Daisaku Ikeda

Daisaku Ikeda
Daisaku Ikeda
Ikeda, as president of Sōka Gakkai, 1961
Honorary President of Sōka Gakkai
Incumbent
Assumed office
24 April 1979
President of Sōka Gakkai
In office
3 May 1960 - 23 April 1979
Preceded by Josei Toda
Succeeded by Hiroshi Hōjō 北条浩
Personal details
Born 2 January 1928 (1928-01-02) (age 83)

Daisaku Ikeda (池田 大作 Ikeda Daisaku?, born January 2, 1928, Japan) is president of Sōka Gakkai International (SGI), a Nichiren Buddhist lay association which claims 12 million members in 192 countries and territories, and founder of several educational, cultural and peace research institutions.

Contents

Life and establishment of SGI

Daisaku Ikeda was born the fifth son of seaweed farmers in Ōta, Tokyo. He had four older brothers, who fought in World War II, two younger brothers, and a sister. During the war, his eldest brother, Kiichi Ikeda (1916-1945), was killed and his familyʼs home destroyed. As a child, he suffered from poor health and later tuberculosis; at the time, doctors had predicted that he wouldn't survive beyond the age of 30.

In August 1947, he met Josei Toda at a Sōka Gakkai discussion meeting and, later that month, joined the organization. In 1948, Ikeda made the decision to sacrifice his schooling in order to dedicate his full, unreserved efforts to helping Toda resolve the financial situation then confounding him, and go on to fulfill greater dreams for world peace. Initially, this involved working for Toda's publishing business. In return, Toda pledged to give Ikeda a thorough, university-level education in literature, history, chemistry, physics, economics, law, mathematics, and organization theory. Ikeda regarded Toda as his spiritual mentor. In his writings, Ikeda states that Toda exerted the greatest influence on him through “the profound compassion that characterized each of his interactions”.[1] Ikeda became President of Sōka Gakkai in 1960, after which he began traveling abroad to realize Todaʼs vision of expanding the Soka Gakkai movement.

After World War II, as Nichiren Buddhism began to spread throughout the world, Sōka Gakkai responded by developing an international outreach program, the SGI (Sōka Gakkai International).

In its early days, the Soka Gakkai was despised and laughed at in Japanese society as a gathering of the sick and poor. Josei Toda, my life mentor, took this as a point of pride, however, and declared with confidence: “The true mission of religion is to bring relief to the sick and the poor. That is the purpose of Buddhism. The Soka Gakkai is the ally and friend of the common people, a friend to the unhappy. However much we may be looked down on, we will continue to fight for the sake of such people.”

— Daisaku Ikeda, "Faith in Revolution" : An Interview[2], Tricycle Magazine

Ikeda took a lead role in this development and became President of SGI upon its founding in 1975.[3]

Nichiren states that the eight Chinese characters that translate as “you should rise and greet him from afar, showing him the same respect you would a Buddha” express his first and highest transmission— the human qualities Shakyamuni hoped most to see in those who practiced the Lotus Sutra in the future after his passing. In other words, the most fundamental thing is our action and behavior as human beings, our ability to care for and treasure a single individual. There is a chapter of the Lotus Sutra dedicated to Bodhisattva Never Disparaging, who reverentially saluted each person he encountered with the words: “I have profound reverence for you, I would never dare treat you with disparaging and arrogance. Why? Because you are all practicing the bodhisattva way and are certain to attain Buddhahood.” This provides us with a concrete model for our interactions with others as modern Buddhists living in an age of international interconnection and global issues and concerns. According to the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism, the period of time we are living in is called the Latter Day of the Law, an era of conflict and strife when all things tend toward conflict. The only way of resisting and countering the violent tides of such an age is with strong faith in the Buddha-nature of oneself and of others. And the way that this is put into practice is through the respect we can offer others.

— Daisaku Ikeda, "Faith in Revolution" : An Interview[2], Tricycle Magazine

In 1979, Ikeda was forced to resign as president of Sōka Gakkai, accepting responsibility for its purported deviation from Nichiren Shoshu doctrines, and the accompanying conflict with the priesthood,[4] and was succeeded by Hiroshi Hōjō. He was excommunicated by Nichiren Shōshū on August 11, 1992.[5][6] Even so, Ikeda remained president of SGI, and the position of Sōka Gakkai Honorary President, which he still retains, was created for him[7] by Nittatsu Shonin, then the Nichiren Shoshu High Priest. SGI members often describe their group as Buddhism's first Protestant movement, since its excommunication by Nichiren Shoshu in 1991.[8]

As of May 2011, Ikeda had received 310 honorary doctorates.[9] He also delivered lectures to the leading universities around the world, i.e. University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Moscow State University, Peking University, University of Buenos Aires, University of Macau, University of the Philippines, Harvard University, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, University of Bologna, Ateneo de Santander, Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies, and etc.[10] [11] [12] [13] [14]

In his role as president of SGI, Ikeda acts to support the membership in a number of ways, including support and encouragement through his writings and lectures, and striving to promote a dialogue with many of today's world leaders on the relevance of Nichiren Buddhist principles to today's global challenges. As such, the SGI membership views him as a role model for how to apply this practice in their own lives. Ikeda is referred to by some members as their "mentor in life" (jinsei no shishō, 人生の師匠),[15] and is frequently referred to in the third person as Sensei (先生, "teacher").

According to Nichiren Buddhists' interpretation of the Lotus Sutra, one may awaken one's Buddha Nature through a practice of chanting the phrase Nam myoho renge kyo. This practice is thought to develop one's sense of compassion, wisdom, and clarity of mind; and to heighten a sense of the interconnectedness of all life — the "oneness of life and environment" (esho funi). One is encouraged to consider the karmic effects of one's thoughts, actions, and deeds.

Nichiren used the following analogy to explain the daimoku, or “Great Title,” and how it works: “When a caged bird sings, birds who are flying in the sky are thereby summoned and gather around, and when the birds flying in the sky gather around, the bird in the cage strives to get out. When with our mouths we chant the Mystic Law, our Buddha-nature, being summoned, will invariably emerge.” To chant Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is to call out the name of the Buddha-nature within us and in all living beings. It is an act of faith in this universal Buddhanature, an act of breaking through the fundamental darkness of life—our inability to acknowledge our true enlightened nature. It is this fundamental darkness, or ignorance, that causes us to experience the cycles of birth and death as suffering. When we call forth and base ourselves on the magnificent enlightened life that exists within each of us without exception, however, even the most fundamental, inescapable sufferings of life and death need not be experienced as pain. Rather, they can be transformed into a life embodying the virtues of eternity, joy, true self, and purity.

— Daisaku Ikeda, "Faith in Revolution" : An Interview[2], Tricycle Magazine

As Arnold J. Toynbee shared his agreement of the core in Buddhist philosophy that Ikeda has spread for the sake of humanistic value and peaceful world,

In spite of the difference between the authors' religious and cultural backgrounds, a remarkable degree of agreement in their outlooks and aims has been brought to light in their dialogue. Their agreement is far-reaching; their points of disagreement are relative slight. They agree in believing that religion is the mainspring of human life. They agree that a human being ought to be perpetually striving to overcome his innate propensity to try to exploit the rest of the universe and that he ought to be trying, instead, to put himself at the service of the universe so unreservedly that his ego will become identical with an ultimate reality, which for a Buddhist is the Buddha state. They agree in believing that this ultimate reality is not a human-like divine personality. They also agree in believing in the reality of karma, a Sanskrit word that literally means "action" but that, in the vocabulary of Buddhism, has acquired the special meaning of an ethical "bank-account" in which the balance is constantly being changed by fresh credit or fresh debit entries during a human being's psychosomatic life on earth. The balance of a human being's karma, at any particular moment, is determined by the plus or minus sum of the previous credit or debit entries; but the karma-bearer can, and will, change the balance, for better or for worse, by his further acts. In fact, he makes his karma for himself and is thus, at least partially, a free agent. As the authors see it, a human being's perennial spiritual task is to overcome his egoism by expanding his ego until it becomes coextensive with the ultimate reality, from which it is, in truth, is inseparable.

— Arnold Toynbee and Daisaku Ikeda, Preface in CHOOSE LIFE : A DIALOGUE[16], EDITOR'S NOTE : This preface was written by Mr. Toynbee in the third person on behalf of both authors.

Through the study of their teachings, the practice of chanting, and the practice of active involvement in the world at large, Sōka Gakkai members think they are able to develop the innate Buddha Nature, leading to a happier, more fulfilling life for themselves and others. Ikeda has had dialogues with many people including Arnold J. Toynbee, Linus Pauling, Wangari Maathai, Marianne Pearl, M.S.Swaminathan, Roberto Baggio, Coretta Scott King, Joseph Rotblat, John Kenneth Galbraith, David Norton, Betty Williams (nobel laureate), Ba Jin, and Rosa Parks. Many of his dialogues have been published in various languages.[17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]

He lives in Tokyo with his wife, Kaneko Ikeda (1932-), whom he married on May 3, 1952. He had three sons, Hiromasa Ikeda (1953-), Shirohisa Ikeda (1955–1984), and Takahiro Ikeda (1958-).

Even though some may criticize Ikeda's effort on making dialogue with people around the world, CHOOSE LIFE : A DIALOGUE has been published for more than twenty languages.[26]

It is also possible that, in their exchange of ideas about philosophical and religious life, the authors have delved into subconscious psychic strata of human nature to a depth at which they have reached elements of human nature that are the same in all human beings, always and everywhere, in virtue of being the offspring of the ultimate common ground of existence that is at the root of all phenomena.

— Arnold Toynbee and Daisaku Ikeda, Preface in CHOOSE LIFE : A DIALOGUE[16], EDITOR'S NOTE : This preface was written by Mr. Toynbee in the third person on behalf of both authors.

In his public appearance, he has always revealed his deep respect to every people, SGI members or otherwise, children or female, as he upholds the Buddhist philosophy that respects everyone equally. Also, he usually has mentioned on the gender equality based on the Buddhist concept with the example of the dragon king's daughter.[27][28][29][30]

To believe in both oneself and others, and to treat others as one would a Buddha—this is the practice that awakens and calls forth the Buddha-nature that resides within us all. It is here that the practice of straightforward propagation advocated by Nichiren has its true significance. It is precisely because we are able to muster faith in the Buddha-nature of the other person that we can bring forth compassion from within ourselves and, desiring happiness for all, continue an earnest and respect-filled process of dialogue. This is the real spirit of propagation— of spreading Buddhism from one person to another. It first and foremost involves building trust and friendship through respectful, ongoing dialogue. All people are equally endowed with the inherent capacity to respect others, and this capacity is a source of inexhaustible hope because it embodies a universal truth that transcends the specifics of religious creeds. The respect offered by Buddhists to other people is offered in virtue of their humanity, without regard to their religious belief or creed. Nichiren described this with a poetic metaphor, saying that when we bow to a mirror, the figure in the mirror bows back reverentially at us. This is the true spirit of Buddhism, and yes, it is reason for great hope.

— Daisaku Ikeda, "Faith in Revolution" : An Interview[2], Tricycle Magazine

The British journalist and political commentator Polly Toynbee was invited to meet Ikeda in 1984, as Ikeda "was hoping to tighten the public connection between himself and Polly Toynbee's famous grandfather, Arnold Toynbee, the prophet of the rise of the East."[31] Toynbee described him as "a short, round man with slicked down hair, wearing a sharp Western suit"; they talked from "throne-like" chairs in "an enormous room" reached via "corridors of bowing girls dressed in white".[32] Toynbee wrote "I have met many powerful men — prime ministers, leaders of all kinds — but I have never in my life met anyone who exudes such an aura of absolute power as Mr. Ikeda."[33]

[On arranging the meetings, translations, and publications] Arnold Toynbee is very grateful to Daisaku Ikeda for having it upon his younger shoulders.

— Arnold Toynbee and Daisaku Ikeda, Preface in CHOOSE LIFE : A DIALOGUE[16], EDITOR'S NOTE : This preface was written by Mr. Toynbee in the third person on behalf of both authors.


A 1995 San Francisco Chronicle article titled "Japan Fears Another Religious Sect" outlined charges in Japan that Sōka Gakkai was "heavy-handed fund raising and proselytizing, as well as intimidating its foes and trying to grab political power".[34] It quotes a professor at Meisei University as describing Ikeda as "a power-hungry individual who intends to take control of the government and make Soka Gakkai the national religion"; the article describes evidence videotaped in 1993 of "Ikeda yelling and pounding on tables in anger and later railing against President Clinton for having refused to meet with him".[34]

A 1995 Time magazine article criticized Daisaku Ikeda and Sōka Gakkai, claiming that Ikeda, as "honorary president and unquestioned commander" of Sōka Gakkai, had said of Kōmeitō: "This time, not the next time, [the election] is going to be about winning or losing. We cannot hesitate. We must conquer the country with one stroke."[35] However, the case of Akiyo Asaki mentioned in the first paragraph of this same article was later revealed that it is not true. [36] In the same year, exonerations[vague] by the Japanese Supreme Court received very little media attention.[37] In 1999, The New York Times published an article on the uneasy rise of the New Kōmeitō Party in Japan (funded largely by Ikeda and Sōka Gakkai).[8] In response, a letter to the editor by Alfred Balitzer (later of Soka University of America) offered a more sympathetic portrayal of Sōka Gakkai.[38]

The Soka Gakkai first entered politics in the 1950s; their goals then and now being to challenge government corruption by bringing more ethical individuals into the political arena, to represent the voice of ordinary people, and to protect the freedom of religion. Consequently, Japanese religious associations can become political powers. In Japan’s democratic system, when a large enough number of people share the belief of a particular religious association and vote as a block in elections, they can—and do—add their religious hue to the colors of political power. ..... Over time, and through their political partnerships, the Soka Gakkai has gained some power. Now, through the Soka Gakkai-backed New Komeito, the party influences Japan’s political process through introducing Buddhist values and goals.

— Keiko Yamagishi, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW, 2008[39], Freedom of Religion, Religious Political Participation, and Separation of Religion and State: Legal Considerations from Japan

Accomplishments

Ikeda is a prolific writer, peace activist, educator, and interpreter of Nichiren Buddhism. His interests include art, philosophy, photography, and music. He has signed the Earth Charter. He has traveled to more than 50 countries to hold discussions with political, cultural, and educational figures,[18] as well as to teach, support, and encourage SGI practitioners.

Daisaku Ikeda and Kaneko Ikeda have dedicated their lives to the advancement of mankind and the promotion of peace through the improvement of individual lives. They are powerful advocates of social change and goodwill ambassadors for all of humanity. The international community has recognized and honored their continuing efforts to advance social justice based on universal values of equality and dignity. They are truly world class citizens whose efforts on behalf of many people, especially those struggling for human rights, should be recognized.

— Hon. Madeleine Z. Bordallo of Guam: Tuesday, May 1, 2007, Congressional Record: Volume 153-Part 8[40], Recognizing Daisaku and Kaneko Ikeda for Their International Achievements in The House of Representatives

Topics he has addressed include the transformative value of religion, the universality of life, social responsibility, and sustainable progress and development.

World peace is not something that can be realized simply by politicians signing treaties, or by business leaders creating economic cooperation. True and lasting peace will be realized only by forging bonds of trust between people at the deepest level, in the depths of their very lives.

— Daisaku Ikeda, Advancing Peace: Overview[41], Peacebuilder

As a mentor of SGI, Ikeda has founded several institutions, such as the Sōka University, Sōka schools, International Committee of Artists for Peace (www.ICAPeace.org), the Min-On Concert Association, the Tokyo Fuji Art Museum, the Institute of Oriental Science, and the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research.

It remains my heartfelt hope that this exhibit may provide a moment of introspection for its viewers, a moment for us to reaffirm the importance of our rights as human beings and the value of life itself.

— Daisaku Ikeda, An Exhibition of Art and Hope[42], SGI Quarterly

In addition, he has guided Sōka Gakkai's support of, and involvement in the New Komeito Party (Kōmeitō),a Japanese political party which, as of 2007, is part of a coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party. Ikeda has also initiated a wide range of grassroots exchange programs,[43][44][45] and delivered speeches at a number of institutions of higher learning around the world, including Harvard University, the Institut de France, Beijing University, and Moscow State University. Gandhi, King, Ikeda exhibition showcases the peace activism of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, and Ikeda. Another exhibition is Dialogue with Nature showcasing Ikeda's photographs. [46] [47] He has also sponsored the documentary film about the environment, A Quiet Revolution.

In 1996, he also signed an agreement with the Hebrew University, and he was scheduled to give lectures at Columbia University and Denver University. [48] He have had more than forty dialogues with and the representatives of different religious traditions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism), as well as of the civilizations of East and West, and prominent thinkers of our time. [49]

Ikeda states that he shares his honors with SGI members, saying that they are proof of the outstanding lives that ordinary people around the world are living, based on the practice of Nichiren Buddhism. He also acknowledges that these honorary degrees honour the greatness of his mentor Josei Toda, as well as Toda's mentor Tsunesaburo Makiguchi. [50]

For his humanitarian endeavors in a range of fields, he is the recipient of numerous awards, including the United Nations Peace Award,[51] the Rosa Parks Humanitarian Award,[52] National Order of the Southern Cross of the Republic of Brazil, the United States Congressional Award, the Honorary Cross of Science and the Arts from the Austrian Ministry of Education, Medal of the Grand Officer of Arts and Letters from the French Ministry of Culture, the Grand Officer award from the President of the Italian Republic and the World Poet Laureateship from the World Poetry Society,[53] and The Order of Friendship from Russia.[54] Every year, on 26 January, since 1983, Ikeda presents a peace proposal to the United Nations.

Ikeda is author of numerous books, and has held dialogues on peace, education, and culture with scholars and world leaders. Most notable are his dialogues, such as Choose Life: A Dialogue (English edition, Oxford University Press, 1976), in which Ikeda and historian Arnold J. Toynbee discuss "humanity's predicament in all its aspects." More recently, in Planetary Citizenship: Your Values, Beliefs, and Actions Can Shape a Sustainable World (Middleway Press, 2003), futurist Hazel Henderson and Ikeda "explore the rise of 'grassroots globalists,' ordinary citizens all over the world who are taking responsibility to build a more peaceful, harmonious and sustainable future."

He is also the recipient of many honorary doctorates, including the United Nations Peace Award (1983); Kenya Oral Literature Award (1986, Kenya); 1986 Chinese Peace and Friendship Trophy, the International Tolerance Award of the Simon Wiesenthal Center (1993, U.S.A.); Rosa Parks Humanitarian Award (1993, U.S.A.); Tagore Peace Award (1997, India); the Albert Einstein Peace Award, and the Global Excellence Award, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (2002, U.S.A.). In 2009 the cultural historian and scholar of Goethe Manfred Osten, together with his wife Uten Osten, presented him with a Goethe Medal on behalf of the Weimar Goethe Institute.[citation needed] He is also an honorary member of the Club of Rome.[55]

Ikeda's many children's books have been animated into cartoons.[56] [57]

Honorary doctorates and professorships

He received his 300th degree from the University of Massachusetts Boston on November 21, 2010.[58] He has said that "The academic honors I have accepted have all been on behalf of the members of SGI around the world."[59] His pursuit to promote peace through humanism over the past 60 years has been recognised worldwide, for which he has received over 300 academic honours.[59]

Number Country Institution Title conferred Place and date
1 U.S.S.R. Moscow State University honorary doctorate May 1975
2 Peru National University of San Marcos hon. professorship April 1981
3 Bulgaria Sofia University honorary doctorate May 1981
4 China Peking University honorary professorship June 1984
5 China Fudan University honorary professorship June 1984
6 Dominican Republic Autonomous University of Santo Domingo honorary professorship February 1987
7 Argentina University of Buenos Aires honorary doctorate March 1990
8 Mexico University of Guanajuato honorary doctorate (Maestro Emérito) March 1990
9 China Wuhan University honorary professorship November 1990
10 Macau University of Macau honorary professorship January 1991[60]
11 Philippines University of the Philippines honorary doctorate of law April 1991
12 Argentina University of Palermo honorary doctorate May 1991
13 Hong Kong Chinese University of Hong Kong distinguished visiting professor[dubious – discuss] January 1992
14 Turkey Ankara University honorary doctorate of social science June 1992
15 China Chinese Academy of Social Sciences honorary research professor October 1992
16 Kenya University of Nairobi honorary doctorate of letters December 1992
17 Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro honorary doctorate February 1993
18 Argentina National University of Lomas de Zamora honorary doctorate February 1993
19 Argentina National University of Lomas de Zamora honorary professorship, faculty of law February 1993
20 Argentina National University of Córdoba honorary professorship February 1993
21 Paraguay National University of Asunción honorary doctorate of philosophy February 1993
22 Brazil University of São Paulo honorary visiting professor[dubious – discuss] February 1993
23 Brazil Federal University of Paraná honorary doctorate March 1993
24 Bolivia Del Valle University honorary doctorate March 1993
25 China Shenzhen University honorary professorship November 1993
26 China Xinjian Uygur Autonomous Region Museum honorary professorship January 1994
27 Russia International University in Moscow honorary doctorate May 1994
28 Italy University of Bologna honorary doctorate June 1994
29 United Kingdom University of Glasgow honorary doctorate June 1994
30 China Xinjiang University honorary professorship August 1994
31 China Xiamen University honorary professorship November 1994
32 South Africa University of the North honorary doctorate of education September 1995
33 Nepal Tribhuvan University honorary doctorate of letters November 1995
34 Macau University of Macau honorary doctorate of social sciences November 1995
35 Hong Kong University of Hong Kong honorary doctorate of letters March 1996[61]
36 China Xinjiang University honorary president April 1996
37 United States University of Denver honorary doctorate of education June 1996
38 Cuba University of Havana honorary doctorate of letters June 1996
39 Ghana University of Ghana honorary doctorate of law August 1996
40 Russia Far Eastern State University honorary doctorate of international education November 1996
41 China Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University honorary professorship November 1996
42 China Jilin University honorary professorship February 1997
43 Philippines De La Salle University honorary doctorate of humane letters (international education) March 1997
44 Sri Lanka University of Kelaniya honorary doctorate of letters May 1997
45 China Shanghai University honorary professorship May 1997
46 China Inner Mongolia University honorary professorship October 1997
47 Mongolia National University of Mongolia honorary doctorate of humanities November 1997
48 Philippines University of the City of Manila honorary doctorate of humanities February 1998
49 Argentina Universidad de Morón honorary doctorate March 1998
50 Russia Institute for High Energy Physics honorary doctorate April 1998
51 Brazil Rio de Janeiro State University honorary doctorate April 1998
52 Republic of Korea Kyung Hee University honorary doctorate of philosophy May 1998
53 Republic of Korea Chung Cheong College honorary professorship July 1998
54 Peru Ricardo Palma University honorary doctorate July 1998
55 Peru Association of Doctors of Education honorary doctorate July 1998
56 China Yanbian University honorary professorship November 1998
57 China Nankai University honorary professorship November 1998
58 Brazil Northern Paraná University honorary doctorate November 1998
59 India University of Delhi honorary doctorate of letters December 1998
60 Argentina University of Flores honorary doctorate January 1999
61 China Sichuan University honorary professorship April 1999
62 Peru Federico Villarreal National University honorary doctorate April 1999
63 Republic of Korea Cheju National University honorary doctorate of Korean language and literature May 1999
64 Bolivia University of Santa Cruz de la Sierra honorary doctorate June 1999
65 China Northeastern University honorary professorship July 1999
66 Kyrgystan Institute of Oriental Languages and Cultures, Kyrgyz State Pedagogical University honorary professorship August 1999
67 Peru National University of Central Peru honorary doctorate September 1999
68 China Hunan Normal University honorary professorship September 1999
69 Argentina National University of Lomas de Zamora honorary professorship, faculty of social sciences October 1999
70 Argentina National University of Comahue honorary doctorate October 1999
71 China Nanjing University honorary professorship December 1999
72 Russia St. Petersburg State University honorary doctorate January 2000
73 United States University of Delaware honorary doctorate of humane letters Tokyo, 16 January 2000[62]
74 United States Queens College, City University of New York honorary doctorate of humane letters January 2000
75 Guam University of Guam honorary doctorate of humane letters January 2000
76 Philippines Angeles University Foundation honorary doctorate of humanities February 2000
77 China Central University for Nationalities honorary professorship February 2000
78 China Guangdong University of Foreign Studies honorary professorship February 2000
79 Argentina National University of Nordeste honorary doctorate February 2000
80 China Northeast Normal University honorary doctorate March 2000
81 Sakha Republic (Russia) Yakutsk State University honorary professorship March 2000
82 El Salvador Latin American Technical University honorary doctorate April 2000
83 China Inner Mongolia Art Academy preeminent honorary professor April 2000
84 India Sri Sitaramdas Omkarnath Institute of Sanskrit Learning honorary doctorate (Mahamahopadhyaya) April 2000
85 Mongolia Mongolian Institute of Literature and Social Work honorary rector May 2000
86 China Beijing Administrative College honorary professorship May 2000
87 China Yunnan University honorary professorship June 2000
88 China South China Normal University honorary professorship August 2000
89 India Bundelkhand University honorary doctorate of letters August 2000
90 Venezuela University of Zulia honorary doctorate September 2000
91 Panama University of Panama honorary doctorate September 2000
92 India Bundelkhand University honorary lifetime professor in the Ambedhar School of Social Sciences October 2000
93 Thailand Siam University honorary doctorate of public administration November 2000
94 Tonga Tonga Institute of Education and Tong Tonga Institute of Schinece and Technology honorary professorship of education November 2000
95 Australia University of Sydney honorary doctorate of letters 24 November 2000[63]
96 Malaysia Putra University, Malaysia honorary doctorate of letters November 2000
97 Hong Kong Chinese University of Hong Kong honorary doctorate of social science 7 December 2000[64]
98 Mongolia Mongolian University of Arts and Culture honorary doctorate December 2000
99 India Purvanchal University honorary doctorate of letters January 2001
100 China Guangdong Province Academy of Social Sciences honorary professorship February 2001
101 China Northwest University honorary professorship April 2001
102 China Anhui University honorary professorship April 2001
103 Puerto Rico Carlos Albizu University honorary doctorate of humane letters in behavioral sciences May 2001
104 Mongolia Kharakhorum University honorary doctorate May 2001
105 China Fujian Normal University honorary professorship June 2001
106 China Huaqiao University honorary professorship June 2001
107 China Jinan University honorary professorship July 2001
108 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Northern Marianas College honorary professorship July 2001
109 China Soochow University honorary professorship October 2001
110 China Liaoning Normal University honorary professorship October 2001
111 Philippines University of Southern Philippines Foundation honorary doctorate of humanities October 2001
112 China Guangzhou University honorary professorship November 2001
113 Republic of Korea Kyongju University honorary professorship December 2001
114 Republic of Korea Changwon National University honorary doctorate of education December 2001
115 Kazakhstan International Kazakh-Turkish University honorary professorship December 2001
116 Dominican Republic Santiago Technical University honorary doctorate February 2002
117 Uzbekistan National Institute of Arts and Design (Uzbekistan) honorary professorship February 2002
118 China Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences senior research professor March 2002
119 Philippines Gregorio Araneta University Foundation honorary doctorate of humanities March 2002
120 Cambodia Royal University of Phnom Penh honorary professorship March 2002
121 China Liaoning University honorary professorship April 2002
122 United States Morehouse College honorary doctorate of humane letters April 2002
123 China Qingdao University honorary professorship April 2002
124 India Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University honorary doctorate of letters April 2002
125 Kenya Kenyatta University honorary doctorate of humane letters May 2002
126 China Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences honorary professorship May 2002
127 Russia Moscow State University honorary professorship June 2002
128 China Nanjing Normal University honorary professorship June 2002
129 Republic of Korea Sorabol College honorary professorship June 2002
130 India Himachal Pradesh University honorary doctorate of literature August 2002
131 China Renmin University of China honorary professorship September 2002
132 China University of Science and Technology of China honorary professorship October 2002
133 China Zhejiang University honorary professorship November 2002
134 Mongolia Shihihutung Law School honorary doctorate November 2002
135 Ukraine Kiev National University of Trade and Economics honorary doctorate November 2002
136 Republic of Korea Dong-A University honorary doctorate of philosophy December 2002
137 China Shanghai International Studies University honorary professorship December 2002
138 China Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences honorary professorship December 2002
139 India Bharathidasan University honorary doctorate of literature January 2003
140 Peru National University of Piura honorary doctorate February 2003
141 Taiwan Chinese Culture University honorary doctorate of philosophy March 2003
142 China Dalian University of Foreign Languages honorary professorship April 2003
143 Paraguay Columbia University of Paraguay honorary doctorate of sociology April 2003
144 Peru Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University honorary doctorate September 2003
145 China Northwest Normal University honorary professorship October 2003
146 Republic of Korea Gwangju Women's University honorary professorship October 2003
147 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University honorary professorship October 2003
148 United States Chapman University honorary doctorate of humane letters December 2003
149 China Zhaoqing University honorary professorship December 2003
150 Sakha Republic Arctic State Institute of Culture and Arts honorary professorship January 2004
151 India Rabindra Bharati University honorary doctorate of literature February 2004
152 United States Mineral Area College honorary professorship of humanities February 2004
153 China National Prosecuters College honorary professorship March 2004
154 Taiwan National Pingtung University honorary doctorate of agricultural sciences March 2004
155 Buryat Republic Buryat State University honorary professorship April 2004
156 Brazil Londrina State University honorary doctorate April 2004
157 Bolivia University of San Francisco Xavier of Chuquisaca honorary doctorate May 2004
158 China China University of Petroleum honorary professorship May 2004
159 Philippines Capitol University honorary doctorate of humanities June 2004
160 China Sanda University, Shanghai honorary professorship June 2004
161 Jordan University of Jordan honorary doctorate of humane letters July 2004
162 Mexico University of Guadalajara honorary doctorate September 2004
163 China Fujian Academy of Social Sciences honorary professorship September 2004
164 China Changchun University honorary professorship October 2004
165 China Qufu Normal University honorary professorship October 2004
166 Kyrgyzstan Osh State University honorary professorship November 2004
167 Republic of Korea Paekche Institute of the Arts honorary professorship November 2004
168 Mongolia Otgontenger University honorary doctorate December 2004
169 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Northern Marianas College honorary president January 2005
170 Peru Enrique Guzman y Valle National University of Education honorary doctorate January 2005
171 Belarus Minsk State Linguistics University honorary professorship February 2005
172 Philippines Batangas State University honorary doctorate of pedagogy March 2005
173 China Shanghai University of Finance and Economics honorary professorship April 2005
174 Paraguay National University of Itapua honorary doctorate April 2005
175 China Beijing Language and Culture University honorary professorship May 2005
176 Brazil Cornélio Procópio College of Philosophy, Science, and Letters honorary doctorate May 2005
177 China Huazhong Normal University honorary professorship June 2005
178 China Guangxi Normal University honorary professorship July 2005
179 Mongolia Mongolian Academy of Sciences Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law honorary professorship, philosophy September 2005
180 Vietnam Vietnam National University, Hanoi honorary doctorate September 2005
181 China East China University of Science and Technology honorary professorship October 2005
182 Serbia and Montenegro Braca Karic University honorary doctorate October 2005
183 Russia Academy of Security, Defense, and Law Enforcement honorary professorship December 2005
184 India Symbiosis International Educational Centre (Deemed University) honorary doctorate of literature December 2005
185 Russia Ural State University honorary doctorate January 2006
186 Laos National University of Laos honorary professorship of humanities February 2006
187 Philippines Pampanga Agricultural College honorary doctorate of humanities March 2006
188 China Hunan University honorary professorship April 2006
189 Ukraine National Technical University of Ukraine "KPI" honorary doctorate April 2006
190 China East China Normal University honorary professorship May 2006
191 China Nanjing Arts Institute honorary professorship May 2006
192 India Visva-Bharati honorary doctorate of literature May 2006
193 China China Southwest University of Political Science and Law honorary professorship June 2006
194 United States Southern Illinois University Carbondale honorary doctorate of humane letters June 2006
195 United States Los Angeles Southwest College honorary professorship June 2006
196 China Shaoguan University honorary professorship June 2006
197 Republic of Korea Dong Shin University honorary doctorate of public administration June 2006
198 Thailand Maejo University honorary doctorate of administration July 2006
199 Brazil Catholic College of Economic Science of Bahia honorary doctorate September 2006
200 China Beijing Normal University honorary professorship October 2006[citation needed]
201 Philippines University of Rizal System honorary doctorate of humanities Nov 24, 2006[citation needed]
202 China Dalian University of Technology honorary professorship Dec 8, 2006[citation needed]
203 Republic of Korea Dongju College honorary professorship Feb 6, 2007[citation needed]
204 China Guizhou University honorary professorship Feb 26, 2007[citation needed]
205 Russia Baikal National University of Economics and Law honorary professorship Mar 13, 2007[citation needed]
206 Venezuela Rafael Belloso Chacin University honorary doctorate Mar 20, 2007[citation needed]
207 Venezuela Santa María University honorary doctorate of law Mar 20, 2007[citation needed]
208 Italy University of Palermo honorary doctorate of communication sciences Mar 23, 2007[citation needed]
209 Brazil Brazilian Academy of Philosophy honorary doctorate Apr 2, 2007[citation needed]
210 United States University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee honorary doctorate of humane letters Apr 17, 2007[citation needed]
211 China Harbin Engineering University honorary professorship Apr 18, 2007[citation needed]
212 Brazil Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul honorary doctorate Apr 29, 2007[citation needed]
213 China Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences honorary professorship May 5, 2007[citation needed]
214 Taiwan Southern Taiwan University of Technology honorary doctorate of engineering May 28, 2007[citation needed]
215 Russia Russian State University for the Humanities honorary doctorate May 31, 2007[citation needed]
216 Peru National University of El Santa honorary doctorate Jun 23, 2007[citation needed]
217 Sakha Republic (Russia) The Yakut State Agricultural Academy honorary professorship Jul 4, 2007[citation needed]
218 Russia Far Eastern State Technical University honorary professorship Jul 9, 2007[citation needed]
219 Philippines University of Southeastern Philippines honorary doctorate of education Sep 13, 2007[citation needed]
220 China Shaanxi Normal University honorary professorship Oct 6, 2007[citation needed]
221 Mexico University of Humanistic Integration honorary doctorate of human sciences Oct 8, 2007[citation needed]
222 Brazil Ingá University (UNINGÁ) honorary professorship Oct 10, 2007[citation needed]
223 China China Youth University for Political Sciences honorary professorship Oct 21, 2007[citation needed]
224 Mongolia Mongolian State University of Education honorary doctorate Oct 24, 2007[citation needed]
225 China Wenzhou Medical College honorary professorship Nov 30, 2007[citation needed]
226 China Shanghai Normal University honorary professorship Dec 17, 2007[citation needed]
227 Dominican Republic Autonomous University of Santo Domingo honorary doctorate Jan 19, 2008[citation needed]
228 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology honorary doctorate of philosophy in management Jan 21, 2008[citation needed]
229 Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University honorary doctorate of philosophy in humanities Jan 26, 2008[citation needed]
230 China Hunan University of Science and Technology honorary professorship Mar 1, 2008[citation needed]
231 Kyrgyz Republic I. Arabaev Kyrgyz State University honorary doctorate Mar 21, 2008[citation needed]
232 China Jiaying University honorary professorship Mar 31, 2008[citation needed]
233 Russia Tula Lev Tolstoy State Pedagogical University honorary professorship Apr 2, 2008[citation needed]
234 China Hebei University honorary professorship Apr 13, 2008[citation needed]
235 China Yan'an University honorary professorship May 4, 2008[citation needed]
236 China Eastern Liaoning University lifetime honorary professorship May 30, 2008[citation needed]
237 China Changchun University of Technology honorary professorship Jun 2, 2008[citation needed]
238 Brazil Centro Universitário de Goiás honorary doctorate Jun 17, 2008[citation needed]
239 Brazil Centro Universitário Ítalo Brasileiro honorary doctorate Jun 20, 2008[citation needed]
240 Philippines Benguet State University honorary doctorate of humanities Jul 10, 2008[citation needed]
241 Taiwan Chungyu Institute of Technology honorary professorship Jul 22, 2008[citation needed]
242 Taiwan Tainan University of Technology honorary professorship Jul 24, 2008[citation needed]
243 Malaysia Open University Malaysia honorary doctorate of Arts Feb 24, 2009[citation needed]
250 Denmark South Danish University honorary doctorate March 21, 2009[citation needed]
251 Republic of Korea Korea Maritime University University Professor Apr 2, 2009[citation needed]
252 Armenia Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts and Artists honorary doctorate April 2, 2010[65]
253 Canada Université Laval honorary doctorate of education May 4, 2010[66]
254 Malaysia University of Malaya honorary doctorate of humanities August 2, 2010[67]
Malaysia Open University Malaysia honorary doctor of arts (humanities) Soka International Friendship Hall, 2010[68]
255 Chile Universidad Pedro de Valdivia honorary doctorate August 30, 2010[69]
300 United States University of Massachusetts Boston honorary degree Shinjuku, Tokyo, November 18, 2010[59]
301 Philippines University of Southern Mindanao honorary doctorate of humanities October 09, 2010 [70]

Books

  • Compassionate Linght in Asia with Jin Yong
  • The Human Revolution (12 volumes):Human Revolution in SGI
  • The New Human Revolution (30+ Volumes, this is an ongoing series)
  • Choose Life: A Dialogue with Arnold J. Toynbee
  • Dawn After Dark with René Huyghe
  • Before It Is Too Late with Aurelio Peccei
  • Human Values in a changing world with Bryan Wilson
  • A Lifelong Quest for Peace with Linus Pauling
  • Dialogue of World Citizens with Norman Cousins
  • Choose Peace with Johan Galtung
  • Planetary Citizenship with Hazel Henderson
  • Moral Lesson of the Twentieth Century with Mikhail Gorbachev
  • A Quest for Global Peace: Rotblat and Ikeda on War, Ethics, and the Nuclear Threat with Joseph Rotblat
  • Global Civilization: A Buddhist-Islamic Dialogue With Majid Tehranian
  • Toward Creating an Age of Humanism with John Kenneth Galbraith
  • Dialogical Civilization with Tu Weiming
  • My Recollections
  • One By One
  • For the Sake of Peace
  • A Youthful Diary
  • The Living Buddha
  • Buddhism, the First Millenium
  • The Flower of Chinese Buddhism
  • The Wisdom of the Lotus Sutra (6 volumes)
  • On Peace, Life and Philosophy with Henry Kissinger
  • Revolutions: to green the environment, to grow the human heart with M.S. Swaminathan
  • Unlocking the Mysteries of Birth and Death: A Buddhist View of Life
  • Life: An Enigma, a Precious Jewel
  • Humanity at the Crossroads with Karan Singh
  • The Snow Country Prince (children's book)
  • The Cherry Tree (children's book)
  • The Princess and the Moon (children's book)
  • Over the Deep Blue Sea (children's book)
  • Kanta and the Deer (children's book)
  • The Way of Youth: Buddhist Common Sense for Handling Life's Questions (with a foreword by Duncan Sheik)
  • Planetary Citizenship with Hazel Henderson
  • Songs of Peace: Rendezvous with Nature (Photographs) (Tokyo: Sōka Gakkai, 2005)
  • "A Dialogue Between East and West: Looking to a Human Revolution" with Ricardo Diez-Hochleitner
  • Ode to the Grand Spirit - A dialogue - with Chingiz Aitmatov

See also

References

  1. ^ Ikeda, Daisaku. "Thoughts on Education for Global Citizenship". Delivered at Teachers College, Columbia University, June 13, 1996"[1]
  2. ^ a b c d Faith in Revolution
  3. ^ Seager, Richard Hughes. Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhist Humanism. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006. p.128
  4. ^ Shimada, Hiromi: Kōmeitō vs. Sōka Gakkai ("Conflicts between Komeitō and Sōka Gakkai"). Asahi Shinsho, Tokyo: May 2007. ISBN 978-4-02-273153-1. p. 114. (Japanese)
  5. ^ Mizoguchi, Atsushi: Ikeda Daisaku: Kenryokusha no Kōzō ("Daisaku Ikeda: The structure behind a man with power"). Kōdansha, Tokyo: September 2005. ISBN 4-06-256962-0. p. 396 (Japanese)
  6. ^ Taisekiji: Nichiren Shōshū Nyūmon ("An introduction to Nichiren Shoshu"). Fujinomiya, 2002. p. 332 (chronology) and p. 240 (Japanese)
  7. ^ Shimada, Hiromi: Kōmeitō vs. Sōka Gakkai, p. 116. (Japanese)
  8. ^ a b Howard W. French, "A Sect's Political Rise Creates Uneasiness in Japan", 14 November 1999. Accessed 19 November 2011.
  9. ^ What's the Value of an Honorary Degree? A Time-Honored, and Seemingly Timeless, Practice
  10. ^ A New Humanism: The University Addresses of Daisaku Ikeda
  11. ^ This Week in WAC, March 7th, 2006, The Center for the Study and Teaching of Writing (CSTW) : The Ohio State University
  12. ^ Dongjiang Journal 2008-03
  13. ^ [2]
  14. ^ [3]
  15. ^ Shimada, Hiromi: Kōmeitō vs. Sōka Gakkai, p. 120–121. (Japanese)
  16. ^ a b c [4]
  17. ^ [5]
  18. ^ [6]
  19. ^ [7]
  20. ^ [8]
  21. ^ [9]
  22. ^ [10]
  23. ^ [11]
  24. ^ [12]
  25. ^ [13]
  26. ^ Choose Life: A Dialogue
  27. ^ Dragon King's Daughter
  28. ^ A Grand Declaration of Gender Equality
  29. ^ The Concept of Equality in the Lotus Sutra: The SGI's Viewpoint
  30. ^ The Dragon King’s Daughter: Sinfonietta for Jazz Nonet, Strings, and Soprano
  31. ^ Peter Popham, Tokyo: The City at the End of the World (Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1985; ISBN 4-7700-1226-8), p.64.
  32. ^ Polly Toynbee, "Soka Gakkai and the Toynbee 'Endorsement'", Daily Yomiuri, May 27, 1984; quoted in Popham, Tokyo, p.64.
  33. ^ Toynbee, "Soka Gakkai and the Toynbee 'Endorsement'"; quoted in Popham, Tokyo, p.65.
  34. ^ a b Michelle Magee, "Japan Fears Another Religious Sect", San Francisco Chronicle, 27 December 1995. Accessed 19 November 2011
  35. ^ Edward W. Desmond, "The Power of Sōka Gakkai: Growing revelations about the complicated and sinister nexus of politics and religion", Time, 20 November 1995.
  36. ^ [14]
  37. ^ Adam Gamble and Takesato Watanabe, A Public Betrayed: An Inside Look at Japanese Media Atrocities and Their Warnings to the West (Regnery Publishing, 2004)
  38. ^ Balitzer, Alfred (November 19, 1999). "Japanese sect's appeal". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/19/opinion/l-japanese-sect-s-appeal-509957.html. 
  39. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named the_Fourteenth_Annual_International_Law_and_Religion_Symposium; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text
  40. ^ [15]
  41. ^ [16]
  42. ^ [17]
  43. ^ Ecological paradise, The Times of India
  44. ^ Survey of Youth Attitudes to Nuclear Weapons, Nuclear Power
  45. ^ UNHCR Recognises Importance of Faith for the Uprooted
  46. ^ Soka Gakkai in Japan: A Dissertation for the Degree of Doctoral of Philosophy, Princeton University'
  47. ^ Toward a Nonkilling Paradigm edited by Joam Evans Pim, 8th World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates
  48. ^ 151st Congregation (1996), The University of Hong Kong
  49. ^ Honorary Professor of KNUTE (1996), the Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
  50. ^ Soka Gakkai in Japan, A Dissertation for the Degree of Doctoral of Philosophy, Princeton University
  51. ^ NAPF Youth Outreach: Peace Heroes: Daisaku Ikeda, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation
  52. ^ Congressional Record: Volume 153-Part 8, United States Government Printing Office
  53. ^ Special Advisors, G8 Research Group: Special advisors are prominent individuals from the global community, the University of Toronto
  54. ^ SGI President was Conferred with the Order of Friendship on behalf of the Russian Federation, Science 2.0
  55. ^ list of honorary members, Club of Rome.
  56. ^ Educating kids through animated films, The Hindu
  57. ^ Chinese Part 1 - Dr. Daisaku Ikeda's animation stories - Malaysia ntv7
  58. ^ 創価学会の池田名誉会長、海外からの称号３００個に
  59. ^ a b c "Daisaku Ikeda Receives Honorary Degree from UMass Boston at Special Ceremony in Japan", University of Massachusetts Boston, 23 November 2010. Accessed 2 January 2010.
  60. ^ "Honorary Degrees and Titles" (PDF), University of Macau. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  61. ^ Citation, University of Hong Kong, 2005. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  62. ^ "Honorary degree awarded U.N. Peace Award winner", University of Delaware Update vol. 19, no. 18, 3 February 2000. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  63. ^ Press release, University of Sydney, 7 October 2010. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  64. ^ Press release, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 16 October 2000. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  65. ^ "Rector traveled to Japan to present the respective certificates to of honorary doctorate."
  66. ^ "Monsieur Daisaku Ikeda, philosophe bouddhiste japonais, artisan de la paix, auteur et poète", Université Laval. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  67. ^ "the chancellor conferred an honorary doctorate of humanities to peace activist Dr Daisaku Ikeda", Universiti Malaya.
  68. ^ "OUM honors proponent of world peace and humanity", Open University Malaysia, 1 April 2010. Accessed 11 February 2011.
  69. ^ "UPV Rector awarded honorary degrees to prominent Japanese pacifist leader Daisaku Ikeda", Universidad Pedro de Valdivia.
  70. ^ "University of Southern Mindanao Presents Honorary Doctorate of Humanities". http://www.daisakuikeda.org/sub/news/2010/oct/news20101009-univ-so-mindanao.html. Retrieved 2011-10-27. 

Notes

  • Seager, Richard: Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Sōka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhism. University of California Press, 2006.

External links

Preceded by
Josei Toda		 President of Sōka Gakkai
1960 - 1979		 Succeeded by
Hiroshi Hōjō

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  • Daisaku Ikeda — (jap. 池田 大作 Ikeda Daisaku; * 2. Januar 1928 in Tokio) ist ein japanischer Schriftsteller und Philosoph. Er ist Autor zahlreicher Romane, Essays und Gedichte, hält Vorträge und führt Dialoge, die sich den Themen Frieden, Kultur und Erziehung auf… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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  • Ikeda Daisaku — Daisaku Ikeda (jap. 池田 大作 Ikeda Daisaku) (* 2. Januar 1928 in Tokio) ist Schriftsteller und Philosoph. Er ist Autor zahlreicher Romane, Essays und Gedichte, hält Vorträge und führt Dialoge, die sich den Themen Frieden, Kultur und Erziehung auf… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Ikeda — (jap. 池田 Ikeda, wörtlich „Reisfeld am Teich“) ist ein japanischer Familien und Ortsname. Ikeda ist der Name folgender Orte: Ikeda (Ōsaka), einer Stadt in der Präfektur Ōsaka Die folgenden Kleinstädte Ikeda (池田町; Ikeda chō oder Ikeda machi) Ikeda… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Ikeda — is a Japanese surname and place name, literally meaning rice paddy by the pond .Place names* the city of Ikeda, Osaka (Japanese: 池田市; Ikeda shi ) in Osaka Prefecture, Japan * any of the following towns named Ikeda (Japanese: 池田町; ikeda cho or… …   Wikipedia

  • Sōka Gakkai — Japanese Buddhism …   Wikipedia

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  • Soka Gakkai — Sōka Gakkai (jap. 創価学会, dt. „Werteschaffende Gesellschaft“) ist eine buddhistische Religionsgemeinschaft, die 1930 in Japan gegründet, auf den Nichiren Buddhismus des Gelehrten und Reformers Nichiren (1222–1282) zurückgeht. Ursprünglich der… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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