Sodium perchlorate

Sodium perchlorate
Other names Sodium chlorate(VII) Sodium hyperchlorate Perchloric acid, sodium salt
Identifiers
CAS number	7601-89-0 Y
PubChem	522606
ChemSpider	22668 Y
EC number	231-511-9
UN number	1502
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1644700 N
RTECS number	SC9800000
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O
InChI InChI=1S/ClHO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Y Key: BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y InChI=1/ClHO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Key: BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-REWHXWOFAU
Properties
Molecular formula	NaClO4 NaClO4.H2O (monohydrate)
Molar mass	122.44 g/mol
Appearance	White crystalline solid
Density	2.4994 g/cm3
Melting point	130 °C (monohydrate) >400 °C (decomp.)
Solubility in water	209.6 g/100 ml at 25 °C
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium chloride Sodium hypochlorite Sodium chlorite Sodium chlorate
Other cations	Lithium perchlorate Potassium perchlorate Ammonium perchlorate Caesium perchlorate
Related compounds	Perchloric acid
N (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Sodium perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaClO₄. It is the most soluble of the common perchlorate salts. It is a white crystalline, hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and in alcohol. It usually comes as the monohydrate, which has a rhombic crystal structure.^{[citation needed]}

Its heat of formation is −382.75 kJ mol⁻¹.^[1]

Uses

Sodium perchlorate is the precursor to many other perchlorate salts, often taking advantage of their low solubility relative to NaClO₄ (209 g/100 ml at 25 °C). Perchloric acid is made by treating NaClO₄ with HCl.

NaClO₄ finds only minimal use in pyrotechnics because it is hygroscopic; ammonium and potassium perchlorates are preferred. These salts are prepared by double decomposition from a solution of sodium perchlorate and potassium or ammonium chlorides.

Laboratory applications

NaClO₄ has a variety of uses in the laboratory, often as a nonreactive electrolyte. For example, it is used in standard DNA extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology.

Production

Sodium perchlorate is produced by anodic oxidation of sodium chlorate, not sodium chloride, at a platinum electrode.^[2]

ClO₃⁻ + H₂O → ClO₄⁻ + H₂

See also

• Sodium chlorate
• Potassium chlorate
• Potassium perchlorate

External links

• WebBook page for NaClO4

References

1. ^ WebBook page for NaClO₄
2. ^ Helmut Vogt, Jan Balej, John E. Bennett, Peter Wintzer, Saeed Akbar Sheikh, Patrizio Gallone “Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_483