Assassination of Benazir Bhutto

Assassination of Benazir Bhutto
2007 Benazir Bhutto assassination
Location Liaquat National Bagh, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Date 27 December 2007
Target Benazir Bhutto
Attack type Suicide attack[1]
Shooting
Bombing[2]
Death(s) At least 24[3]

The assassination of Benazir Bhutto occurred on 27 December 2007 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Bhutto, twice Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990; 1993–1996) and then-leader of the opposition Pakistan Peoples Party, had been campaigning ahead of elections due in January 2008.[1][4][5] Shots were fired at her after a political rally at Liaquat National Bagh, and a suicide bomb was detonated immediately following the shooting. She was declared dead at 18:16 local time (13:16 UTC), at Rawalpindi General Hospital. Twenty-four other people were killed by the bombing.[3] Bhutto had previously survived a similar attempt on her life that killed at least 139 people, after her return from exile two months earlier.

Though early reports indicated that she had been hit by shrapnel or the gunshots,[6][7] the Pakistani Interior Ministry initially stated that Bhutto died of a skull fracture sustained when the force of the explosion caused her head to strike the sunroof of the vehicle.[8] Bhutto's aides rejected this version, and argued instead that she suffered two gunshots before the bomb detonation.[9] The Interior Ministry subsequently backtracked from its previous claim.[10] However, a follow-up investigation by Scotland Yard found that while gunshots were fired, they were not the cause of death, agreeing with the Interior Ministry's original assessment that the explosion forced her head into the roof of the vehicle.

In May 2007, Bhutto asked for additional protection from foreign contracting agencies Blackwater and the British firm Armor Group. The United Nation's investigation of the incident revealed that,"Ms. Bhutto's assassination could have been prevented if adequate security measures had been taken."[11]

Contents

Background

Benazir Bhutto, September 2004

Bhutto had opted for self-exile while her court cases for corruption remained pending in foreign and Pakistani courts.[12] After eight years in exile in Dubai and London, Bhutto returned to Karachi on 18 October 2007 to prepare for the 2008 national elections, allowed by a possible power-sharing deal with President Pervez Musharraf.[5][13]

Bhutto survived an assassination attempt in Karachi during this homecoming.[5][14][15] En route to a rally in Karachi on 18 October 2007, two explosions occurred shortly after she had landed and left Jinnah International Airport returning from her exile.[16] Bhutto was not injured, but the explosions, later found to be a suicide-bomb attack, killed 139 people and injured at least 450.[16][17] The dead included at least 50 of the security guards from her Pakistan Peoples Party, who had formed a human chain around her truck to keep potential bombers away, as well as six police officers.[18] A number of senior officials were injured. Bhutto was escorted unharmed from the scene.[18]

After the bombing Bhutto and her husband asked Musharraf for greater security, including tinted windows, jammers for bombs, private guards, and four police vehicles. These calls were echoed by three U.S. Senators who wrote to Musharraf. Bhutto's supporters and the Pakistani government dispute whether or not she was provided adequate protection.[19] The Israeli newspaper Maariv reported that Bhutto further asked the United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Britain's Scotland Yard, and Israel's Mossad several weeks before the assassination to help provide for her protection. Israel had not yet decided whether or not to provide aid because it did not want to upset relations with Pakistan and India.[20] Bhutto also tried to obtain private security personnel, approaching both the U.S.-based Blackwater and UK-based ArmorGroup. However, the Pakistani government refused to give visas to the foreign security contractors. Despite this, American diplomats provided Bhutto with confidential U.S. intelligence on threats against her.[21] After the assassination, President Musharraf denied that Bhutto should have received more security, saying that her death was primarily her own fault because she took "unnecessary risks" and should have exited the rally more quickly.[22]

Assassination

Benazir Bhutto had just addressed a rally of Pakistan Peoples Party supporters in the city of Rawalpindi when the rally was rocked by a blast. Bhutto was leaving the rally when the attack occurred.[5] Initial police reports stated that one or more assassins fired at Bhutto's bulletproof white Toyota Land Cruiser just as she was about to drive off after the rally.[23] A suicide bomber detonating a bomb next to her vehicle followed.[24] According to Getty Images photographer John Moore, Bhutto was standing through her vehicle's sunroof to wave at supporters, and fell back inside after two gunshots.[7][25] The Times of India aired an amateur clip showing the assassin firing three gun shots at Bhutto before the blast.[26]

Following the incident, an unconscious Bhutto was taken to the Rawalpindi General Hospital at 17:35 local time,[27] where doctors led by Rawalpindi Medical College Principal Mohammad Musaddiq Khan tried to resuscitate her, performing a "left anterolateral thoracotomy for open cardiac massage".[28] Sadiq Khan, Mohammad Khan's father, had tried to save Liaquat Ali Khan when he was assassinated in the same park and rushed to the same hospital in 1951.[29] Although Pakistan Peoples Party spokesman Farhatullah Babar initially said that Bhutto was safe, she was declared dead at 18:16 local time (13:16 UTC).[5][30][31]

Cause of death

Bhutto's cause of death has been much discussed and debated. Some commentators have suggested that this debate has been motivated by attempts to define Bhutto's legacy: perhaps Bhutto would be considered a martyr if she died by gunshot, but not if she died by hitting her head following a bomb blast.[32][33] Others have asserted that the arguments against a death by gunshot were intended to blunt criticism that she was not adequately protected.[33]

Initial reports based on Pakistani Interior Ministry information reported that Bhutto was killed by a gunshot wound to the neck. Rehman Malik, a security adviser for Pakistan Peoples Party, suggested that the killer opened fire as Bhutto left the rally and that he hit her in the neck and chest before he detonated the explosives he was wearing. Javed Cheema, an interior ministry spokesman, stated that her injuries were caused either by her having been shot or from pellets packed into the detonated bomb that acted as shrapnel.[34]

On 28 December, however, the cause of Bhutto's death became less clear. Pakistan's Interior Ministry announced that they now felt Bhutto's death was as a result of a neck fracture sustained when she ducked or fell into her vehicle and hit the sunroof catch immediately after the gunshots but later reported her cause of death as a skull fracture.[35][36][37] According to an Associated Press report, the Ministry stated "Bhutto was killed when she tried to duck back into the vehicle, and the shock waves from the blast knocked her head into a lever attached to the sunroof, fracturing her skull". The Ministry further added, in contradiction of the official hospital account, that Bhutto suffered no gunshot or shrapnel injuries and that all gunshots missed her.[37]

Pakistan Peoples Party spokesman Farhatullah Babar rejected claims that Bhutto's death was caused by an accident. Bhutto’s lawyer and a senior official in the Pakistan Peoples Party, Farooq Naik, said that the report was "baseless" and "a pack of lies".[38] He went on to support the view that the cause of death was two bullets hitting Bhutto in the abdomen and the head.[38] An anonymous Toyota official also rejected the notion that she could have even hit the lever based on its location in the car (a Toyota Land Cruiser).[39]

In statements made to Pakistan's The News, Mohammad Mussadiq Khan, one of the doctors who treated Bhutto at Rawalpindi General Hospital, described severe and depressed skull fractures, oval in overall shape, on the right side of Bhutto's head.[40] He apparently saw no other injuries and downplayed the possibility of bullet wounds,[41] although he had previously spoken of them.[42] One anonymous doctor said that Pakistani authorities took Bhutto's medical records immediately after her death, and that they told doctors to stop talking.[42]

On 31 December, Athar Minallah of the Rawalpindi General Hospital released a statement (described as "clinical notes") signed by seven persons involved in Bhutto's treatment at the hospital.[43][44][45] These persons were not pathologists and did not conduct a formal autopsy. The statement first narrates the course of treatment, from Bhutto's arrival at the hospital until she was declared dead. The second part of the statement details the head wound and notes that "Detailed external examination of the body did not reveal any other external injury". X-rays had been taken of the head wound and were interpreted in the statement. The cause of death was declared to be "Open head injury with depressed skull fracture, leading to cardiopulmonary arrest".

According to The Washington Post, the crime scene was cleared before any forensic examination could be completed and no formal autopsy was performed before burial.[46] Doctors had asked permission to perform an autopsy, but this request was denied by the Rawalpindi chief of police.[47] According to the BBC, Brigadier Cheema claims "We gave you absolute facts…corroborated by the doctors' report," and that Pakistan would allow her body to be exhumed.[48] Bhutto's husband later confirmed that he had denied a request for an autopsy to be conducted citing fears the report would be manipulated.[49]

On 1 January 2008, Pakistan's Interior Ministry backtracked on its statement that Benazir Bhutto had died from hitting her head on the sunroof latch. Ministry spokesman, Javed Iqbal Cheema said that the ministry would wait for forensic investigations before making a conclusion on Bhutto's cause of death.[50]

On 8 February 2008, investigators from Scotland Yard concluded that Benazir Bhutto died after hitting her head as she was tossed by the force of a suicide blast, not from an assassin’s bullet.[51] In the report, UK Home Office pathologist Dr. Nathaniel Cary said that while a gunshot wound to her head or trunk could not be entirely excluded as a possibility, "the only tenable cause for the rapidly fatal head injury in this case is that it occurred as the result of impact due to the effects of the bomb-blast."[52] The findings were consistent with the Pakistani government’s explanation of Bhutto’s assassination, an account that had been greeted with disbelief by Ms. Bhutto’s supporters.

Funeral

Bhutto's funeral occurred on the afternoon of 28 December 2007. Her body was moved from Chaklala Airbase in Rawalpindi to Sukkur Airport on 28 December at 1:20 a.m. Both her children and her husband travelled with her body. Earlier they reached Chaklala Air Base by a special flight to get her body.[5] Mourners from all over Pakistan made their way to Larkana to take part in the funeral ceremony for the former Prime Minister. The family delivered the body to its site of burial via helicopter. Bhutto was laid to rest beside her father in the family tomb.[53]

Aftermath

Riots

Burned buildings with broken windows in Karachi, following rioting

After Bhutto's death, supporters wept and broke the hospital's glass doors, threw stones at cars, and reportedly chanted "Dog, Musharraf, dog" outside the hospital, referring to President Musharraf.[5][24][54] Others attacked police and burned election campaign posters and tyres.[55] Some opposition groups said that the assassination could lead to civil war, and other commentators said that the upcoming elections would likely be postponed.[56]

Demonstrations were widespread in Pakistan with police using tear gas and batons to break up angry demonstrations in Peshawar.[5] Some protesters torched the billboards of Musharraf, firing in the air and screaming. Protests in Multan also had protesters burning tires and blocking traffic. Similar scenes were witnessed in Karachi, Bhutto's hometown.[57] Police in Sindh were put on red alert.[58] Two police officers were shot in Karachi during the riots following the assassination.[59]

Musharraf ordered a crack down on rioters and looters to ensure safety and security.[48] The Pakistan Rangers announced shoot-on-sight orders against anyone inciting violence or arson, although attempts to avoid direct confrontation were maintained. On 28 December the riots deteriorated, especially in the Sindh Province, the homeground of Bhutto. Foreign outlets, trains, banks and vehicles were destroyed or burned and protesters took over the streets, chanting slogans and setting tires on fire in several cities. At least 47 people died in the riots.[60] Rioters destroyed 176 banks, 34 gasoline stations and hundreds of cars and shops.[60] News of Bhutto's death was heard with a great shock and there was immediate mass anger that erupted in all parts of Pakistan. December 28 was the first day of a general strike called by many groups, ranging from political parties to various professional groups.

Then it was the banks mainly in Sind. They were attacked and the buildings were burned in many cities of Sind. Most of the automated teller machines were destroyed. In some places, people were lucky to bring some money home.

Hundreds of private buses were burned in all parts of the country. There were also incidents of burning of trains in Sind. According to the Daily Jang, "28 railway stations, 13 railway engines and seven trains have been burned resulting over three billion rupees loss. The whole rail system has collapsed since the night of December 27. Thousands of passengers are on the railway stations waiting for restoration. There is no sign of restoration for some days. Thousands of private cars have been damaged all over Pakistan by the angry mobs, mainly youth. The houses and offices of politicians, local government mayors and administration are the other victims of the mass reaction. They have either been burned or damaged."

Over 100 people died in the incidents related to mass protest, either by police or in the crossfire of different groups.

Pakistan Peoples Party

Bhutto's son, Bilawal Zardari, read her instructions on the future of the Pakistan Peoples Party on 30 December.[61] He was appointed Chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party on 30 December 2007 in accordance with his mother's wish,[62] and his father will be co-chairman.[63]

Elections and electoral fraud report

Main article: Pakistani general election, 2008

Pakistan's election commission met on 31 December to decide whether or not to delay the January elections; two days before they hinted that they would need to because pre-election preparation had been "adversely affected".[64] A senior election commission official subsequently announced that the election would be delayed until "the later part of February".[65]

Senator Latif Khosa, one of Bhutto's top aides, reported that she was planning to divulge evidence of fraud in the upcoming election following the event where the assassination took place. The pair co-wrote a 160-page dossier on the subject, with Bhutto outlining tactics she alleged would be put into play, including intimidation, excluding voters and fake ballots being planted in boxes. The report was titled Yet another stain on the face of democracy. In a statement he made on 1 January 2008, Khosa said:

“ The state agencies are manipulating the whole process, there is rigging by the ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence), the Election Commission and the previous government, which is still continuing to hold influence. They were on the rampage.[66] ”

Khosa said that they had planned to give the dossier to two American law-makers on the evening of her assassination and release it publicly soon after that. One of the claims in the dossier was that US financial aid had been secretly misappropriated for electoral fraud and another was that the ISI has a 'mega-computer' which could hack into any other computer and was connected to the Election Commission's system. A spokesman for President Musharraf called the claims "ridiculous".[66]

In the run up to the election, the 'sympathy vote' was considered crucial for the Pakistan Peoples Party, which was expected to win the National Assembly.[67][68] The election results yielded a majority for the Pakistan Peoples Party in the National Assembly, and in the Provincial Assembly of Sindh.[69]

Economy

Following a three-day shut-down, the benchmark index, the KSE100 index, of the Karachi Stock Exchange fell 4.7%. The Pakistani rupee fell to its lowest level against the U.S. dollar since October 2001.[70] The stock exchange has a history of recovering after political unrest.[71] The Pakistan Railways suffered losses of PKR 12.3 billion as a direct result of riots following the assassination.[72] 63 railway stations, 149 bogies, and 29 locomotives were damaged within two days of Bhutto's death.[73] In the first four days after the assassination, Karachi suffered losses of US$1 billion.[72] By the fifth day, the cost of country wide violence amounted to 8% of the GDP.[74]

Responsibility

On 27 December, al-Qaeda commander Mustafa Abu al-Yazid is said to have claimed responsibility for the assassination, telling several news outlets that "We terminated the most precious American asset which vowed to defeat [the] mujahideen."[75] In his statement to the media, he further claimed that al-Yazid stated that al-Qaeda second-in-command Ayman al-Zawahiri ordered the killing in October 2007.[76] Asia Times Online also reported that it had received a claim of responsibility from al-Yazid by telephone.[77] U.S. intelligence officials have said that they cannot confirm this claim of responsibility.[78] Nonetheless, U.S. analysts have said that al-Qaeda was a likely, or even prime suspect.[78][79] For its part, the Pakistani Interior Ministry (of the previous Musharraf administration) stated that it had proof that al-Qaeda was behind the assassination, stating "that the suicide bomber belonged to Lashkar-e-Jhangvi – an al Qaeda-linked Sunni Muslim militant group that the government has blamed for hundreds of killings".[37][80] The Interior Ministry also claimed to have intercepted a statement by militant leader Baitullah Mehsud, said to be linked to al-Qaeda, in which he congratulated his followers for carrying out the assassination.[81][82] On 29 December a Mehsud spokesman told the Associated Press that Mehsud was not involved in the assassination:[83] "I strongly deny it. Tribal people have their own customs. We don't strike women. It is a conspiracy by government, military and intelligence agencies."[84] The Pakistan Peoples Party also called the government's blame of Mehsud a diversion: "The story that al-Qaida or Baitullah Mehsud did it appears to us to be a planted story, an incorrect story, because they want to divert the attention," said Farhatullah Babar, a spokesman for Bhutto's party.[83][85] On 18 January 2008, CIA Director Michael Hayden claimed that Mehsud and his network was responsible.[86]

Bhutto, in a letter to Musharraf written on 16 October 2007, named four persons involved in an alleged plot to kill her: current Intelligence Bureau (IB) Chief Ijaz Shah, former chief minister of Punjab Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi, former chief minister of Sindh Arbab Ghulam Rahim, and the former ISI chief, Hamid Gul, as those who posed a threat to her life.[87] British newspaper The Times suggested that elements[who?] within the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence with close ties to Islamists might have been behind the killing, though it asserts that Musharraf would have been unlikely to have ordered the assassination.[88] October 2007 emails from Bhutto saying she would blame Musharraf for her death if she were killed, because the Musharraf government was not providing adequate security, were also published after Bhutto's death.[19][89][90] Soon after the killing, many of Bhutto's supporters believed that the Musharraf government was involved in the assassination.[91] On 30 December Scotland on Sunday quoted MI5 sources saying that factions of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence may be responsible for the assassination.[92] Bhutto anticipated that three senior allies of President Musharraf were out to kill her in a secret email to Foreign Secretary David Miliband written weeks before her death.[93]

Reactions

Pakistani government

According to state television, Musharraf held an emergency cabinet meeting after he received word of the blast. He then addressed the nation, saying that "We shall not rest till we tackle this problem and eliminate all the terrorists. This is the only way the nation will be able to move forward, otherwise this will be the biggest obstacle to our advancement."[94] In a televised address, President Musharraf publicly condemned the killing of Bhutto, proclaiming a three-day mourning period with all national flags at half mast.[95] Mahmud Ali Durrani, the Pakistani ambassador to the United States, called Bhutto's death "a national tragedy" and stated that "... we have lost one of our important, very important and, I would stress, liberal leaders."[31]

Opposition

Nawaz Sharif (pictured in 1998) expressed his solidarity with Bhutto's family and political workers.

Nawaz Sharif was the first mainstream political leader to reach the hospital and express his solidarity with Bhutto's family and political workers.[96] He vowed to "fight your [Bhutto's] war from now on" and calling the day of her assassination the "darkest, gloomiest day in the history of this country".[94][97] Despite extreme political enmity between the two leaders during the 1990s, both vowed to introduce politics of tolerance before returning from exile and had earlier signed the Charter of Democracy. After signing the charter, they said that they would work for an end to the rule of President Musharraf.[98] Earlier in the day, Nawaz Sharif's political meeting had also been shot at, resulting in the death of four people.[99] Later that day Sharif demanded that Musharraf "quit immediately" and said that the Pakistan Muslim League (N), his political party, would boycott the January elections.[100]

Chairman Imran Khan of the Tehreek-e-Insaf party strongly condemned the assassination of Benazir Bhutto. "It is a dastardly act designed to destabilise Pakistan with the government responsible for not providing her security though she was demanding it. We must fight this menace of terrorism. It is a black day in the history of Pakistan and an irreparable loss to this country," Khan said.[101]

Pakistan Peoples Party Washington, DC chapter president Javaid Manzoor said, "We [Bhutto's supporters] are shocked. We are stunned. Every single one of us is mourning the loss of our leader," also stating that he believed that the next election, scheduled for 8 January would be cancelled.[24] Pakistan Peoples Party senior vice chairman Ameen Faheem later called for a 40-day period of mourning across Pakistan.[102] Pakistan Peoples Party spokesman Farhatullah Babar said the Pakistan Peoples Party was unhappy with the government's declaration of the death coming as a result of an accident and said that the Pakistan Peoples Party wanted to see a change in the direction of the investigation. He called for an independent inquiry into the assassination by international experts. He also said that "had the government accepted our demand of conducting an inquiry into Karachi’s 18 October blast by international experts, this incident would not have happened."[103]

International reaction

U.S. President George W. Bush condemned the assassination in a 27 December press conference.
Main article: International reaction to the assassination of Benazir Bhutto

Bhutto's assassination was met with widespread condemnation by members of the international community,[94] including Pakistan's regional neighbours Afghanistan,[94] China,[104] India,[94][105] Bangladesh,[106] and Iran.[31][94][107] Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh praised Bhutto's efforts for the improvement of Indo-Pakistani relations.[94][105] The United Nations Security Council held an emergency meeting and unanimously condemned the assassination,[108] a call echoed by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.[109] Both European Union President José Manuel Barroso and U.S. President George W. Bush also expressed the hope that Pakistan would continue on the path of democracy.[31][94][110]

See also

Portal icon Pakistan portal
Portal icon Politics portal
Portal icon Criminal justice portal


References

  1. ^ a b "Bhutto 'wounded in suicide blast'". BBC News. 27 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7161489.stm. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  2. ^ Moore, Matthew; Henry, Emma (28 December 2007). "Benazir Bhutto killed in gun and bomb attack". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/12/27/wbhutto527.xml. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  3. ^ a b "Bhutto exhumation OK, Pakistan official says". CNN. 29 December 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/29/bhutto.death/index.html. Retrieved 1 March 2008. 
  4. ^ "Pakistan's Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto Assassinated". VOA News (Voice of America). 27 December 2007. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080709160914/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-27-voa12.cfm. Retrieved 27 December 2008. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "Benazir Bhutto killed in attack". BBC News. 27 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7161590.stm. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  6. ^ Ahmed, Munir (Associated Press) (28 December 2007). "Pakistan: Al-Qaida Behind Bhutto Killing". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 14 February 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080214104213/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/12/25/international/i120815S15.DTL. Retrieved 5 March 2008. 
  7. ^ a b "Benazir Bhutto assassinated". CNN. 28 December 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/27/pakistan.bhutto/index.html. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  8. ^ "Bhutto died after hitting sun roof". CNN. 28 December 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/28/pakistan.friday/index.html. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  9. ^ Agence France-Presse. "Bhutto death explanation 'pack of lies'". Herald Sun. http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22983841-1702,00.html. Retrieved 28 December 2007. [dead link]
  10. ^ Press Trust of India (1 January 2008). "Pak Govt makes U-turn on cause of Bhutto's death". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Pak_govt_makes_U-turn_on_cause_of_Bhuttos_death/articleshow/2666486.cms. Retrieved 5 March 2008. 
  11. ^ Till, Brian. "Could the U.S. Have Prevented Benazir Bhutto's Death?". The Atlantic. The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/05/could-the-us-have-prevented-benazir-bhuttos-death/239282/. Retrieved 30 May 2011. 
  12. ^ Talpur, Parveen (10 December 2007). "Pakistan's fragile future". Press & Sun-Bulletin. http://www.pressconnects.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071210/OPINION/712100307/1005/OPINION. Retrieved 27 December 2007. [dead link]
  13. ^ "Supporters flock to Karachi for Bhutto's return". CBC News. 17 October 2007. http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/10/17/bhutto.html. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  14. ^ Gall, Carlotta; Masood, Salman (19 October 2007). "Bomb Attack Kills Scores in Pakistan as Bhutto Returns". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/19/world/asia/19pakistan.html. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  15. ^ "Death toll rises in Bhutto attack". CNN. 19 October 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/10/18/pakistan.explosions/index.html. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  16. ^ a b Narayana, Nagesh; Cutler, David (27 December 2007). "Chronology: Attacks in Pakistan since July 2007". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSSP260961. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  17. ^ "Attack on Bhutto convoy kills 130". BBC News. 19 October 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7051804.stm. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  18. ^ a b Bowley, Graham (20 October 2007). "After Bombing, Bhutto Assails Officials' Ties". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/20/world/asia/20Pakistan.html?pagewanted=2. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  19. ^ a b "Bhutto said she'd blame Musharraf if killed". CNN. 28 December 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/27/bhutto.security. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  20. ^ Julian, Hana Levi (28 October 2007). "Israel, US, Britain Ignored Bhutto Appeals for Protection". Arutz Sheva. http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/124733. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  21. ^ Sherwell, Philip (30 December 2007). "Bhutto 'blocked from hiring US bodyguards'". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/12/30/wbhutto230.xml. Retrieved 30 December 2007. 
  22. ^ "Musharraf: Bhutto Knew Of Risks". 60 Minutes. 6 January 2008. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/05/60minutes/main3678203.shtml. Retrieved 5 March 2008. 
  23. ^ Moreau, Ron (28 December 2007). "Can Musharraf Survive?". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/82179. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  24. ^ a b c "Bhutto killed in suicide attack". Al Jazeera. 27 December 2007. http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:CI51yz1nz7kJ:english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/737B73AE-EE5D-4C41-8CA2-04B356FBCBC.htm+%22Bhutto+killed+in+suicide+attack%22+site:aljazeera.net&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  25. ^ Moore, John (interview by Patrick Witty, production by Thomas Lin) (27 December 2007). "The Assassination of Benazir Bhutto". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/world/20071227_BHUTTO_FEATURE/index.html. Retrieved 5 March 2007. 
  26. ^ "Visuals of attack on Benazir". Times of India. December 2007. http://broadband.indiatimes.com/videoshow/2660784.cms. Retrieved 5 March 2007. 
  27. ^ "Resuscitation bid failed". Dawn. 28 December 2007. http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/28/top2.htm. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  28. ^ "Pak govt reveals how Benazir was killed". CNN-IBN. 28 December 2007. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/pak-govt-reveals-how-benazir-was-killed/55195-2.html. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  29. ^ "Doctor relives father's fate after Bhutto attack". Reuters. 30 December 2007. http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-31172420071230. Retrieved 20 December 2007. 
  30. ^ Stratton, Allegra (27 December 2007). "Benazir Bhutto assassinated at rally". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/pakistan/Story/0,,2232459,00.html. Retrieved 17 December 2007. 
  31. ^ a b c d "Bhutto's death heightens democracy concerns". CNN. 28 December 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/27/bhutto.reaction/. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  32. ^ "How did Pakistan's Bhutto die?". CNN. 29 December 2007. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080307094019/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/28/bhutto.death/index.html. Retrieved 15 March 2008. 
  33. ^ a b Shah, Saeed (29 December 2007). "Blame game begins amid fury". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20071229.wbhuttomain1229/BNStory/International. Retrieved 15 March 2007. 
  34. ^ Hussain, Zahid; Page, Jeremy (28 December 2007). "Benazir Bhutto assassinated at political rally in Pakistan". London: The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article3099534.ece. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  35. ^ "Bhutto buried amid mass mourning". BBC News. 28 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7162236.stm. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  36. ^ "Bhutto killing blamed on al-Qaeda". BBC News. 28 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7163307.stm. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  37. ^ a b c "Pakistan: Fractured skull killed Bhutto". CNN. 28 December 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/28/pakistan.friday/index.html. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  38. ^ a b "Benazir aide says govt explanation ‘pack of lies’". Dawn. 28 December 2007. http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/29/top6.htm. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  39. ^ Indo-Asian News Service (30 December 2007). "Sunroof injury couldn't kill Bhutto: Toyota official". DNA. http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1142315. Retrieved 5 March 2008. 
  40. ^ Medical report of Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto. (2007, 27 December). The Washington Post. Retrieved 31 December 2007.
  41. ^ "Open head injury caused BB’s death". The News. 29 December 2007. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080117115436/http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=88394. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  42. ^ a b Wax, Emily; Witte, Griff (1 January 2008). "Doctors Cite Pressure to Keep Silent On Bhutto". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2007/12/31/ST2007123102506.html?hpid=topnews. Retrieved 1 January 2008. 
  43. ^ "Lawyer: Police prevented Bhutto autopsy". CNN. 31 December 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/01/01/pakistan.autopsy/index.html. Retrieved 1 January 2008. 
  44. ^ "Medical Report of Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto" (PDF). CNN. 31 December 2007. http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2007/images/12/31/bhutto.report.pdf. Retrieved 1 January 2008. 
  45. ^ "Bhutto Medical Report". Chicago Tribune. 31 December 2007. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi071231bhutto_wgfx,1,1977937.htmlpage. Retrieved 1 January 2008. 
  46. ^ Witte, Griff (29 December 2007). "Masses Mourn Bhutto as Unrest Spreads". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/28/AR2007122800200.html. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  47. ^ Perlez, Jane (30 December 2007). "Request for Bhutto autopsy was denied, doctors say". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/12/30/asia/pakistan.php. Retrieved 30 December 2007. 
  48. ^ a b Musharraf cracks down on rioters, BBC News, Last Updated: Saturday, 29 December 2007, 14:57 UTC
  49. ^ "Bhutto murder: Key questions". BBC News. 8 February 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7165892.stm. Retrieved 2 March 2008. 
  50. ^ "Ministry backtracks on Bhutto sunroof claims". CNN. 1 January 2008. http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/01/01/pakistan.autopsy/index.html. Retrieved 1 January 2008. 
  51. ^ Schmitt, Eric; Masood, Salman (8 February 2008). "Head Injury Killed Bhutto, Report Said to Find". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/08/world/asia/08bhutto.html. Retrieved 5 March 2008. 
  52. ^ Scotland Yard (8 February 2008). "Scotland Yard Statement on Bhutto Report". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120246987508353681.html?mod=Asian-Business-News. Retrieved 8 February 2008. 
  53. ^ "Bhutto buried next to her father's grave". The Economic Times. 28 December 2007. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Bhutto_buried_next_to_her_fathers_grave/articleshow/2659296.cms. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  54. ^ "Bhutto Killed in Bomb Attack". Spiegel. 27 December 2007. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,525508,00.html. Retrieved 21 November 2008. 
  55. ^ Jan, Sadaqat; Khan, Zarar (Associated Press) (27 December 2007). "Pakistan's Bhutto killed in attack". Yahoo! Finance. http://biz.yahoo.com/ap/071227/pakistan.html?.v=3. Retrieved 27 December 2007. [dead link]
  56. ^ "Bhutto killing 'could start civil war'". Yorkshire Post. 27 December 2007. http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Bhutto-killing-39could-start-civil.3623250.jp. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  57. ^ Agence France-Presse (28 December 2007). "Pakistan police tear gas protest". Melbourne: The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/pakistan-police-tear-gas-protest/2007/12/28/1198345171832.html. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  58. ^ Anthony, Augustine (Reuters) (27 December 2007). "Pakistan's Bhutto assassinated in gun, bomb attack". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2007/12/27/pakistans_bhutto_assassinated_in_gun_bomb_attack/. Retrieved 2 March 2008. [dead link]
  59. ^ Associated Press (27 December 2007). "Bhutto Assassination Throws Pakistan Into Chaos". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,318510,00.html. Retrieved 5 March 2008. 
  60. ^ a b "Bhutto's Party To Decide Successor". Al Jazeera English. 30 December 2007. http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3B2626BC-33E6-4004-A27E-70BAC1770563.htm. Retrieved 30 December 2007. 
  61. ^ Agence France-Presse (29 December 2007). "Bhutto note on party's future to be read on Sunday: husband". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=e934b863-ee39-4a5b-ba0e-7b5474b768fb&MatchID1=4617&TeamID1=3&TeamID2=4&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1163&PrimaryID=4617&Headline='Bhutto+note+on+party's+future+to+be+read+on+Sunday'. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  62. ^ "Bhutto's Son Given Top Party Job". Sky News. http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,70131-1298715,00.html. Retrieved 30 December 2007. 
  63. ^ "Bhutto's son, husband to be co-leaders of party". Reuters. 30 December 2007. http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-31174520071230. Retrieved 30 December 2007. 
  64. ^ "Pakistan says turmoil after Bhutto death could delay vote". Agence France-Presse. 29 December 2007. http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5icsQbmqoVemEy4Fm6QlKRnIoJFug. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  65. ^ Agence France-Presse (1 January 2008). "Pakistan election to be held in February". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22994503-23109,00.html. Retrieved 1 January 2008. [dead link]
  66. ^ a b Reuters (1 January 2008). "Bhutto had 'proof' of poll-rigging plan". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/01/01/2129959.htm. Retrieved 2 January 2008. 
  67. ^ Birsel, Robert Bhutto sympathy vote seen key to Pakistan election. The Daily Mirror. 2 February 2008. Retrieved on 7 March 2008
  68. ^ Sappenfield, Mark (14 February 2008). "Bhutto's legacy propels Pakistan People's Party ahead of election". Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0214/p06s01-wosc.html. Retrieved 7 March 2008. 
  69. ^ Cameron-Moore, Simon Pakistan's Musharraf could face end, analysts say. Reuters. 19 February 2008. Retrieved on 7 March 2008
  70. ^ "Pakistan election decision on Tuesday, stocks fall". Dawn. 31 December 2007. http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/31/welcome.htm. Retrieved 7 April 2008. 
  71. ^ "Karachi shares fall after killing". BBC News. 31 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7165520.stm. Retrieved 2 March 2008. 
  72. ^ a b Bhutto death is a further blow to Pakistan economy. International Herald Tribune. 2 January 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2008
  73. ^ Yasin, Amir Railways suffer Rs 10bn loss in two days. The Daily Times. 30 December 2007. Retrieved on 7 March 2008
  74. ^ "Violence losses amount to 8% of GDP". The Daily Times. 12 January 2008. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\01\12\story_12-1-2008_pg5_10. Retrieved 7 March 2008. 
  75. ^ "'We assassinated America's precious asset,' boasts top al Qaeda commander". London: Daily Mail. 29 December 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/worldnews.html?in_article_id=504838&in_page_id=1811. Retrieved 7 April 2008. 
  76. ^ "Pakistan: Al-Qaeda claims Bhutto's death". Adnkronos International. 27 December 2007. http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=1.0.1710322437. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  77. ^ Shahzad, Syed Saleem (27 December 2007). "Al-Qaeda claims Bhutto killing". Asia Times Online. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/IL29Df01.html. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  78. ^ a b Ross, Brian (27 December 2007). "U.S. Checking al Qaeda Claim of Killing Bhutto". ABC News. http://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/12/us-checking-al.html. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  79. ^ Mikkelsen, Randall (27 December 2007). "UPDATE 1-Al Qaeda leads suspect list in Bhutto killing". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKN2743384120071227. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  80. ^ "U.S. suspects Taliban leader behind Bhutto plot". CNN. 28 December 2007. Archived from the original on 29 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071229124930/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/28/bhutto.dhs.alqaeda/index.html. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  81. ^ Fletcher, Martin (29 December 2007). "Named: the al-Qaeda chief who ‘masterminded murder’". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article3105443.ece. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  82. ^ Khan, Ashraf (28 December 2007). "Bhutto Buried As Pakistan Unrest Spreads". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080119200840/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20071228/bhutto-buried-as-pakistan-unrest-spreads.htm. Retrieved 7 March 2008. 
  83. ^ a b Nessman, Ravi (29 December 2007). "Pakistan militants, Bhutto aides allege government coverup in assassination". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071231214132/http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/capress/071229/world/pakistan_bhutto_34. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  84. ^ "I didn't kill Benazir Bhutto". Times Now. 29 December 2007. Archived from the original on 30 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071230230332/http://timesnow.tv/NewsDtls.aspx?NewsID=5173. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  85. ^ "Fighters deny Bhutto killing link". Al Jazeera English. 29 December 2007. http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3DFBFF6A-8916-4F25-8EC3-B3D695365371.htm. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  86. ^ "CIA boss names Bhutto's killers". BBC News. 18 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7195591.stm. Retrieved 18 January 2008. 
  87. ^ Shakeel, Syed Faisal (30 December 2007). "PPP demands probe based on Benazir’s letter". Dawn. http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/30/top12.htm. Retrieved 30 December 2007. 
  88. ^ Page, Jeremy (27 December 2007). "Main suspects are warlords and security forces". London: The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article3100052.ece. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  89. ^ "Bhutto Blamed Musharraf for Lack of Security". National Public Radio. 27 December 2007. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17654781. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  90. ^ Eisenberg, Carol (29 December 2007). "Email queries security shortfall". Melbourne: The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/email-queries-security-shortfall/2007/12/28/1198778704809.html. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  91. ^ David, Ruth Bhutto Supporters Blame Musharraf. Forbes.com. Retrieved on 1 March 2008
  92. ^ Elias, Richard; Watson, Jeremy (30 December 2007). "Bhutto murder blamed on Pakistan agents". Scotland on Sunday. http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/latestnews/Bhutto-murder-blamed-on-Pakistan.3628362.jp. Retrieved 30 December 2007. 
  93. ^ Walters, Simon (30 December 2007). "Bhutto email named killers weeks before assassination". London: Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/worldnews.html?in_article_id=505152&in_page_id=1811. Retrieved 30 December 2007. 
  94. ^ a b c d e f g h "Reactions to Bhutto assassination". BBC News. 27 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7161660.stm. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  95. ^ Qayum, Khalid (27 December 2007). "'Musharraf Condemns Bhutto's Killing, Announces 3-Day Mourning". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aIC81NAI_.4k&refer=home. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  96. ^ Saeed, Abrar (27 December 2007). "Musharraf's policies responsible: Nawaz". The Nation. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071231063142/http://www.nation.com.pk/daily/dec-2007/28/index2.php. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  97. ^ "Sharif vows to fight Bhutto's 'war'". Independent Online. 27 December 2007. http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3&art_id=nw20071227162556478C713210. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  98. ^ "'Democracy charter' for Pakistan". BBC News. 15 May 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4771769.stm. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  99. ^ Reuters (27 December 2007). "'Four dead, several hurt in Pakistan election violence". Dawn. http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/27/welcome.htm. Retrieved 7 March 2008. 
  100. ^ Khan, Zarar (Reuters) (15 May 2006). "Sharif's Party to Boycott Elections". Brietbart. http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8TPV9EO0&show_article=1. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  101. ^ "A black day for Pak". Times Now. 28 December 2007. Archived from the original on 30 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071230194743/http://www.timesnow.tv/NewsDtls.aspx?NewsID=5161. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  102. ^ Wasim, Amir (27 December 2007). "PPP announces 40-day mourning". Dawn. http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/28/top4.htm. Retrieved 5 March 2008. 
  103. ^ Raza, Syed Irfan (28 December 2007). "Govt gives new twist to probe: Al Qaeda blamed for killing". Dawn. http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/29/top5.htm. Retrieved 29 December 2007. 
  104. ^ "Global outrage over assassination". Al Jazeera. 27 December 2007. http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/E933FBE1-6592-4764-A41F-17762EA7ABF8.htm. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  105. ^ a b Chaudhury, Nilova Roy (27 December 2007). "India expresses shock, horror at Bhutto's assassination". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/FullcoverageStoryPage.aspx?id=481be59c-a0d8-4224-b0ce-5a5a0fc97fb2Benazirassassinated_Special&MatchID1=4625&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1165&MatchID2=4617&TeamID3=3&TeamID4=4&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1163&PrimaryID=4625&Headline=India+expresses+shock%2c+horror. Retrieved 27 December 2007. 
  106. ^ "World shocked at Bhutto assassination". Times of India. 27 December 2007. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2656099.cms. Retrieved 5 March 2008. 
  107. ^ "Iranian FM strongly condemns Bhutto's assassination". Islamic Republic News Agency. 28 December 2007. http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-22/0712288630100921.htm/. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  108. ^ "Security Council condemns suicide attack that killed former prime minister of Pakistan". United Nations. 27 December 2007. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9217.doc.htm. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  109. ^ "Secretary-General 'shocked and outraged' by Bhutto assassination". United Nations. 27 December 2007. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sgsm11352.doc.htm. Retrieved 28 December 2007. 
  110. ^ Zakaria, Tabassum (27 December 2007). "Bush Condemns Bhutto Assassination". Reuters. http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-31143920071227. Retrieved 5 March 2007. 

Coordinates: 33°36′26″N 73°03′48″E / 33.6073°N 73.0633°E / 33.6073; 73.0633

Spicer, Beverly, John Moore [feature] and the Assassination of Benazir Bhutto, The Digital Journalist, July 2008 http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0807/moore-intro.html

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • International reaction to the assassination of Benazir Bhutto — The international reaction to the assassination of Benazir Bhutto consisted of universal condemnation across the international community, including Pakistan s regional neighbors Afghanistan, China, India, Bangladesh, and Iran. Indian Prime… …   Wikipedia

  • Benazir Bhutto — Infobox Prime Minister name = Benazir Bhutto order = 12th and 18th Prime Minister of Pakistan term start = 19 October 1993 term end = 5 November 1996 president = Wasim Sajjad Farooq Leghari predecessor = Moeen Qureshi successor = Malik Meraj… …   Wikipedia

  • Asesinato de Benazir Bhutto — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Asesinato de Benazir Bhutto Benazir Bhutto, ex Primera Ministra de Pakistán. Lugar Rawalpindi, Pakistán …   Wikipedia Español

  • Assassinat de Benazir Bhutto — 33° 36′ 26″ N 73° 03′ 48″ E / 33.6073, 73.0633 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Assassination — is the targeted murder of a high profile person. [ [http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=assassin Assassin] (from Wordnet, Princeton University)] An added distinction between assassination and other forms of killing is that the assassin (one …   Wikipedia

  • Assassination of Abraham Lincoln — From left to right: Major Henry Rathbone, Clara Harris, Mary Tod …   Wikipedia

  • Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. — Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Location Memphis, Tennessee Date …   Wikipedia

  • Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali — born Jan. 5, 1928, near Larkana, Sindh, India died April 4, 1979, Rawalpindi, Pak. President (1971–73) and prime minister (1973–77) of Pakistan. Son of a prominent politician, he was educated in India, the U.S., and Britain. He served eight years …   Universalium

  • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria — The Latin Bridge i …   Wikipedia

  • Nusrat Bhutto — Mother of Democracy Begum Nusrat Bhutto بیگم نصرت بھٹو Nusrat Bhutto (in middle) is seen standing as Zulfiqar Bhutto meets with a little girl …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”