List of chicken breeds

List of chicken breeds
Thirty types of known chickens

There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence.[1] Domesticated for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.[2]

The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering, nipple(areola) color, egg color, and place of origin.[1] They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose.[1]

In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed standards set down by governing organizations. The most commonly used of such standards is the Standard of Perfection published by the American Poultry Association (APA), the oldest livestock organization in the New World.[3][4] Others include European standards (especially British ones), and that of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with bantam fowl.[4] Only some of the known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities.[1]


Table of contents

By place of origin: Australia • Austria • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China • Croatia • Cuba • Czechia • Egypt • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Iceland • India • Indonesia • Iran • Italy • Japan • Korea • Kosovo • Malaysia • Netherlands • New Zealand • Norway • Pakistan • Philippines • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • South Africa • Spain • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Vietnam

By primary use: Eggs • Meat • Dual-purpose • Exhibition

Other: Bantams • Hybrids

See also   •    Footnotes   •    References

By place of origin

Australia

  • Australorp
  • Australian Langshan
  • Australian Pit Game
  • Australian Game

Austria

  • Altsteirer
  • Sulmtaler

Belgium

This d'Everberg rooster is one of a profusion of Belgian ornamental bantam chickens

Brazil

  • Balazēo Cealio
  • Brazilian Grey
  • Kalabèo

Bulgaria

Black Shumen chicken
  • Black Shumen chicken
  • Starozagorska red chicken

Canada

Chile

China

The Silkie is iconic for its unusual fur-like plumage

Croatia

  • Croatian Dwarf chicken (Hrvatska patuljasta kokoš)
  • Dalmatian chicken (Dalmatinska kokoš)
  • Hrvatican (Hrvatica)
  • Križevac Crested chicken (Križevačka kukmasta kokoš)
  • Sava Crested chicken (Posavska kukumasta kokoš)
  • Slavonian Dwarf Naked Neck chicken (Slavonska patuljasta golovrata kokoš)

Cuba

Cubalaya

Czechia

  • Czech gold brindled hen (Česká slepice zlatá kropenatá, Česká zlatá kropenka, Češka)
  • Šumavanka

Egypt

Finland

  • Finnish Chickens

France

Faverolles

Germany

  • Annaberger chicken
  • Augsburger chicken
  • Bergischer Long Crower
  • Bergischer Schlotterkamm
  • Bielefelder
  • Deutscher Sperber
  • Deutsches Reichshuhn
  • Dresdner chicken
  • East Frisian Gull
  • German Faverolles
  • German Langshan
  • Hamburg
  • Kraienköppe (Twentse)
  • Lakenvelder
  • Niederrheiner chicken
  • Pfalz chicken (Pfälzer Kampfhuhn)
  • Phoenix
  • Ramelsloher
  • Rheinlander
  • Saxonian Chickens
  • Sundheimer chicken
  • Thuringian Bearded chicken
  • Vogtländer chicken
  • Vorwerk
  • Westphalian chicken

Greece

Source [5]

  • Alonissos island Chicken
  • Boufunes
  • Curly Chicken Mutation
  • Follidotes Chicken
  • Greek Cuckoo spotted chicken
  • Hooded Greek Chicken
  • Chios Fighting Chicke
  • Kalamata Chicken
  • Komotini Long Crow Chicken
  • Lesvos Dwarf Naked Necked Chicken
  • Lesvos Fillianes Chicken
  • Milos Island Chicken
  • Pomak Fighting Chicken

India

  • Giri Raja (The Mountain King)
  • Kalinga Brown
  • Mumbai Desi
  • Grama Lakshmi
  • Naati Kori(Kudla)
  • Kadaknath
  • Dwarf
  • Control Broiler
  • Aseel
  • Dalhem Red
  • Vanaraja (The Forest King)
  • Gramapriya
  • Punjab Broiler
  • Brahma
  • Nicobari

Iceland

Indonesia

Sumatra cock
  • Ayam Cemani
  • Bekisar (interspecific hybrid)
  • Sumatra (chicken)
  • Kedu (nationally standardized)
  • Nunukan/Tawao
  • Pelung (long-crower, locally standardized)
  • Ketawa ("laughing" or staccato-crower, local bred from Rappang, South Sulawesi)
  • Bali (naked-necked chicken)

Iran

Italy

Leghorn

Japan

Korea

  • Gangwon Jaeraedak
  • Jangmigye
  • Yeongsan ogye
  • Han Do

Kosovo

  • Kosova Long Crowing Rooster

Malaysia

Marianas

Netherlands

A Barnevelder trio

New Zealand

  • Bawu Hawu
  • New Zealand Junglefowl
  • Waki Waki Hawa

Norway

Pakistan

  • Asil (or Aseel)
  • Afghan game fowl
  • Buff chicken

Philippines

  • Philippine Native Chicken

Poland

  • Green-legged Chicken
  • Poland

Portugal

  • Pedrês Portuguesa
  • Amarela
  • Preta Lusitânica

Romania

Naked Neck

Russia

Serbia

  • Banat Naked Neck (Banatski gološijan)
  • Sombor chicken (Somborska kaporka)
  • Svrljig chicken (Svrljiška kokoš) [7]

Slovakia

  • Oravka

South Africa

  • Ovambo [8]
  • Potchefstroom Koekoek [8]
  • Venda [8]

Spain

A Minorca rooster
  • Pardo de León
  • Pedresa
  • Penedesenca
  • Pintarrazada
  • Pita Pinta Asturiana
  • Serrana de Teruel
  • Sobrarbe

Switzerland

  • Appenzeller (Barthühner and Spitzhauben)
  • Schweizer chicken (Schweizerhuhn)
===Sweden===
  • Hedemora (chicken)
  • skånsk blomme(chicken)
  • åsbo(chicken)
  • ölands(chicken)
  • gotlands(chicken)
  • kinda(chicken)
  • hedemora(chicken)
  • orusthöna
  • bohuslän-dals svart (chicken) black
  • gammalsvensk (Dwarf chicken)
  • öländsk (dwarf ckicken)dvärghöna

Turkey

Ukraine

United Kingdom

The Buff variety of Orpington, here a rooster, is quite popular breed for smaller flocks.

United States

Vietnam

By primary use

All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may technically be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.

Eggs

Araucanas are one of the only breeds to lay blue or green eggs, and can be recognized by their lack of tail and distinctive ear tufts

Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.

Meat

Some breeds are preferred for meat alone, though the commercial broiler market is currently monopolized by the Cornish-Rock (a hybrid of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock). Many smaller farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production.

Dual-purpose

The Barred Plymouth Rock is a very popular dual-purpose breed

The generalist breeds used in barnyards the world over are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.

Exhibition

Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit.

Key

U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.

G denotes a game breed.
Modern Games were developed purely for exhibition

Bantams

Sebrights, such as this Golden cockerel, are among the most popular of bantams

Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:

Cross-breeds

See also Category:Chicken hybrids

Many common strains of cross-bred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards. Thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, cross-breeds do not technically meet the definition of a breed. Most cross-breed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d (Ekarius 2007, p. 23)
  2. ^ (Heinrichs 2007, pp. 20–21)
  3. ^ a b (Ekarius 2007)
  4. ^ a b (Heinrichs 2007)
  5. ^ Rare Breeds and Varieties of Greece - Atlas 2010
  6. ^ (Percy 2006, p. 17)
  7. ^ Svrljig chicken
  8. ^ a b c Agricultural Research Council - The indigenous poultry breeds of SA

References

  • American Standard of Perfection. American Poultry Association. 
  • Ekarius, Carol (2007). Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds. 210 MAS MoCA Way, North Adams MA 01247: Storey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58017-667-5. 
  • Graham, Chris (2006). Choosing and Keeping Chickens. 2–4 Heron Quays London E14 4JP: Octopus Publishing. ISBN 9780793806010. 
  • Heinrichs, Christine (2007). How To Raise Chickens. Voyageur Press. ISBN 9780793806010. 
  • Percy, Pam (2006). The Field Guide to Chickens. Suite 200, 380 Jackson St, St Paul MN 55101: Voyageur Press. ISBN 0760324735. http://books.google.com/books?id=m2YXUOJEMeIC&dq=field+guide+to+chickens&cad=0. 

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