- Chick sexing
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Chicks of different sexes can appear quite similar.
Chick sexing is the method of distinguishing the sex of chicken and other hatchlings, usually by a trained person called a chick sexer or chicken sexer.[1] Chicken sexing is practiced mostly by large commercial hatcheries, who have two different feeding programmes, one for the females (or hens) who are destined to lay eggs for commercial sale, and the others for the males (or cocks), most of which will be culled within days of hatching because they are irrelevant to egg production. A limited number may be kept and fattened for their meat. The chicken sexer puts the chicken hatchlings on the appropriate track early, enabling those chickens to receive optimal nourishment for their likely commercial role from an early age.
Different segments of the poultry industry sex chickens for various reasons. In farms that produce eggs, males are unwanted; for meat production, separate male and female lines for breeding are maintained to produce the hybrid birds that are sold for the table, and chicks of the wrong sex in either line are unwanted. Chicks of an unwanted sex are killed almost immediately to reduce costs to the breeder.[1]
Contents
Methods of chick sexing
There are two chief methods of sexing chicks: feather sexing and vent sexing.
Vent sexing
Vent sexing, also known simply as venting, involves literally squeezing the feces out of the chick, which opens up the chick's anal vent (called a cloaca) slightly, allowing the chicken sexer to see if the chick has a small "bump", which would indicate that the chick is a male. Some females have very small bumps, but rarely do they have the large bumps male chicks possess.
The sexual organs of birds are located within the body; the professional vent sexer has studied their external appearance, which can fall into as many as fifteen basic patterns, and learned to identify which ones are male and which female. Many professional vent sexers are Japanese, where the method originated. A seminal paper about vent sexing was published in Japan in 1933 by Professors Masui and Hashimoto, which was soon translated into English under the title sexing baby chicks. After their discovery, interested poultry breeders hired those who had been trained in Masui and Hashimoto's technique, or sent representatives to Japan to learn it.
Alternative methods
Small poultry farmers whose operations are not of sufficient size to warrant hiring a chicken sexer must wait until the hatchlings are four to six weeks old before learning the sexes of their chickens. At that time their secondary sex characteristics begin to appear, making it possible for anyone with a minimal amount of training to sex a chicken.
Trivia
- Chick sexing was featured in episode 7 of Dirty Jobs.
- Chick sexing is Steve Smith's summer occupation on the November 16, 2008 episode of American Dad.
- Chick sexing was an important mode of employment for second-generation Japanese Americans (Nisei), who dominated the trade between the late 1930s and 1950s.
- The 'example of the chicken sexers' is famous in several debates in philosophy, especially in the internalism/externalism debate in epistemology.
See also
References
External links
- Poultry: Sexing of day-old chicks as a sport
- How to tell the sex of Chicks - including general signs, breed specific tips and old wives tales.
- Abstract: The art of chicken sexing - a cognitive science discussion
- The art of chicken sexing - full article (PDF)
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