List of Germanic languages

List of Germanic languages

The Germanic languages include some 58 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects that originated in Europe; this language family is a part of the Indo-European language family. Each subfamily in this list contains subgroups and individual languages.

The standard division of Germanic is into three branches,

The all descend from Proto-Germanic, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.


† denotes extinct languages.

Contents

West Germanic

Main article: West Germanic languages

Continental West Germanic

Further information: German language, Dutch language, German dialects, and Dutch dialects

North-Sea Germanic

North Germanic

Main article: North Germanic languages

Alternate classification of contemporary North Germanic languages

East Germanic

External links

References

  1. ^ From early Northern Middle English (Aitken, A. J. and McArthur, T. Eds. (1979) Languages of Scotland. Edinburgh,Chambers. p. 87). McClure (1991) gives Northumbrian Old English in The Cambridge History of the English Language Vol. 5. p. 23. In the Oxford Companion to the English Language (p. 894) the 'sources' of Scots are described as "the Old English of the Kingdom of Bernicia" and "the Scandinavian-influenced English of immigrants from Northern and Midland England in the 12-13c [...]." The historical stages 'Older—Middle—Modern Scots' are used, for example, in the "Concise Scots Dictionary" (Robinson M. (ed.) (1985) the "Concise Scots Dictionary, Chambers, Edinburgh. p. xiii) and "A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue" (Dareau M., Pike l. and Watson, H (eds) (2002) "A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue" Vol. XII, Oxford University Press. p. xxxiv).
v · d · eModern Germanic languages and dialects
North Germanic
West Scandinavian
East Scandinavian
West Germanic
Afrikaans • Dutch • West Flemish • Limburgish (Maastrichtian) • Zeelandic
Alemán Coloniero • Alsatian • Austro-Bavarian • Main-Franconian • Cimbrian • Hutterite German • Mócheno • Swabian • Swiss German • Walser
v · d · eGermanic languages · Germanic philology
Language subgroups
North · East · West
North · East · Elbe · Weser-Rhine · North Sea
Reconstructed
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic grammar
Historical languages
North
East
West
Modern languages
Diachronic features
Synchronic features
Language histories
English (phonology) · Scots (phonology) · German · Dutch · Danish · Icelandic · Swedish

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