List of domesticated animals

This is a list of animals that have been domesticated by humans.^[1] The list includes species or larger formal and informal zoological categories that include at least some domesticated individuals. It includes livestock, poultry, companion animals and working animals.To be considered domesticated, a population of animals must have their behavior, life cycle, or physiology systemically altered as a result of being under human control for many generations. Animals included in this list that do not fully meet this criterion are designated "captive-bred" or "semi-domesticated".

List of all domestics

Species	Wild ancestor	Date	Location of Origin	Purpose	Picture	Degree and type of domestication
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)	Wolf	between 30000 BC and 15000 BC[2][3]	East Africa	hunting, herding, companionship, pest control, meat, transportation		tame; significant physical changes
Sheep (Ovis orientalis aries)	Asiatic Mouflon	between 11000 BC and 9000 BC[4][5]	Southwest Asia	fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum
Pig (Sus scrofa domestica)	Wild Boar	9000 BC[6]	Near East, China	meat, leather, companionship
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)	Wild Goat	8000 BC [7]	Iran	milk, meat, fibre
Cattle (Bos primigenius taurus)	Aurochs (extinct)	8000 BC[8][9]	India, Middle East, and North Africa	meat, milk, leather, power, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization
Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus)	Aurochs (extinct), possibly Gaur	8000 BC	India	meat, milk, leather, power, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization
Cat (Felis silvestris catus)	African Wildcat	7500 BC [10][11][12][13]	Near East	pest control, companionship		tame, some physical changes
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)	Red Junglefowl	6000 BC[14]	India and Southeast Asia	meat, eggs, feathers, companionship
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)	Montane Guinea Pig	5000 BC[15]	Peru	meat, companionship
Donkey (Equus africanus asinus)	African Wild Ass	5000 BC[16][17]	Egypt	transportation, power, meat
Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)	Mallard	4000 BC	China	meat, fat, foie gras, feathers and down, eggs
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)	Wild Asian Water buffalo	4000 BC	India, China	power, meat, milk
Honey bee (Apis spp.)	Various	4000 BC	Multiple places	honey, wax, pollination, meat
Horse (Equus ferus caballus)	Wild horse	4000 BC[18]	Eurasian Steppes	meat, transportation, power, milk		tame, some physical changes
Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)	Wild Dromedary Camel	4000 BC	Arabia	transportation, power, milk, meat
Silkworm (Bombyx mori)	Silkworm	3000 BC	China	silk, companionship, meat
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)	Reindeer	3000 BC [19]	Russia	meat, milk, transportation, antlers
Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia)	Rock Dove	3000 BC	Mediterranean Basin	show, messenger, meat		some physical changes
Goose (Anser anser domesticus), (Anser cygnoides domesticus)	Greylag Goose, Swan Goose	3000 BC, 1000 BC (Swan Goose)	Egypt, Eastern Asia (Swan Goose)	meat, fat, foie gras, feathers and down, eggs, guarding
Yak (Bos grunniens)	Wild Yak	2500 BC	Tibet	milk, transportation, power, meat, fibre
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)	Wild Bactrian Camel	2500 BC	Central Asia	milk, transportation, power, meat
Llama (Lama glama)	Guanaco	2400 BC [20]	Peru	transportation, power, meat
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)	Vicuña	2400 BC [20]	Peru	milk, transportation, fibre, meat
Domesticated guineafowl (Numida meleagris)	Helmeted Guineafowl	2400 BC [21]	Africa	meat, eggs
Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)	Wild Asian Elephant	2000 BC	Pakistan	power, transportation		semidomesticated
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)	European Polecat, Steppe Polecat	1500 BC	Europe	hunting, companionship
Fancy mouse (Mus musculus)	House Mouse	1100 BC	China	companionship, research		tame, significant physical changes
Fallow Deer (Dama dama)	Fallow Deer	1000 BC	Mediterranean Basin	meat, antlers
Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata)	Muscovy Duck	700–600 BC [20]	South America	meat, fat
Cochineal Insect (Oactylopius coccus)	Cochineal Insect	700–500 BC [20]	Chile, Mexico	red dye
Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus)	Indian Peafowl	500 BC	India	show, feathers, meat
Barbary Dove (Streptopelia risoria)	African Collared Dove	500 BC	North Africa	show
Parrots, Parakeets and Love birds (order: Psittaciformes)	Uncertain[22]	300 BC	Multiple places	companionship, show, talking bird
Banteng (Bos javanicus)	Wild Banteng	Unknown	Southeast Asia, Java Island	meat, milk, power
Gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis)	Gaur	Unknown	Southeast Asia	meat, power
Perro Yaghan (Pseudalopex culpaeus)	Culpeo	Unknown	Tierra del Fuego	Hunting, companionship, warmth
Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata)	Mandarin Duck	Unknown	China	meat, fat
Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Hill Myna (Gracula religiosa)	Common Starling	ancient times[23]	India, Australia	companionship, talking bird		Raised in Captivity
Roman Snail (Helix pomatia)	Helix pomatia	100 AD?	Europe	meat
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)	Wild Turkey	180 [20]	Mexico, United States	meat, feathers
Stingless Bee (Melipona beecheii)	Melipona beecheii	180 [20]	Mexico, Amazon Basin	honey		semidomesticated
Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)	Common goldfish	300–400	China	companionship		some physical changes
Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)	European Rabbit	600 [24]	Europe	meat, pelt, fibre, companionship
Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)	Mute Swan	1000–1500	Europe	meat
Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)	Japanese Quail	1100–1900	Japan	meat
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)	Common carp	1200–1500	Europe, East Asia	meat, show (koi)
Canary (Serinus canaria)	Atlantic Canary	1600	Canary Islands, Europe	companionship
Fancy rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Brown Rat	19th century	UK	companionship, research
American Mink (Neovison vison)	American Mink	19th century	North America	fur
Ostrich (Struthio camelus)	Ostrich	19th century	Africa	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat
Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)	Budgerigar	1850s	Australia	companionship
Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)	Cockatiel	1870s	Australia	companionship
Chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla), (Chinchilla lanigera)	Short-tailed chinchilla, Long-tailed chinchilla	1930s	Andes	companionship, fur, research
Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata)	Zebra Finch	20th century	Australia	companionship
Turquoise Parrot (Neophema pulchella)	Turquoise Parrot	20th century	Australia	companionship, show
Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Dwarf Hamsters	Syrian Hamster, Dwarf Hamsters	1930s	Syria	companionship, research
Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)	Red Fox	1950s	Soviet Union	pelt, research, companionship		tameness, some physical changes
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	African clawed frog	1950s	South Africa	companionship, research
Diamond Dove (Geopelia cuneata)	Diamond Dove		Australia	companionship
Central Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps)	Central Bearded Dragon	1970s	Australia	companionship		minor physical changes
Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus)	Eclectus Parrot	1980s	Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands	companionship
Greater Rhea (Rhea americana)	Greater Rhea	20th century	South America	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat
Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)	Emu	1990s	Australia	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat
Degu (Octodon degus)	Degu	1990s	Chilean Andes	companionship, research
Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)	Gerbil	1950s	Africa and Asia	companionship, research
Green Iguana (Iguana iguana)	Green Iguana	1990s	South America	companionship, meat, leather
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)	Axolotl	20th century	Mexico	research
Andean Marsupial Tree Frog (Gastrotheca riobambae)	Andean Marsupial Tree Frog	20th century	Ecuadorian Andes	companionship, research
Australian Green Tree Frog (Litoria caerulea)	Australian Green Tree Frog	late 20th century	Australia	companionship
Argentine Horned Frog (Ceratophrys ornata)	Argentine Horned Frog	late 20th century	Argentina	companionship
Cranwell's horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli)	Cranwell's Horned Frog	late 20th century	Argentina	companionship
Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)	Leopard gecko		Southeast to central Asia	companionship		minor physical changes

See also

	Animals portal
	Lists portal

• Lists of animals
• Livestock
• Poultry
• Pet

References

1. ^ Animal Domestication - Table of Dates and Places of Animal Domestication
2. ^ [http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2008/10/dog-domestication-in-aurignacian -c.html Dienekes' Anthropology Blog : Dog domestication in the Aurignacian (c. 32kyBP])
3. ^ [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27240370/ MSNBC : World's first dog lived 31,700 years ago, ate big]
4. ^ Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31342-3. 
5. ^ Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-58017-262-2. 
6. ^ Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (April 2000). "The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression". Genetics 154 (4): 1785–91. PMC 1461048. PMID 10747069. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10747069. 
7. ^ Melinda A. Zeder, [http://web.utk.edu/~persian/goat.htm Goat busters track domestication] (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.
8. ^ [http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt.]
9. ^ Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [1], (French).
10. ^ [2], domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.
11. ^ [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html "Oldest Known Pet Cat? 95DOGGIES00-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus"]. National Geographic News. 2004-04-08. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html. Retrieved 2007-03-06. 
12. ^ Muir, Hazel (2004-04-08). "Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23. 
13. ^ Walton, Marsha (April 9, 2004). "Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23. 
14. ^ West B., Zhou B-X. (1989). [http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf "Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication"] (PDF). World’s Poultry Science Journal 45 (3): 205–18. doi:10.1079/WPS19890012. http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf. 
15. ^ [http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in South America, a summary of the current state of knowledge]
16. ^ Beja-Pereira, Albano, et al. (18 June 2004). "African Origins of the Domestic Donkey". Science 304 (1781). doi:10.1126/science.1096008. PMID 15205528. [New Scientist Lay summary]. 
17. ^ Roger Blench, [http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf The history and spread of donkeys in Africa]PDF (235 KB)
18. ^ The Domestication of the Horse; see also Domestication of the horse
19. ^ Domestication of Reindeer
20. ^ ^{a b c d e f} D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. [http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bitstream/10057/1824/1/LAJ+2B21_p42-54.pdf Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World]
21. ^ Guinea Fowl
22. ^ Wright, T.F.; Schirtzinger E. E., Matsumoto T., Eberhard J. R., Graves G. R., Sanchez J. J., Capelli S., Muller H., Scharpegge J., Chambers G. K. & Fleischer R. C. (2008). "A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous". Mol Biol Evol 25 (10): 2141–2156. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn160. PMC 2727385. PMID 18653733. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2727385. 
23. ^ http://www.writers-free-reference.com/10pets.htm
24. ^ Interesting Rabbit Domestication History