List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America

The following is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America, including their capitals, official languages, currencies, population, area, and GDP per capita at PPP.

South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean. North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. South America has an area of approximately 17,840,000 square kilometres (6,890,000 sq mi), or almost 3.5% of the Earth's surface. As of 2008, its population is more than 380 million, according to estimates of population in the The World Factbook. South America ranks fourth among all continents in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America).^[1]

The division between North and South America is unclear, lying somewhere in the Isthmus of Panama, however, Panama is considered to be part of North America.

Sovereign states and other territories

  Overseas department or dependency

Flag	Name	Official name	Form of government	Capital	Official language(s)	Notes
	Argentina !Argentina	Argentine Republic	Federal presidential republic	Buenos Aires	Spanish	[2][3]
	Bolivia !Bolivia	Plurinational State of Bolivia	Republic	La Paz & Sucre [B]	Spanish, Quechua, Aymara	[4]
	Brazil !Brazil	Federative Republic of Brazil	Federal presidential republic	Brasília	Portuguese	[5]
	Chile !ChileJ	Republic of Chile	Republic	Santiago[C]	Spanish	[6]
	Colombia !Colombia	Republic of Colombia	Presidential republic	Bogotá	Spanish	[7]
	Ecuador !Ecuador	Republic of Ecuador	Presidential republic	Quito	Spanish	[8]
	Falkland Islands !Falkland Islands (UK)	Falkland Islands	Territory of the United Kingdom	Stanley	English	[9]
	French Guiana !French Guiana (France)[D]	French Republic (Guyane)	Presidential republic	Cayenne (Paris)[10]	French	[11][12]
	Guyana !Guyana	Co-operative Republic of Guyana	Semi-presidential republic	Georgetown	English	[13][14]
	Paraguay !Paraguay	Republic of Paraguay	Constitutional presidential republic	Asunción	Spanish, Guaraní	[15][16]
	Peru !Peru	Republic of Peru	Presidential republic	Lima	Spanish, Quechua[G]	[17][18]
	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands !South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands[19] (UK)	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Territory of the United Kingdom	King Edward Point	English
	Suriname !Suriname	Republic of Suriname	Constitutional democracy	Paramaribo	Dutch	[20]
	Uruguay !Uruguay	Oriental Republic of Uruguay	Constitutional republic	Montevideo	Spanish	[21]
	Venezuela !Venezuela	Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela	Federal presidential republic	Caracas	Spanish[H]	[22]

Demographics and geography

  Overseas department or dependency

Name	Area	Population (July 2008 est.)	Map	Notes
Argentina !Argentina	2766890 !2,766,890 km2 (1,068,300 sq mi)	&1000000004067734800000040,677,348		[2]
Bolivia !Bolivia	1098580 !1,098,580 km2 (424,160 sq mi)	&100000000092478160000009,247,816		[4]
Brazil !Brazil	8511965 !8,511,965 km2 (3,286,488 sq mi)	&10000000191908598000000191,908,598		[5]
Chile !ChileJ	0756950 !756,950 km2 (292,260 sq mi)	&1000000001645414300000016,454,143		[6]
Colombia !Colombia	1138910 !1,138,910 km2 (439,740 sq mi)	&1000000004501367400000045,013,674		[7]
Ecuador !Ecuador	0283560 !283,560 km2 (109,480 sq mi)	&1000000001392765000000013,927,650		[8]
Falkland Islands !Falkland Islands (UK)	0012173 !12,173 km2 (4,700 sq mi)	&100000000000031400000003,140		[9]
French Guiana !French Guiana (France)[D]	0091000 !91,000 km2 (35,000 sq mi)[E]	&10000000000209000000000209,000 (Jan. 2007 est.)		[11][12]
Guyana !Guyana	0214999 !214,999 km2 (83,012 sq mi)	&100000000011656730000001,165,673		[13]
Paraguay !Paraguay	0406750 !406,750 km2 (157,050 sq mi)	&100000000068313060000006,831,306		[15]
Peru !Peru	1285220 !1,285,220 km2 (496,230 sq mi)	&1000000002918089900000029,180,899		[17]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich islands !South Georgia and the South Sandwich islands (UK)	0003903 !3,903 km2 (1,507 sq mi)	&1000000000000003000000030 (2006 est.)
Suriname !Suriname	0163270 !163,270 km2 (63,040 sq mi)	&10000000000475996000000475,996		[20]
Uruguay !Uruguay	0176220 !176,220 km2 (68,040 sq mi)	&100000000034777780000003,477,778		[21]
Venezuela !Venezuela	0912050 !912,050 km2 (352,140 sq mi)	&1000000002641481500000026,414,815		[22]

Economic statistics

Name	Currency	GDP (PPP) per capita[A] (2008 est. in U.S. dollars)	Notes
Argentina !Argentina	Argentine peso	$&1000000000001420000000014,200	[2]
Bolivia !Bolivia	Boliviano	$&100000000000045000000004,500	[4]
Brazil !Brazil	Brazilian real	$&1000000000001010000000010,100	[5]
Chile !Chile	Chilean peso	$&1000000000001490000000014,900	[6]
Colombia !Colombia	Colombian peso	$&100000000000089000000008,900	[7]
Ecuador !Ecuador	United States dollar	$&100000000000075000000007,500	[8]
Falkland Islands !Falkland Islands (UK)	Falkland Islands pound	$&1000000000003540000000035,400 (2002 est.)	[9]
French Guiana !French Guiana (France)	Euro	$&100000000000060000000006,000 (2001 est.)[F]	[11][12]
Guyana !Guyana	Guyanese dollar	$&100000000000039000000003,900	[13]
Paraguay !Paraguay	Paraguayan guaraní	$&100000000000042000000004,200	[15]
Peru !Peru	Peruvian nuevo sol	$&100000000000084000000008,400	[17]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich islands !South Georgia and the South Sandwich islands (UK)
Suriname !Suriname	Surinamese dollar	$&100000000000089000000008,900	[20]
Uruguay !Uruguay	Uruguayan peso	$&1000000000001220000000012,200	[21]
Venezuela !Venezuela	Venezuelan bolívar	$&1000000000001350000000013,500	[22]

See also

• by GDP
  • by GDP per
  • by GDP PPP
• by population
  • by population density

Notes

• ^A The CIA's estimate for GDP per capita (PPP) is used in the article. For the World Bank and International Monetary Fund's estimates, see List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.
• ^B La Paz is the administrative capital of Bolivia; Sucre is the judicial seat.
• ^C Santiago is the administrative capital of Chile; Valparaíso is the site of legislative meetings.
• ^D The figures in this table only apply to French Guiana (which is an overseas department and region of France), not France itself.
• ^E The estimated area of French Guiana varies from 83,534 to 91,000 square kilometres based on the source.^[23]
• ^F This table only takes into account French Guiana's Gross Regional Product (GRP), not the entire gross national product of France.
• ^G Aymara is given limited recognition as an official language of Peru.^[24]
• ^H Article 9 of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela also recognizes all indigenous languages spoken in the country. "Indigenous languages are also for official use for Indigenous peoples and must be respected throughout the Republic's territory for being part of the nation's and humanity's patrimonial culture.'^[25]
• ^I Usually considered to be part of North America due to social and political reasons
• ^J Includes Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean, a Chilean territory frequently reckoned in Oceania.

References

1. ^ The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind (2nd ed.), New York: St. Martin's Press, 2007, p. 598, ISBN 0-312-37659-6, OCLC 173243876 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Argentina". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
3. ^ Calvert, Peter (2004). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Latin America: an essential guide. New York: Routledge. p. 14. ISBN 1857432118. OCLC 57134234. 
4. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Bolivia". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bl.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
5. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Brazil". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
6. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Chile". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ci.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
7. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Colombia". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/co.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
8. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Ecuador". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
9. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fk.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
10. ^ Cayenne is the departmental capital.
11. ^ ^{a b c} Americas Review 2003/2004: Economic and Business Report (21st ed.). London: Kogan Page. 2003. p. 79. ISBN 0749440643. ISSN 1351-4571. 
12. ^ ^{a b c} (French) "Résultats régionaux des enquêtes de recensement de 2004 à 2007". INSEE. http://www.insee.fr/fr/recensement/nouv_recens/resultats/resultats-regionaux.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
13. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Guyana". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gy.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
14. ^ Nohlen, Dieter (2005). Elections in the Americas: a data handbook (21st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. vol. 1, p. 359. ISBN 0-19-928357-5. OCLC 58051010. 
15. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Paraguay". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pa.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
16. ^ The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind, p. 845.
17. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Peru". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
18. ^ Americas Review 2003/2004: Economic and Business Report, p. 144.
19. ^ Sometimes grouped with Antarctica rather than South America
20. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Suriname". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ns.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
21. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Uruguay". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uy.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
22. ^ ^{a b c} "The World Factbook: Venezuela". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ve.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
23. ^ Redfield, Peter (2000). Space in the Tropics: From Convicts to Rockets in French Guiana. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 269. ISBN 0-520-21985-6. OCLC 191037539. 
24. ^ Baker, Colin; Sylvia P. Jones (1998). Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. p. 460. ISBN 1-85359-362-1. OCLC 34932753. 
25. ^ Kozloff, Nikolas (2007). Hugo Chavez: Oil, Politics, and the Challenge to the United States. New York: Macmillan Publishers. p. 136. ISBN 1-4039-8409-3. OCLC 144596511.