YSR district

Kadappa q = Kadapa
—  district  —
Kadappa q = Kadapa Location of Kadappa q = Kadapa in Andhra Pradesh and India
Coordinates	14°30′N 78°42′E / 14.5°N 78.7°E / 14.5; 78.7Coordinates: 14°30′N 78°42′E / 14.5°N 78.7°E / 14.5; 78.7
Country	India
State	Andhra Pradesh
Population • Density	2,601,797 (2001[update]) • 169 /km2 (438 /sq mi)
Official languages	Telugu, Urdu[1]
Time zone	IST (UTC+05:30)
Area • Elevation	15,379 square kilometres (5,938 sq mi) • 378.7 metres (1,242 ft)
ISO 3166-2	IN-AP-
Website	kadapa.info

YSR Kadapa District (formerly Kadapa or Cuddapah District)^[2] (Telugu: కడప జిల్లా, Urdu: کڈپہ ضلع) is one of the 23 districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. On 8 July 2010, the government of Andhra Pradesh renamed the district in honor of Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, a former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh who was a native of the district and who was popularly known by his initials "YSR".^[2].

The city of Kadapa is the district headquarters.

History

Cuddapah has historical importance since BC era. It was connected with Mouryans in BC era and Sathavahanas in the third century AD. It was part of the area ceded to the British by Nizam. The District was formed by splitting the Ceded Districts into two in 1808 during the British rule, the other district being Bellary.^[3] The British spelt the district as Cuddapah.

The district is part of Rayalaseema, commemorating the name of Rayulu (Kings) of the Vijayanagar Empire, who ruled the area in 16th century. Gandikota fort located on the bank of Penna river was the citadel of Pemmasani Nayaks, commanders of Vijayanagar army and who won the battles of Raichur and Gulbarga for the Vijayanagar kings.

The old records of the district reveal that Kadapa previously called Gadapa which means in Telugu language threshold. The ancient village of Kadapa with its large tank and temple of Lord Venkateswara at Devuni Kadapa was convenient camping place for the myriads of pilgrims traveling to the holy shrine of Tirupathi. There was a belief that the pilgrims have to first visit Devuni Kadapa, before going to Tirupathi to pray of Saint Annamacharya and Saint Potuluri Veera Brahmam who foretold about the future and advocated a classless society. The ancient temple at Vontimitta which inspired Pothana to compose Andhra Maha Bhagavatham is also in the district. In olden of oldendays Kdapa called "Heranyanagaram".

Recent historical records reveal that in Jyothi village located in Sidhout mandal has 108 Shiva lingas on the bank of Penna river is considered as Dakshina Dwaram (South Gate) for the Sri Sailam Mallikarguna Temple (One of twelve Dwadasa lingas) also gained lot popularity in recent days. Presently Maditheti Mallikarjuna Reddy is Temple Chairman.

Geography

YSR district occupies an area of 15,938 square kilometres (6,154 sq mi),^[4] comparatively equivalent to Canada's Prince Patrick Island.^[5]

The main rivers in this district are Penna, Chitravathi, Kunderu, Papaghni, Sagileru and Cheyeru.

Economy

Besides its historical importance, the district has occupied an important place in the industrial map of Andhra Pradesh with its highly valued rich mineral resources.

Black corson soil lands are 24%, black soil 19%, sandy soil lands 4%, red soil lands 25%. The first variety lands are very fertile. Sand soil lands are not so fertile. ‘Korra’, orange, lime and betel leaf are the special crops. They are cultivated near river beds. Starting at Sunkesula Dam on Tungabadra river Cuddapah-Kurnool (K.C) Canal flows through Cuddapah and Kurnool districts providing water to 40 km² of cultivable land. The main source of drinking water to this district is Galer-Nagari-Sujalasravanthi Canal.

This district is the repository of mineral wealth. As per the 1983 survey of geological survey of India 30 lakh tons of lead, 74,000,000 tons of barytes, 27000 tons of asbestos deposits are there. It is estimated that 700 lakh tons of barytes deposits might be there in Mangampet. There are clay deposits in Rajampet. This is used to make stone implements. Limestone is available in Yerraguntla, M/s. Coramandal Fertilizers established a cement factory with an annual yield of 10 lakh tons. Bharat cement corporation increases its capacity to 10 lakh tons. National mineral development corporation is extracting asbestos in Brahman palli and barieties in Mangampet. Kadapa is also famous for its stone called as "cuddapah stone" used in building construction and for slabs especially in the south India. In Tummalapalle, there are 49,000 tonnes of confirmed uranium deposits which are mined and processed locally.^[6][7]

In 2006 the Indian government named YSR one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).^[8] It is one of the thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).^[8]

Divisions

Administration

There are 3 Revenue Divisions (Kadapa, Jammalamadugu and Rajampeta and 51 Mandals in Kadapa district.

Mandals

• Atlur,
• Badvel,
• B.Kodur,
• Brahmamgarimattam,
• Chakrayapet,
• Chapadu,
• Chennur,
• Chinnamandem,
• Chitvel,
• Duvvuru,
• Galiveedu,
• Gopavaram,
• Jammalmadugu,
• Kadapa,
• Kalasapadu,
• Kamalapuram,
• Khajipet,
• Kondapuram,
• Lakkireddipalle,
• Lingala,
• Muddanur,
• Mydukur,
• Nandalur,
• Obulavaripalle,
• Peddamudium,
• Penagalur,
• Pendlimarri,
• Porumamilla,
• Proddatur,
• Pulivendula,
• Pullampeta,
• Rajampeta,
• Railway Koduru,
• Rajupalem,
• Ramapuram,
• Rayachoti,
• Sambepalle,
• Simhadripuram,
• Sidhout,
• Sri Avudata Kasinayana,
• T.Sundupalle,
• Vallur
• Vempalle,
• Veerapunayunipalle,
• Veeraballe,
• Vemula,
• Yerraguntla,
• Thondur

Demographics

According to the 2011 census YSR district has a population of 2,884,524 ,^[9] roughly equal to the nation of Jamaica^[10] or the US state of Arkansas.^[11] This gives it a ranking of 132nd in India (out of a total of 640).^[9] The district has a population density of 188 inhabitants per square kilometre (490 /sq mi) .^[9] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 10.87 %.^[9] YSR has a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males,^[9] and a literacy rate of 67.88 %.^[9]

Culture

Tourist sites

The District is home to many temples and forts, each has its uniqueness in design and architecture with its own history.^[12][13]

1. Tallapaka... The birth place of Tallapaaka Annamayyaacharya, Telugu padakavita pitamaha. 2. Gandikota.... This is well known historical place, where several historical monuments are located. 3. Brahmayyagaari matham....Where the scripts of foretell of Veerabraham are kept. 4. Ontimitta... Where Sri Kodadanda swamy Temple is located 5. Ameen Peer Dargah are worth seeing.

Notable personalities

Dr. Y.S.Rajasekhara Reddy, Former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, stands first among the prominent people from this district.

The renowned Tallapaka Annamacharya who wrote more than Thirty two thousand sankeerthanas, was born in 1408 at Tallapaka village in Cuddapah district. He wrote the Kerthanas in chaste telugu in praise of Lord Venkateswara Swamy.

Kumaragiri Vema Reddy popularly known as Vemana (Telugu: వేమన) was a 14th century Telugu poet. His poems were written in the popular vernacular of Telugu, and are known for their use of simple language and native idioms. His poems discuss the subjects of Yoga, wisdom and morality. He is popularly called Yogi Vemana, in recognition of his success in the path of Yoga. He condemned caste system, social inequality and superstitious beliefs. Vemana Sathakam is the first Telugu Literacy work which got printed and translated into French and English languages.

Sri Potuluri Veera Brahmendra Swami (Telugu: పోతులూరి వీరబ్రహ్మేంద్రస్వామి) a Hindu mystic, born in 1610 in Kadapa district of Andra Pradesh state in India. He is the author of Kalagnana, a collection of predictions about future or prophecies, a Telugu text that predicts the arrival of Kalki in the form of Sri Veerabhoga Vasantaraya. I.L.N. Chandra Sekhar Rao, Lecturer , Writer of temples, BN Sastri awardee, Alayadarsham (feature in ANDHRABHOOMI Weekly) writer Ancient poet Bammera Pothana lived in Vontimitta, Cuddapah dist. Another famous poet Allasani Peddana was born in Cuddapah dist.

Dada Saheb Phalke Awardees B.N.Reddy and Nagi reddy.

List of prominent people in Government service:

Dr.Y.V.Reddy, Former Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

Jawahar Reddy IAS.

D Prasanth Kumar Reddy IAS

Justice K. Jayachandra Reddy - Former Supreme Court Judge, Former National Law Commission Chairman, Former Press Council of India Chairman, Member of the Expert Group appointed by United Nations.

A. V. S. Reddy, former AP State Election Commissioner

For more info regarding Kadapa city, please visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadapa

Dr.vempalli gangadhar ,popular story writer. molakala punnami,kathanam,pune prayanam,hiranya rajyam,neela deegina vaana,devarasila-books.see www.vempalligangadhar.com

Flora and fauna

The forest area is 5,050 km². It is 32.87% of the district area. It is learnt that elephants required for Golconda army were supplied from here. In the northeast part of the district rainfall is high. Red Sanders Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae), an endemic and endangered tree species of medicinal value is available in plenty in this area. This is the only area in India where Red Sanders, Often referred to as 'Rakta-chandanam' or 'Yerra-chandanam' (red sandalwood) is available. A National park is set up in Seshachalam hills for prospecting wild animals. Zuari Cements, India Cement Ltd, Corus India Ltd are the other industries.

References

1. ^ http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/departments/departments.asp?dep=25&org=168&category=about
2. ^ ^{a b} "Kadapa district". Times of India. 8 July 2010. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kadapa-district-named-after-YSR/articleshow/6142491.cms. Retrieved 8 September 2010. 
3. ^ The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 7. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908-1931 [vol. 1, 1909]. pp. 158–176. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/toc.html?volume=7. 
4. ^ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1111-1112. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. 
5. ^ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 1998-02-18. http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm. Retrieved 2011-10-11. "Prince Patrick Island 15,848" 
6. ^ "Tummalapalle uranium mill to start operation by March 2011". Article from the Times of India. WISE Uranium Project. 24 October 2010. http://www.wise-uranium.org/upinap.html. Retrieved 19 July 2011. 
7. ^ "India: 'Massive' uranium find in Andhra Pradesh". BBC News - South Asia. BBC. 19 July 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14196372. Retrieved 19 July 2011. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme". National Institute of Rural Development. http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf. Retrieved September 27, 2011. 
9. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php. Retrieved 2011-09-30. 
10. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html. Retrieved 2011-10-01. "Jamaica 2,868,380 July 2011 est" 
11. ^ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php. Retrieved 2011-09-30. "Arkansas 2,915,918" 
12. ^ http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2425/stories/20080104242511400.htm
13. ^ http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2425/stories/20080104242512000.htm

External links

• An exclusive informatic portal
• Largest Viewed Website of Kadapa district
• Website about Kadapa district