51°32′39″N 000°09′12″W / 51.54417°N 0.15333°W / 51.54417; -0.15333 (20 - Chalk Farm tube station) ^map 21 Camden Town – 51°32′22″N 000°08′34″W / 51.53944°N 0.14278°W / 51.53944; -0.14278 (21 - Camden Town tube station) ^map 22 Mornington Crescent – 51°32′04″N 000°08′19″W / 51.53444°N 0.13861°W / 51.53444; -0.13861 (22 - Mornington Crescent tube station) ^map 23 Euston – 51°31′42″N 000°07′59″W / 51.52833°N 0.13306°W / 51.52833; -0.13306 (23 - Euston tube station) ^map 24 Warren Street – 51°31′29″N 000°08′18″W / 51.52472°N 0.13833°W / 51.52472; -0.13833 (24 - Warren Street tube station) ^map 25 Goodge Street – 51°31′15″N 000°08′04″W / 51.52083°N 0.13444°W / 51.52083; -0.13444 (25 - Goodge Street tube station) ^map 26 Tottenham Court Road – 51°30′58″N 000°07′51″W / 51.51611°N 0.13083°W / 51.51611; -0.13083 (26 - Tottenham Court Road tube station)

^map 27 Leicester Square – 51°30′41″N 000°07′41″W / 51.51139°N 0.12806°W / 51.51139; -0.12806 (27 - Leicester Square tube station) ^map 28 Charing Cross – 51°30′29″N 000°07′29″W / 51.50806°N 0.12472°W / 51.50806; -0.12472 (28 - Charing Cross tube station) ^map 29 Embankment – 51°30′25″N 000°07′19″W / 51.50694°N 0.12194°W / 51.50694; -0.12194 (29 - Embankment tube station) ^map 30 Waterloo – 51°30′09″N 000°06′47″W / 51.5025°N 0.11306°W / 51.5025; -0.11306 (30 - Waterloo tube station) ^map 31 King's Cross St. Pancras – 51°31′49″N 000°07′27″W / 51.53028°N 0.12417°W / 51.53028; -0.12417 (31 - King's Cross St. Pancras tube station) ^map 32 Angel – 51°31′55″N 000°06′22″W / 51.53194°N 0.10611°W / 51.53194; -0.10611 (32 - Angel tube station) ^map 33 Old Street – 51°31′33″N 000°05′14″W / 51.52583°N 0.08722°W / 51.52583; -0.08722 (33 - Old Street station) ^map 34 Moorgate – 51°31′07″N 000°05′19″W / 51.51861°N 0.08861°W / 51.51861; -0.08861 (34 - Moorgate station) ^map 35 Bank-Monument – 51°30′47″N 000°05′17″W / 51.51306°N 0.08806°W / 51.51306; -0.08806 (35 - Bank-Monument station) ^map 36 London Bridge – 51°30′18″N 000°05′10″W / 51.505°N 0.08611°W / 51.505; -0.08611 (36 - London Bridge station) ^map 37 Borough – 51°30′04″N 000°05′35″W / 51.50111°N 0.09306°W / 51.50111; -0.09306 (37 - Borough tube station) ^map 38 Elephant & Castle – 51°29′40″N 000°05′59″W / 51.49444°N 0.09972°W / 51.49444; -0.09972 (38 - Elephant & Castle tube station) ^map 39 Kennington – 51°29′19″N 000°06′20″W / 51.48861°N 0.10556°W / 51.48861; -0.10556 (39 - Kennington tube station) ^map 40 Oval – 51°28′55″N 000°06′45″W / 51.48194°N 0.1125°W / 51.48194; -0.1125 (40 - Oval tube station) ^map 41 Stockwell – 51°28′21″N 000°07′20″W / 51.4725°N 0.12222°W / 51.4725; -0.12222 (41 - Stockwell tube station) ^map 42 Clapham North – 51°27′54″N 000°07′48″W / 51.465°N 0.13°W / 51.465; -0.13 (42 - Clapham North tube station) ^map 43 Clapham Common – 51°27′42″N 000°08′19″W / 51.46167°N 0.13861°W / 51.46167; -0.13861 (43 - Clapham Common tube station) ^map 44 Clapham South – 51°27′10″N 000°08′51″W / 51.45278°N 0.1475°W / 51.45278; -0.1475 (44 - Clapham South tube station) ^map 45 Balham – 51°26′33″N 000°09′07″W / 51.4425°N 0.15194°W / 51.4425; -0.15194 (45 - Balham station) ^map 46 Tooting Bec – 51°26′09″N 000°09′35″W / 51.43583°N 0.15972°W / 51.43583; -0.15972 (46 - Tooting Bec tube station) ^map 47 Tooting Broadway – 51°25′40″N 000°10′06″W / 51.42778°N 0.16833°W / 51.42778; -0.16833 (47 - Tooting Broadway tube station) ^map 48 Colliers Wood – 51°25′06″N 000°10′42″W / 51.41833°N 0.17833°W / 51.41833; -0.17833 (48 - Colliers Wood tube station) ^map 49 South Wimbledon – 51°24′56″N 000°11′31″W / 51.41556°N 0.19194°W / 51.41556; -0.19194 (49 - South Wimbledon tube station) ^map 50 Morden – 51°24′08″N 000°11′42″W / 51.40222°N 0.195°W / 51.40222; -0.195 (50 - Morden tube station) ^map 51 Golders Green depot – 51°34′22″N 000°11′35″W / 51.57278°N 0.19306°W / 51.57278; -0.19306 (51 - Golders Green depot) ^map 52 Morden depot – 51°23′51″N 000°11′49″W / 51.3975°N 0.19694°W / 51.3975; -0.19694 (52 - Morden depot)

References

Notes

1. ^ A "tube" railway is an underground railway constructed in a cylindrical tunnel by the use of a tunnelling shield, usually deep below ground level.
2. ^ The seven companies were 1. the City & South London Railway, 2. the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway, 3. the Edgware, Highgate & London Railway, 4. the Edgware & Hampstead Railway, 5. the Watford & Edgware Railway, 6. The Wimbledon & Sutton Railway and 7. the Great Northern & City Railway.

Citations

1. ^ ^{a b c d} "Northern line facts". Transport for London. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/modesoftransport/londonunderground/keyfacts/13174.aspx. Retrieved 28 July 2010. 
2. ^ London Gazette: no. 28665. p. 8798. 22 November 1912. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
3. ^ London Gazette: no. 27380. p. 8200. 26 November 1901. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
4. ^ London Gazette: 0/pages/8314 no. 3277 0. pp. 8314–8315. 24 November 1922. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
5. ^ "Underground Journeys: Moving Underground". www.architecture.com. Royal Institute of British Architects. http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/VARIBAArchitecturePartnershipexhibitions/UndergroundJourneys/MovingUnderground/MovingUnderground.aspx. Retrieved 20 February 2011. 
6. ^ "Underground Journeys: South Wimbledon". www.architecture.com. Royal Institute of British Architects. http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/VARIBAArchitecturePartnershipexhibitions/UndergroundJourneys/MovingUnderground/SouthWimbledon.aspx. Retrieved 20 February 2011. 
7. ^ Wolmar 2004, "Reaching Out", p. 225.
8. ^ "London Tubes' New Names – Northern And Central Lines". The Times (47772): 12. 25 August 1937. http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/708/539/29061067w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS203370777&dyn=52!xrn_7_0_CS203370777&hst_1?sw_aep=kccl. Retrieved 18 May 2009. (subscription required)
9. ^ Abbot 2010, pp. 57–58.
10. ^ "Bicycle Tube Map". Transport for London. January 2008. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/assets/downloads/bicycle-tube-map-0108.pdf. Retrieved 30 June 2008. ^{[dead link]}
11. ^ "Call for action on Northern Line". BBC News. 12 October 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4334700.stm. Retrieved 10 June 2008. 
12. ^ Stebbings, Peter (11 September 2006). "Five more years of Northern line pain". This Is Local London. http://www.thisislocallondon.co.uk/news/topstories/914725.0/. Retrieved 26 August 2008. 
13. ^ "Travel Delays as Tube Line Shut". BBC News (London). 13 October 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4335994.stm. Retrieved 30 June 2008. 
14. ^ "No Service on the Northern Line" (Press release). Transport for London. 13 October 2005. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/3875.aspxe. Retrieved 30 June 2008. 
15. ^ "Map of Upgrades". Tube Lines. Archived from the original on 6 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080406153511/http://www.tubelines.com/explorer/tubelines_map.pdf. Retrieved 30 June 2008. 
16. ^ "Runaway train on London Tube's Northern Line". BBC News. 13 August 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-10964766. Retrieved 18 August 2010. 
17. ^ "Network Tests for New Signalling Systems" (Press release). Tube Lines. 24 August 2005. http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20080105201220/http://www.tubelines.com/news/releases/200602/20050824.aspx. Retrieved 21 July 2008. 
18. ^ "Jubilee line Tube upgrade will be ready next spring". BBC News. 4 November 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-11695450. Retrieved 6 April 2001. 
19. ^ "Transport 2025 – Transport Vision for a Growing World". Transport for London. 11 November 2006. http://wts.uat.redantdev.com/_assets/documents/T2025%20presentation%20to%20WTS%2026%20Feb%2007.pdf. Retrieved 21 July 2008. 
20. ^ "Camden Town Redevelopment". Alwaystouchout.com. 25 January 2006. http://www.alwaystouchout.com/project/62. Retrieved 30 June 2008. 
21. ^ "Battersea Power Station scheme approved" (Press release). London Borough of Wandsworth. 11 November 2010. http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10136/battersea_power_station_scheme_approved. Retrieved 12 November 2010. 
22. ^ Rowson, Jessica (26 June 2008). "Battersea Power Station's £4bn plan to hinge on Tube extension". New Civil Engineer (London). http://www.nce.co.uk/news/2008/06/battersea_power_stations_4bn_plan_to_hinge_on_tube_extension.html. Retrieved 6 July 2008. 
23. ^ "Proposal for a Northern Line Extension to Nine Elms & Battersea". Battersea Power Station. 2008. http://www.battersea-powerstation.com/pdfs/nle-extension-newsletter-may-2010.pdf. Retrieved 11 July 2010. 
24. ^ "Mayor approves £5.5bn Battersea Power Station revamp". BBC News. 22 December 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-12063517. Retrieved 6 April 2011. 

Bibliography

• Abbott, James (February 2010). "Northern Line split planned". Modern Railways (Hersham: Ian Allan) 67 (737). ISSN 0026-8356. 
• Blake, Jim; James, Jonathan (1993). Northern Wastes: Scandal of the Uncompleted Northern Line. London: North London Transport Society. ISBN 0946383049. 
• Demuth, Tim (2004). The Spread of London's Underground (2 ed.). London: Capital Transport Publishing. ISBN 1854142771. 
• Horne, Mike (1987). Northern Line: A Short History. London: Douglas Rose. ISBN 1870354001. 
• Horne, Mike; Bayman, Bob (2009). The Northern Line: An Illustrated History (3 ed.). London: Capital Transport Publishing. ISBN 1854143263. 
• Lee, Charles Edward (1973). Northern Line. London: London Transport. ISBN 085329044X. 
• Lee, Charles Edward (1967). Sixty Years of the Northern. London: London Transport. OCLC 505166556. 
• Lee, Charles Edward (1957). Fifty Years of the Hampstead Tube. London: London Transport. OCLC 23376254. 
• Murphy, Simon (2005). Northern Line Extensions: Golders Green to Edgware, 1922–24. London: The History Press. ISBN 0752434985. 
• Wolmar, Christian (2004). The Subterranean Railway: How the London Underground Was Built and How It Changed the City Forever. London: Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-023-1. 

External links

• "Northern Line". Clive's Underground Line Guides. 7 February 2008. http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/northern.html. Retrieved 11 July 2008. 
• Muswell Hill Metro Group
• Northern line Route for the freeware train simulator BVE Trainsim
• "Northern Heights". Underground History. 23 February 2005. http://underground-history.co.uk/northernh.php/. Retrieved 11 July 2008. 
• Above-ground route of line from Morden to Edgware, constructed from Google StreetView
• Architectural history of London Underground during 1920-30s from the Royal Institute of British Architects
  • Old Street, Angel and Stockwell stations
  • South Clapham, Tooting Bec and South Wimbeldon

West:	Crossings of the River Thames	East:
Hungerford Bridges	Charing Cross branch, between Embankment and Waterloo	Waterloo Bridge
London Bridge	City branch, between Bank and London Bridge	Tower Subway