Scrooge McDuck

Scrooge McDuck
Scrooge McDuck, the Richest Duck in the World by Carl Barks
First appearance	"Christmas on Bear Mountain" (1947)
Created by	Carl Barks
Voiced by	Dallas McKennon (1960)[1] Bill Thompson (1967) Will Ryan (1987) Alan Young (1974-present)[2]
Nickname(s)	Uncle Scrooge
Species	Pekin duck
Family	Clan McDuck
Relatives	Donald Duck (nephew) Huey, Dewey, and Louie (great nephews) Ludwig Von Drake (brother-in-law)
Nationality	Scottish

Scrooge McDuck is a cartoon character created in 1947 by Carl Barks and licensed by The Walt Disney Company. Scrooge is an anthropomorphic white duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs, and feet. He typically wears a red or blue frock coat, top hat, pince-nez glasses, and spats. Named after Ebenezer Scrooge from the 1843 novel A Christmas Carol, Scrooge is a wealthy Scottish American business magnate who is characterized as a greedy miser.^[3] He is the maternal uncle of Donald Duck.

Scrooge was created as a comic book character, first appearing in the 1947 Four Color story "Christmas on Bear Mountain" (#178). Initially a supporting character in Donald Duck stories, he soon became a major figure of the Duck universe. In 1952 he was given his own comic book series, called Uncle Scrooge, which still runs today. Scrooge was most famously drawn by his creator Carl Barks, and later by Don Rosa. Comics have remained Scrooge's primary medium, although he has also appeared in animated cartoons, most extensively in the television series Duck Tales (1987-1990).

Along with several other characters in the Disney franchise, Scrooge has enjoyed international popularity, particularly in Europe, and books about him are frequently translated into other languages.

Although never confirmed by Barks, it is possible that Scottish industrialist Andrew Carnegie, who left his country for America at age 13, served as a model for Scrooge who also immigrated at 13.^[4] Another possible inspiration is an unnamed character in the 1943 Donald Duck short film The Spirit of '43 who was a representation of Donald's thrifty conscience. The character had many of Scrooge's characteristics including sideburns, pince-nez glasses, and a Scottish accent.^[5]

Comics history

First appearance

Main article: Christmas on Bear Mountain

One of Scrooge's first panels in Christmas on Bear Mountain.

Scrooge, maternal uncle of previously established character Donald Duck, made his first named appearance in Christmas on Bear Mountain in December 1947, a story written and drawn by artist Carl Barks. His appearance may have been based on a similar-looking, nameless Scottish character from the 1943 propaganda short The Spirit of '43.

In Christmas on Bear Mountain,^[6] Scrooge was a bearded, bespectacled, reasonably wealthy old duck, visibly leaning on his cane, and living in isolation in a "huge mansion".^[7] Scrooge's misanthropic thoughts in this first story are quite pronounced: "Here I sit in this big lonely dump, waiting for Christmas to pass! Bah! That silly season when everybody loves everybody else! A curse on it! Me—I'm different! Everybody hates me, and I hate everybody!"^[7]

Barks later reflected, "Scrooge in 'Christmas on Bear Mountain' was only my first idea of a rich, old uncle. I had made him too old and too weak. I discovered later on that I had to make him more active. I could not make an old guy like that do the things I wanted him to do."^[8]

Recurring character

Barks would later claim that he originally only intended to use Scrooge as a one-shot character, but then decided Scrooge (and his fortune) could prove useful for motivating further stories. Barks continued to experiment with Scrooge's appearance and personality over the next four years.

Scrooge's second appearance, in The Old Castle's Secret^[9] (first published in June 1948), had Scrooge recruiting his nephews to search for a family treasure hidden in Dismal Downs, the McDuck family's ancestral castle, built in the middle of Rannoch Moor in Scotland. Foxy Relations (first published in November, 1948) was the first story where Scrooge is called by his title and catchphrase "The Richest Duck in the World".

A panel from an Uncle Scrooge comic by Jack Bradbury

First hints of Scrooge's past

Voodoo Hoodoo, first published in August 1949, was the first story to hint at Scrooge's past with the introduction of two figures from it. The first was Foola Zoola, an old African sorcerer and chief of the Voodoo tribe who had cursed Scrooge, seeking revenge for the destruction of his village and the taking of his tribe's lands by Scrooge decades ago.

Scrooge privately admitted to his nephews that he had used an army of "cutthroats" to get the tribe to abandon their lands, in order to establish a rubber plantation. The event was placed by Carl Barks in 1879 during the story, but it would later be by Don Rosa retconned to 1909 to fit with Scrooge's later-established personal history.^{[citation needed]}

The second figure was Bombie the Zombie, the organ of the sorcerer's curse and revenge. He had reportedly sought Scrooge for decades before reaching Duckburg, mistaking Donald for Scrooge. Bombie was not really undead and Foola Zoola did not practice necromancy.

Barks, with a note of skepticism often found in his stories, explained the zombie as a living person who has never died, but has somehow gotten under the influence of a sorcerer. Although some scenes of the story were intended as a parody of Bela Lugosi's White Zombie, the story is the first to not only focus on Scrooge's past but also touch on the darkest aspects of his personality.

Later stories

Trail of the Unicorn,^[10] first published in February 1950, introduced Scrooge's private zoo. One of his pilots had managed to photograph the last living unicorn, which lived in the Indian part of the Himalayas. Scrooge offered a reward to competing cousins Donald Duck and Gladstone Gander, which would go to the one who captured the unicorn for Scrooge's collection of animals.

This was also the story that introduced Scrooge's private airplane. Barks would later establish Scrooge as an experienced aviator. Donald had previously been shown as a skilled aviator, as was Flintheart Glomgold in later stories. In comparison, Huey, Dewey, and Louie were depicted as only having taken flying lessons in the story Frozen Gold (published in January 1945).

The Pixelated Parrot, first published in July 1950, introduced the precursor to Scrooge's money bin; in this story, Scrooge's central office building is said to contain "three cubic acres of money." Two nameless burglars who briefly appear during the story are considered to be the precursors of the Beagle Boys.

Scrooge as a major character

The Magic Hourglass, first published in September 1950, was arguably the first story to change the focus of the Duck stories from Donald to Scrooge. During the story, several themes were introduced for Scrooge.

Donald first mentions in this story that his uncle practically owns Duckburg, a statement that Scrooge's rival John D. Rockerduck would later put in dispute. Scrooge first hints that he was not born into wealth, as he remembers buying the Hourglass in Morocco when he was a member of a ship's crew as a cabin boy. It is also the first story in which Scrooge mentions speaking another language besides his native English and reading other alphabets besides the Latin alphabet, as during the story, he speaks Arabic and reads the Arabic alphabet.

The latter theme would be developed further in later stories. Barks and current Scrooge writer Don Rosa have depicted Scrooge as being fluent in Arabic, Dutch, German, Mongolian, Spanish, Mayan, Bengali, Finnish, and various dialects of Chinese. Scrooge acquired this knowledge from years of living or traveling to the various regions of the world where those languages are spoken. Later writers would depict Scrooge having at least working knowledge of several other languages.

Scrooge was shown in The Magic Hourglass in a more positive light than in previous stories, but his more villainous side is present too. Scrooge is seen in this story attempting to reacquire a magic hourglass that he gave to Donald, before finding out that it acted as a protective charm for him. Scrooge starts losing one billion dollars each minute, and comments that he will go bankrupt within 600 years. This line is a parody of Orson Welles's line in Citizen Kane “You know, Mr. Thatcher, at the rate of a million dollars a year, I'll have to close this place in... 60 years”.^[11] To convince his nephews to return it, he pursues them throughout Morocco, where they had headed to earlier in the story. Memorably during the story, Scrooge interrogates Donald by having him tied up and tickled with a feather in an attempt to get Donald to reveal the hourglass's location. Scrooge finally manages to retrieve it, exchanging it for a flask of water, as he had found his nephews exhausted and left in the desert with no supplies. As Scrooge explains, he intended to give them a higher offer, but he just could not resist having somebody at his mercy without taking advantage of it.

Final developments

A Financial Fable, first published in March 1951, had Scrooge teaching Donald some lessons in productivity as the source of wealth, along with the laws of supply and demand. Perhaps more importantly, it was also the first story where Scrooge observes how diligent and industrious Huey, Louie and Dewey are, making them more similar to himself rather than to Donald. Donald in Barks's stories is depicted as working hard on occasion, but given the choice often proves to be a shirker. The three younger nephews first side with Scrooge rather than Donald in this story, with the bond between granduncle and grandnephews strengthening in later stories. However, there have been rare instances where Donald proved invaluable to Scrooge, such as when the group traveled back in time to Ancient Egypt to retrieve a pharaoh's papyrus. Donald cautions against taking it with him, as no one would believe the story unless it was unearthed. Donald then buries it and makes a marking point from the Nile River, making Scrooge think to himself admiringly "Donald must have swallowed the Encyclopedia Britannica!"

Terror of the Beagle Boys, first published in November 1951, introduced the readers to the Beagle Boys, although Scrooge in this story seems to be already familiar with them. The Big Bin on Killmotor Hill introduced Scrooge's money bin, built on Killmotor Hill in the center of Duckburg.

By this point, Scrooge had become familiar to readers in the United States and Europe. Other Disney writers and artists besides Barks began using Scrooge in their own stories, including Italian writer Romano Scarpa. Western Publishing, the then-publisher of the Disney crafty comics, started thinking about using Scrooge as a protagonist rather than a supporting character, and then decided to launch Scrooge in his own self-titled comic. Uncle Scrooge #1, featuring the story Only a Poor Old Man, was published in March 1952-1953. This story along with Back to the Klondike, first published a year later in March 1953, became the biggest influences in how Scrooge's character, past, and beliefs would become defined.

After this point, Barks produced most of his longer stories in Uncle Scrooge, with a focus mainly on adventure, while his ten-page stories for Walt Disney's Comics and Stories continued to feature Donald as the star and focused on comedy. In Scrooge's stories, Donald and his nephews were cast as Scrooge's assistants, who accompanied Scrooge in his adventures around the world. This change of focus from Donald to Scrooge was also reflected in stories by other contemporary writers. Since then, Scrooge remains a central figure of the Duck comics' universe, thus the coining of the term "Scrooge McDuck Universe".

Later stories

After Barks's retirement, the character continued under other artists. In 1972, Barks was persuaded to write more stories for Disney. He wrote Junior Woodchuck stories where Scrooge often plays the part of the villain, closer to the role he had before he acquired his own series. Under Barks, Scrooge always was a malleable character who would take on whatever persona was convenient to the plot.

The Italian writer and artist Romano Scarpa made several additions to Scrooge McDuck's universe, including characters such as Brigitta McBridge, Scrooge's self-styled fiancée, and Gideon McDuck, a newspaper editor who is Scrooge's brother. Those characters have appeared mostly in European comics. So is also the case for Scrooge's rival John D. Rockerduck (created by Barks for just one story) and Donald's cousin Fethry Duck, who sometimes works as a reporter for Scrooge's newspaper.

Another major development was the arrival of writer and artist Don Rosa in 1987. Rosa considers Scrooge to be his favorite Disney character. Unlike most other Disney writers, Don Rosa considered Scrooge as a historical character whose Disney adventures had occurred in the fifties and sixties and ended (in his undepicted death^[12]) in 1967 when Barks retired. He considered only Barks' stories canonical, and fleshed out a timeline as well as a family tree based on Barks' stories. Eventually he made The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, a full history in twelve chapters which received an Eisner Award in 1995. Later on he included additional chapters. Under Rosa, Scrooge became more ethical, he never cheats. He owes his fortune to his hard work and his money bin is "full of souvenirs" since every coin reminds him of a specific circumstance. Although his work is scarce, Rosa remains the foremost contemporary duck artist and was nominated for five 2007 Eisner Awards. His work is regularly reprinted by itself as well as along with Barks stories for which he created a sequel.

Daan Jippes, who can mimic Barks's art to a close extent, repenciled all of Barks's 1970s Junior Woodchucks stories, as well as Barks' final Uncle Scrooge stories, from the 1990s to the early 2000s. Other notable Disney artists who have worked with the Scrooge character include Marco Rota, William Van Horn, and Tony Strobl.

In an interview with the Norwegian "Aftenposten" from 1992 Don Rosa says that "in the beginning Scrooge earned his existence to his nephew Donald, but that has changed and today it's Donald that earns his existence to Scrooge" and he also says that this is one of the reasons why he is so interested in Scrooge.

Characterization

Wealth

Scrooge's signature dive into money.

Scrooge had worked his way up the financial ladder from humble immigrant roots. Firstly, he took up a job polishing and shining boots, and was enraged when a ditchdigger paid him with an 1875 US dime, which was useless as currency in 19th century Glasgow. However, the coin inspired him to take a position as cabin boy on a Clyde cattle ship to the United States to make his fortune at the age of 13. In 1898, after many adventures he finally ended up in Klondike. There he found a golden rock the size of a goose's egg. The next year he had made his first $1,000,000 and bought the deed for Killmule Hill from Casey Coot, the son of Clinton Coot and grandson of Cornelius Coot. He finally ended up in Duckburg in 1902. After some dramatic events where he faced both the Beagle Boys and president Roosevelt and his "Rough Riders" at the same time, he tore down the rest of the old fort Duckburg and raised his famous Money Bin at the same site. In the years to follow, Uncle Scrooge traveled all around the world in order to increase his fortune. During these and earlier travels he learned many different languages from all parts of the world. Meanwhile his family ran the Money Bin. When Scrooge finally returned to Duckburg, he found himself the richest duck in the world, rivaled only by Flintheart Glomgold, John D. Rockerduck and, less prominently, the maharaja of the fictional country Howdoyoustan (play on Hindustan). He had however changed. His newly developed uptight, hostile, abusive and harsh behavior made his own family leave him. 12 years later, he closed his empire down, but eventually returned to a public life 5 years later and started his business.

He keeps a portion of his wealth, money he has personally earned himself, in a massive Money Bin overlooking the city of Duckburg. In the short Scrooge McDuck and Money, he remarks to his nephews that this money is "just petty cash". In the Dutch and Italian version he regularly forces Donald and his nephews to polish the coins one by one in order to pay off Donald's debts—Scrooge will not even pay them much for this lengthy, tedious, hand-breaking work. As far as he is concerned, even 5 cents an hour is too much expenditure.

A shrewd businessduck and noted tightwad, he is fond of diving into his money like a porpoise, burrowing through it like a gopher, and throwing coins into the air to let them fall upon his head—all without injury, much to the bafflement of others. He is also the richest member of The Billionaires Club of Duckburg, a society which includes the most successful businessmen of the world and allows them to keep connections with each other. Glomgold and Rockerduck are also influential members of the Club. His most famous prized possession is his Number One Dime.

Value of Scrooge in Barks' The Second Richest Duck'.

The sum of Scrooge's wealth is very controversial.^[13] According to Barks' The Second Richest Duck as noted by a TIME article, Scrooge is worth one multiplujillion, nine obsquatumatillion, six hundred twenty-three dollars and sixty-two cents.^[14] In the DuckTales episode Liquid Assets, Fenton Crackshell (Scrooge's accountant) notes that McDuck's money bin contains 607 tillion 386 zillion 947 trillion 522 billion dollars and 36 cents. Don Rosa's the Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck notes that Scrooge amounts to five multiplujillion, nine impossibidillion, seven fantasticatrillion dollars and sixteen cents. Forbes has occasionally tried to estimate McDuck's wealth in real terms; in 2007, Forbes estimated his wealth at $28.8 billion;^[15] in 2011, it rose to $44.1 billion due to the rise in gold prices.^[16] One website used the size of Scrooge's Money Bin as a basis and calculated that it could contain over $27 trillion.^[17] Barks himself has said that the fortune is five billion quintiplitilion unptuplatillion multuplatillion impossibidillion fantasticatrillion dollars. Whatever the amount, Scrooge never considers it enough: he has to continue to earn money by any means possible.

Education

Scrooge is a school drop-out, and thus is not completely educated at all. However, he has a sharp mind and is always ready to learn new skills. Because of his secondary occupation as a treasure hunter, Scrooge has become something of a scholar and an amateur archaeologist. Starting with Barks, several writers have explained how Scrooge becomes aware of the treasures he decides to pursue. This often involves periods of research consulting various written sources in search of passages that might lead him to a treasure. Often Scrooge decides to search for the possible truth behind old legends, or discovers obscure references to the activities of ancient conquerors, explorers and military leaders that he considers interesting enough to begin a new expedition.

As a result of his research, Scrooge has built up an extensive personal library, which includes many rare tomes. In Barks's and Rosa's stories, among the prized pieces of this library is an almost complete collection of Spanish and Dutch naval logs of the 16th and 17th centuries. Their references to the fates of other ships have often allowed Scrooge to locate sunken ships and recover their treasures from their watery graves. Mostly self-taught as he is, Scrooge is a firm believer in the saying "knowledge is power". Scrooge is also an accomplished linguist and entrepreneur, having learned to speak several different languages during his business trips around the world, selling fridges to eskimos, wind to windmill manufacturers in the Netherlands etc.

Morality and beliefs

Both as a businessman and as a treasure hunter, Scrooge is noted for his drive to set new goals and face new challenges. As Carl Barks described his character, for Scrooge there is "always another rainbow". The phrase later provided the title for one of Barks's better-known paintings depicting Scrooge. Periods of inactivity between adventures and lack of serious challenges tend to be depressing for Scrooge after a while; some stories see these phases take a toll on his health. Scrooge's other motto is "Work smarter, not harder."

As a businessman, Scrooge often resorts to aggressive tactics and deception. He seems to have gained significant experience in manipulating people and events towards his own ends. As often seen in stories by writer Guido Martina and occasionally by others, Scrooge is noted for his cynicism, especially towards ideals of morality when it comes to business and the pursuit of set goals. This has been noted by some as not being part of Barks's original profile of the character, but has since come to be accepted as one valid interpretation of Scrooge's way of thinking.

Scrooge seems to have a personal code of honesty that offers him an amount of self-control. He can often be seen contemplating the next course of action, divided between adopting a ruthless pursuit of his current goal against those tactics he considers more honest. At times, he can sacrifice his goal in order to remain within the limits of this sense of honesty. Several fans of the character have come to consider these depictions as adding to the depth of his personality, because based on the decisions he takes Scrooge can be both the hero and the villain of his stories. This is one thing he has in common with his nephew Donald. Scrooge's sense of honesty also distinguishes him from his rival Flintheart Glomgold, who places no such self limitations. During the cartoon series DuckTales, at times he would be heard saying to Glomgold, "You're a cheater, and cheaters never prosper!"

Scrooge has a nasty temper and rarely hesitates to use violence against those who provoke his ire; however, he seems to be against the use of lethal force. On occasion, he has even saved the lives of enemies who had threatened his own life but were in danger of losing their own. According to Scrooge's own explanation, this is to save himself from feelings of guilt over their deaths; he generally awaits no gratitude from them. Scrooge has also opined that only in fairy tales do bad people turn good, and that he is old enough to not believe in fairy tales. Scrooge believes in keeping his word—never breaking a promise once given.^[18] In Italian-produced stories of the 1950s to 1970s, however, particularly those written by Guido Martina, Scrooge often acts differently than in American or Danish comics productions.

Carl Barks gave Scrooge a definite set of ethics which were in tone with the time he was supposed to have made his fortune. The robber barons and industrialists of the 1890–1920s era were McDuck's competition as he earned his fortune. Scrooge proudly asserts "I made it by being tougher than the toughies and smarter than the smarties! And I made it square!" It is obvious that Barks's creation is averse to dishonesty in the pursuit of wealth. When Disney filmmakers first contemplated a Scrooge feature cartoon in the fifties, the animators had no understanding of the Scrooge McDuck character and merely envisioned Scrooge as a duck version of Ebenezer Scrooge—a very unsympathetic character. In the end they shelved the idea because a duck who gets all excited about money just was not funny enough.

In an interview, Barks summed up his beliefs about Scrooge and capitalism:

I've always looked at the ducks as caricatured human beings. In rereading the stories, I realized that I had gotten kind of deep in some of them: there was philosophy in there that I hadn't realized I was putting in. It was an added feature that went along with the stories. I think a lot of the philosophy in my stories is conservative—conservative in the sense that I feel our civilization peaked around 1910. Since then we've been going downhill. Much of the older culture had basic qualities that the new stuff we keep hatching can never match.

Look at the magnificent cathedrals and palaces that were built. Nobody can build that sort of thing nowadays. Also, I believe that we should preserve many old ideals and methods of working: honor, honesty, allowing other people to believe in their own ideas, not trying to force everyone into one form. The thing I have against the present political system is that it tries to make everybody exactly alike. We should have a million different patterns.

They say that wealthy people like the Vanderbilts and Rockefellers are sinful because they accumulated fortunes by exploiting the poor. I feel that everybody should be able to rise as high as they can or want to, provided they don't kill anybody or actually oppress other people on the way up. A little exploitation is something you come by in nature. We see it in the pecking order of animals—everybody has to be exploited or to exploit someone else to a certain extent. I don't resent those things.^[19]

DuckTales

Scrooge stars alongside his grandnephews on DuckTales.

In the DuckTales series, Scrooge has adopted the nephews, and as a result his rougher edges are smoothed out somewhat. While most of his traits remain from the comics, he is notably more jovial and less irritable in the cartoon. In an early episode, Scrooge credits his improved temperament to the nephews and Webby, saying that "for the first time since I left Scotland, I have a family." Though Scrooge is far from heartless in the comics, he is rarely so openly sentimental. While he still hunts for treasure in Ducktales, many episodes focus on him attempting to thwart villains. He remains, however, just as tightfisted with money as he has always been. Scrooge displays a strict code of honor, insisting that the only valid way to acquire wealth is to "earn it square", and he goes to great lengths to thwart those (sometimes even his own nephews) who gain money dishonestly. This code also prevents him from ever being dishonest himself, saying that "Scrooge McDuck's word is as good as gold." He also expresses great disgust at being viewed by others as a greedy liar and cheater. The show fleshed out his upbringing depicting his life as an individual who worked hard his entire life to earn his keep and fiercely defend it against those who were truly dishonest: a value he teaches his nephews. Also it was shown that money is no longer the most important thing in his life. For one episode he was under a love spell, which caused him to lavish his time on a goddess, over everything else. The nephews find out that the only way to break the spell, is make the person realize that the object of their love will cost them something they truly love. The boys make it appear that Scrooge's love is allergic to money; however, he simply decides to give up his wealth so he can be with her. Later, when he realizes he will have to give up his nephews to be with her, the spell is immediately broken, showing that family is the most important thing to him. On occasion he demonstrates physical fitness by single-handedly beating bigger foes. He credits his strength to "lifting money bags."

Europe

Many of the European comics based on the Disney Universe have created their own version of Scrooge McDuck, usually involving him in slapstick adventures. This is particularly true of the Italian comics which were very popular in the 1960s, 70s and 80s in most parts of Western continental Europe. In these, Scrooge is mainly an anti-hero dragging his long-suffering nephews into treasure hunts and shady business deals. Donald is a reluctant participant in these travels, only agreeing to go along when his uncle reminds him of the debts and back-rent Donald owes him, threatens him with a sword or blunderbuss or offers a share of the loot. When he promises Donald a share of the treasure, Scrooge will add a little loophole in the terms which may seem obscure at first but which he brings up at the end of the adventure to deny Donald his share, keeping the whole for himself. After Donald risks life and limb—something which Scrooge shows little concern for—he tends to end up with nothing.

On other occasions the treasure is lost but Scrooge uses some equally obscure reason for taking it out on Donald. Donald need not be at fault; he simply has to make a suggestion that Scrooge acts upon, then uses to blame Donald for everything that has gone wrong—even though it was unforeseen and unintentional. The resulting punishment can be Donald being chased all over the place by Scrooge, who is using the most threatening language imaginable, or having to work for Scrooge for endless hours on measly pay, which means that Scrooge will not be compensated for years (something he is probably counting on). It should be noted that this version of the character, and generally most of the Europe-produced Disney comics, are meant for comedic effect, and for that purpose Scrooge, and sometimes Donald, are portrayed as more malicious than they truly are. His actions are mainly hot air, and as such, he would never go through with any of his threats.

Another running joke is Scrooge reminiscing on his adventures while gold prospecting in the Klondike much to Donald and the nephews' chagrin at hearing the never-ending and tiresome stories.

Age

Scrooge's age has never been specified, although according to Barks, Scrooge was born in Scotland in 1867, and earned his Number One Dime exactly ten years later. Although Rosa stated that Scrooge died at the age of 100, that has never been published in the comics. The Duck Tales episodes show a Scrooge who hailed from Scotland in the 19th Century, yet was clearly familiar with all the technology and amenities of the 1980s. Despite this case of extreme old age, Scrooge has not appeared to be on dotage's door, and has been strong enough to keep up with his nephews in adventures. The physically strong Scrooge with high stamina has also made its way into the comics, and with rare exception there appears to be no sign of him slowing down. Barks explained to some fan letters asking about Scrooge's Adamiac age that in the story "That's No Fable!", where Scrooge drank water from a Fountain of Youth for several days, rather than making him young again (bodily contact with the water was required for that), ingesting the water rejuvenated his body and cured him of his rheumatia, which arguably allowed Scrooge to live beyond his expected years with no sign of slowdown or senility.

Impact

Scrooge McDuck universe

Main article: Duck universe

The popularity of Scrooge McDuck comics spawned an entire mythology around the character, including new supporting characters, adventures, and life experiences as told by numerous authors. Based on writer Don Rosa's The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, a popular timeline chronicling Scrooge's adventures was created consisting of the most important "facts" about Scrooge's life. See Scrooge McDuck Timeline according to Don Rosa.

In addition to the many original and existing characters in stories about Scrooge McDuck, authors have frequently led historical figures to meet Scrooge over the course of his life. Most notably, Scrooge has met U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt and Scrooge would meet each other at least three times: in the Dakotas in 1883, in Duckburg in 1902, and in Panama in 1906. See Historical Figures in Scrooge McDuck stories.

In other media and popular culture

The character of Scrooge has appeared in various mediums aside from comic books. Scrooge's first appearance in animated form (save for a brief Mickey Mouse Club television series cameo) was in Disney's 1967 theatrical short Scrooge McDuck and Money, in which he teaches his nephews basic financial tips.^[20]

He later appeared as Ebenezer Scrooge in Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983), an animated version of the Dickens classic. In this adaptation Scrooge's character is voiced by co-writer Alan Young.^[21] He also appeared as himself in the television special Sport Goofy in Soccermania (1983) (the only time when he was voiced by Will Ryan).

Scrooge's biggest role outside of comics would come in the 1987 animated series DuckTales, a series loosely based on Carl Barks's comics, and where Alan Young returned to voice his character. In this series, premiered over two-hours on September 18, 1987, while the regular episodes began three days later, Scrooge becomes caretaker of Huey, Dewey and Louie when Donald joins the United States Navy. Scrooge's DuckTales persona is considerably softer than in most previous appearances; his ruthlessness is played down considerably and his often abrasive personality is reduced in many episodes to that of a crotchety but lovable old uncle. Still, there are flashes of Barks' Scrooge to be seen, particularly in early episodes of the first season. After the series Scrooge also appeared in DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp. He was mentioned in Darkwing Duck episode "Tiff of the Titans", but never really seen.

He has appeared in some episodes of Raw Toonage, two shorts of Mickey Mouse Works and some episodes (specially "House of Scrooge") of Disney's House of Mouse, as well as the direct-to-video films Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas and Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas. His video game appearances include the three DuckTales video (DuckTales, DuckTales 2, and DuckTales - the Quest for Gold), and in Toontown Online as the accidental creator of the Cogs. Additionally, he is a secret playable character in 2008 quiz game, Disney TH!NK Fast.

Scrooge in Kingdom Hearts II

Scrooge also makes an appearance in Disney's and Square Enix's Kingdom Hearts series, in a role where he helps Mickey Mouse set up a world transit system. He first appears in Kingdom Hearts II as a minor non-playable character in Hollow Bastion, where he is trying to recreate his favorite ice cream flavor—sea-salt.^[22] Scrooge later appears in the prequel, Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep, this time with a speaking role. He's working on establishing an ice-cream business in Radiant Garden and gives Ventus three passes to the Dream Festival in Disney Town. Young reprises the role in the English version of Birth by Sleep.

Scrooge has appeared in the Boom! Studios Darkwing Duck comic, playing a key role at the end of its initial story, The Duck Knight Returns. Later he would also play a key role on the final story arc entitled Dangerous Currency, where he teams up with Darkwing Duck in order to stop the Phantom Blot and Magica De Spell from taking over St. Canard and Duckburg.

Forbes magazine routinely lists Scrooge McDuck on its annual "Fictional 15" list of the richest fictional characters by net worth:

2002: #4 with $8.2 billion[23] 2005: #6 with $8.2 billion[24] 2006: #3 with $10.9 billion[25] 2007: #1 with $28.8 billion (₤17.6 billion)[26]

2008: #2 with $29.1 billion[27] 2010: #2 with $33.5 billion[28] 2011: #1 with $44.1 billion[29]

In tribute to its famous native, Glasgow City Council added Scrooge to its list of "Famous Glaswegians" in 2007, alongside the likes of Billy Connolly and Charles Rennie Mackintosh.^[30]

In Italy, the character's Italian name, Paperone, is used as a metaphor meaning "very wealthy person".^[31][32]

In 2008 The Weekly Standard parodied the bailout of the financial markets by publishing a memo where Scrooge applies to the TARP program.^[33]

An extortionist named Arno Funke targeted German department store chain Kaufhaus des Westens from 1992 until his capture in 1994, under the alias "Dagobert", the German name for Scrooge McDuck.^[34]

See also

Children's literature portal

• Clan McDuck
• List of fictional ducks
• The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck – with a timeline
• Uncle Scrooge comic book

Further reading

• Uncle Scrooge McDuck, Carl Barks, Edward Summer, Walt Disney Productions 1981 ISBN 0-89087-290-2
• Carl Barks Library, Another Rainbow Publishing 1984
• Scrooge McDuck Capitalist and Proud of it!, Goldbrick & Bond, USA-International Publications 2004
• How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic, Dorfman & Mattelart, International General 1975
• Carl Barks and the Disney Comic Book, University Press of Mississippi, Thomas Andrae 2006

Notes

1. ^ "Donald Duck and His Friends". http://voicechasers.com/database/showprod.php?prodid=3929. 
2. ^ "Dickens' Christmas Carol". http://www.mousevinyl.com/content/dickens-christmas-carol-disneyland-records. 
3. ^ Landsburg, Steven E. (2004-09-12). "What I Like About Scrooge". Slate. http://www.slate.com/id/2110817/. 
4. ^ "The Green Mountain Lion, April 2007" (PDF). St. Andrews Society of Vermont. April 2007. http://www.standrewssocietyofvermont.org/Apr07-2.pdf. 
5. ^ Gerstein, David, "1st Scrooge McDuck in 1943??", Retrieved on October 9, 2008.
6. ^  I.N.D.U.C.K.S code: W OS 178-02
7. ^ ^{a b} Barks, Carl (writer and illustrator). "Christmas on Bear Mountain". Uncle Scrooge #178, Four Color Comics. July 1947.
8. ^ Ortman, Steve (trans.); Laqua, Charsten, "Carl Barks – the Author", Carl Barks His Work and His Life (site). Retrieved on September 5, 2007.
9. ^  I.N.D.U.C.K.S code: W OS 189-02
10. ^  I.N.D.U.C.K.S code: W OS 263-03
11. ^ See Citizen Kane quotes from the Internet Movie Database
12. ^ Don Rosa's artwork at I.N.D.U.C.K.S
13. ^ Collected figures of Scrooge's fortune
14. ^ Cocks, Jay (May 17, 1982). "The Duck with the Bucks". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,921233,00.html. 
15. ^ Noer, Michael (ed.); Ewalt, David M. (ed.) (December 11, 2007). "The Forbes Fictional 15". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2007/12/11/richest-fictional-characters-oped-books-fict1507-cx_mn_de_1211fictional15_land.html. 
16. ^ Noer, Michael (ed.); Ewalt, David M. (ed.) (April 1, 2011). "The Forbes Fictional 15". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/lists/fictional15/2011/forbes-fictional-15.html. 
17. ^ Hing, Mark (August 27, 2009). "How Rich is Scrooge McDuck?". Wolf Nards. http://www.wolfgnards.com/index.php/2009/08/27/how-rich-is-scrooge-mcduck. 
18. ^ An example is when Scrooge, his family and the Beagle Boys are trapped in the past. Hatching a plan to return to their normal time, he is told they could easily leave the Beagles stranded in the past; Scrooge refuses, noting that he gave his word everyone would return safely.
19. ^ Barks, Carl (2003). Carl Barks: Conversations. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1578065011. 
20. ^ Berg, Bill (writer) & Hamilton, Luske (director). Scrooge McDuck and Money, Walt Disney Studios. March 23, 1967.
21. ^ Mattinson, Burny (writer/director), Marino, Tony L. (writer), Gombert, Ed (writer), Griffith, Don (writer), Young, Alan (writer) & Dinehart, Alan (writer). Mickey's Christmas Carol, Walt Disney Studios. December 16, 1983.
22. ^ Nojima, Kazushige (writer), Nomura, Tetsuya (writer/director), Oka, Masaru (writer), Sakemi, Harunori (writer) & Watanabe, Daisuke (writer). Kingdom Hearts II, Square Enix and Buena Vista Games. March 28, 2006.
23. ^ Noer, Michael; and Dan Ackman (2002-09-13). "The Forbes Fictional Fifteen, 2002". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2002/09/13/400fictional_5.html. 
24. ^ Herper, Matthew (2005-11-20). "The Forbes Fictional Fifteen, 2005". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/fictional/06.html. 
25. ^ Noer, Michael (2006-11-20). "The Forbes Fictional Fifteen, 2006". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2006/11/20/scrooge-mcduck-money-tech-media_cx_mn_06fict15_duck.html. 
26. ^ Herper, Matthew (2007-12-11). "The Forbes Fictional Fifteen, 2007". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2007/12/11/scrooge-mcduck-money-oped-books-cx_mh_fict1507_1211scrooge.html. 
27. ^ Ewalt, David M. (December 18, 2008). "No. 2 McDuck, Scrooge". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2008/12/18/scrooge-mcduck-money-oped-fictional1508-cx_de_1218scrooge.html. 
28. ^ Herper, Matthew (April 14, 2010). "No. 2 McDuck, Scrooge". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2010/04/13/scrooge-mcduck-bio-opinions-fictional-15-10-scrooge.html. 
29. ^ Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/lists/fictional15/2011/profile/scrooge-mcduck.html. 
30. ^ "Glasgow claims McDuck as its own". BBC. 2007-10-01. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7022173.stm. Retrieved 2007-10-02. 
31. ^ I Paperoni d'Italia, Il Sole 24 ore, 11 march 2010
32. ^ Paperoni d’Italia: Forbes, Ferrero scavalca Berlusconi, Finanza utile, 24 november 2010
33. ^ "Scrooge McDuck writes to the Treasury: A parody". The Weekly Standard. http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/015/853tzmct.asp. 
34. ^ Schroeder, Andreas (1999). "Extortion by Remote Control". Fakes, Frauds, And Flimflammery. pp. 213-258. ISBN 0771079540. 

External links

• Scrooge McDuck at the INDUCKS
• An index of historical figures appearing in Scrooge McDuck stories
• Who's who in Duckburg: profiles of Scrooge McDuck and the Billionaires Club
• Duckstories Carl Barks and Don Rosa's stories and characters database (English) (French)
• The Loves of Scrooge McDuck, as they have appeared in comics by various artists
• Scrooge McDuck at Toonopedia
• Scale model of Scrooge McDuck's Money Bin
• Virtual tour in McDuck Mansion