Yerpa

Yerpa
Monastery ruins, 1993
Tibetan name
Tibetan	གཡེར་པ
Wylie transliteration	g•yer pa
pronunciation in IPA	[[jeːpa]]
official transcription (PRC)	Yêrba
THDL	Yerpa
other transcriptions	Yerpa
Chinese name
traditional	葉巴
simplified	叶巴
Pinyin	Yèbā
Yerpa Location within Tibet
Coordinates:	29°44.87′N 91°16.83′E / 29.74783°N 91.2805°E / 29.74783; 91.2805Coordinates: 29°44.87′N 91°16.83′E / 29.74783°N 91.2805°E / 29.74783; 91.2805
Monastery information
Location	Yerpa Valley, Lhasa Prefecture, Tibet, China
Founded by	Songtsen Gampo and Trisong Detsen
Founded	7th-8th century
Type	Tibetan Buddhist

Yerpa, also known as: Brag Yer-pa, Drak Yerpa, Druk Yerpa, Dagyeba, Dayerpa, and Trayerpa, is only a short drive to the east of Lhasa, and consists of a monastery and a number of ancient meditation caves that used to house about 300 monks.^[1]

Description

The entrance to the Yerpa Valley is about 16 km northeast of Lhasa on the northern bank of the Kyichu. From there, it is another 10 km to the famous ancient meditation caves in the spectacular limestone cliffs of the Yerpa Valley. Tibetan: བྲག་ཡེར་པ་, Wylie: Brag Yer-pa

History

There are a number of small temples shrines and hermitages and the cliffs contain some of the earliest known meditation sites in Tibet, some dating back to pre-Buddhist times. Among the more famous are those traditionally connected with Songtsen Gampo (604–650 CE), (traditionally the 33rd king of the Yarlung Dynasty and first emperor of a united Tibet). His Tibetan queen, Monza Triucham, founded the Dra Yerpa temple here.^[2]

Yerpa

He and his two foreign-born queens are said to have meditated in the 'Peu Marsergyi Temple' and in the 'Chogyel Puk', and to have discovered 'self-originated' symbols of the Buddha-body, speech and mind. Padmasambhava, or Guru Rinpoche (late 8th to early 9th century), meditated and practiced tantric yoga with his yogini Yeshe Tsogyal here, and to have spent 7 months in meditation in the 'Dawa Puk', which is considered to be one of his three most important places of attainment.^[3]

After this, Yerpa became one of the three most important centres of meditation and retreat in Central Tibet. Several of Guru Rinpoche's disciples are also said to have meditated here. Atisha (982 - 1054 CE) preached extensively in the valley.^[4] Atisha's hermitage is in ruins but had 300 monks in the 19th century and was the summer quarters for the Ramoche Monastery (the Upper Tantric College).^[3]

Later histories record that both Songtsen Gampo and Trisong Detsen (756-797) founded temples at Yerpa, and Klu-mes Tshul-khrims did some refurbishing in the 11th century.^[5][6]

Tradition says that after Songtsen Gampo's only son, Gungri Gungsten, was born to Mangza Tricham, Princess of Mang, one of his wives: "A shrine and a stupa dedicated to the tutelary deity of mother and son were built upon the lap of a rocky mountain that resembled a seated image of the Holy Tara in the region of Yerpa."^[7]

The famous legendary hero Gesar of Ling is said to have visited the valley. The holes his arrows left in the cliffs are believed to be evidence of his presence.

The ancient Kadampa gompa (Yerpa Drubde) passed to the Gelukpa control after Tsongkapa's reformation. There were some 300 monks living here from at least the beginning of the 19th century until 1959. It also acted as summer residence for the Gyuto Lhasa Tantric College.^[8] The gompa was destroyed and the caves ransacked during the cultural revolution but there has been some rebuilding; new statues have been made and images repainted in the caves.

After Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje assassinated the anti-Buddhist Bon Emperor Langdarma in 842 CE, he is said to have hidden himself in a cave and meditated for 22 years, and his hat was kept there until 1959.^[1][9][10]

There is an ancient sky burial site opposite the main caves.

• 

  Monastery ruins, Yerpa, 1993

• 

  Entrance to Dawa Puk, Guru Rinpoche's cave

• 

  Self-originated sacred symbol

• 

  A statue of Emperor Songtsän Gampo in his meditation cave at Yerpa

• 

  Statue of Guru Rinpoche in his meditation cave at Yerpa

• 

  Yerpa Valley

• 

  Gesar's arrow holes. (Click to view the holes in the mountains).

• 

  Sky burial site, Yerpa.

Footnotes

1. ^ ^{a b} Osada et al (2000), p. 99.
2. ^ Dorje (1999), pp. 68-69.
3. ^ ^{a b} Dorje (1999), p. 141.
4. ^ Dowman (1988), pp. 73, 79.
5. ^ Richardson (1985), p. 144.
6. ^ Ancient Tibet (1986), pp. 314-315.
7. ^ Gyaltsen (1996), pp. 188-189.
8. ^ Dowman (1988) p. 79.
9. ^ Dowman (1988), p. 75.
10. ^ Gyaltsen (1996), p. 266.

References

• Ancient Tibet: Research Materials from The Yeshe De Project (1986). Dharma Publishing. ISBN 0-89800-146-3.
• De Rossi Filibeck, Elena: "Names of known and less known places in Yer pa". In: Louis Ligeti (editor): Tibetan and Buddhist Studies Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Csoma de Körös. Vol. 2, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1984, ISBN 963 05 3903 9, p. 237-247.
• Dorje, Gyurme. 1999. Footprint Tibet Handbook. 2nd Edition. Bath, England. ISBN 1 900949 33 4. Also published by NTC Publishing Group, Lincolnwood, Illinois, U.S.A. in 1999. ISBN 978-0844221908; ISBN 0 8442-2190-2.
• Dowman, Keith. The Power-places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide, pp. 73–79. 1988. Routledge & Kegan Paul. London. ISBN 0-7102-1370-0
• Gyaltsen, Sakyapa Sonam. The Clear Mirror: A Traditional Account of Tibet's Golden Age. Translated by McComas Taylor and Lama Choedak Yuthok. 1996. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, N.Y. ISBN 1-55939-048-4.
• Osada et al. (2000). Mapping the Tibetan World. Yukiyasu Osada, Gavin Allwright, and Atsushi Kanamaru. Reprint: 2004. Kotan Publishing, Tokyo. ISBN 0-9701716-0-9.
• Richardson, H. E. 1985. A Corpus of Early Tibetan Inscriptions. Royal Asiatic Society. ISBN 0-94759300-4.