Eastern Cape

Eastern Cape Oos-Kaap (Afrikaans) Mpuma-Kapa (Xhosa)
—  Province of South Africa  —
The Province of the Eastern Cape
Coat of arms
Motto: Development through Unity
Location of the Eastern Cape in South Africa
Country	South Africa
Established	27 April 1994
Capital	Bhisho
Districts	List Nelson Mandela Bay Cacadu Amatole Chris Hani Joe Gqabi OR Tambo Alfred Nzo
Government
– Type	Parliamentary system
– Premier	Noxolo Kiviet (ANC)
Area[1]
– Total	168,966 km2 (65,238.1 sq mi)
Area rank	2nd in South Africa
Highest elevation	3,019 m (9,905 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population (2007)[2][3]
– Total	6,527,747
– Estimate (2010)	6,743,800
– Rank	3rd in South Africa
– Density	38.6/km2 (100.1/sq mi)
– Density rank	6th in South Africa
Population groups[4]
– Black African	87.6%
– Coloured	7.5%
– White	4.7%
– Indian or Asian	0.3%
Languages[5]
– Xhosa	83.7%
– Afrikaans	9.6%
– English	3.7%
– Sotho	2.5%
Time zone	SAST (UTC+2)
ISO 3166 code	ZA-EC
Website	www.ecprov.gov.za

The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho, but its two largest cities are Port Elizabeth and East London. It was formed in 1994 out of the "independent" Xhosa homelands of Transkei and Ciskei, together with the eastern portion of the Cape Province. Landing place and home of the 1820 settlers, the central and eastern part of the province is the traditional home of the Xhosa people. This region is the birthplace of many prominent South African politicians, such as Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Chris Hani, Thabo Mbeki, Steve Biko and Charles Coghlan.

History

The Eastern Cape as a South African Province came into being in 1994 and incorporated areas from the former Xhosa homelands of the Transkei and Ciskei, together with what was previously part of the Cape Province. This resulted in several anomalies including the fact that the Province has four superior courts (at Grahamstown, Port Elizabeth, Bhisho and Mthatha) and enclaves of Kwa-Zulu Natal in the province. The latter anomaly has fallen away with the amendments to municipal and provincial boundaries.

Law and Government

Main article: Politics of the Eastern Cape

The first premier was Raymond Mhlaba of the African National Congress and current premier of Eastern Cape province is Noxolo Kiviet of the African National Congress.

Geography

See also List of cities and towns in the Eastern Cape

The Eastern Cape gets progressively wetter from west to east. The west is mostly semi-arid Karoo, except in the far south, which is temperate rainforest in the Tsitsikamma region. The coast is generally rugged with interspersed beaches. Most of the province is hilly to very mountainous between Graaff-Reinet and Rhodes including the Sneeuberge (English: Snow Mountains), Stormberge, Winterberge and Drakensberg (English: Dragon Mountains). The highest point in the province is Ben Macdhui at 3001m. The east from East London towards the Kwa-Zulu Natal border – a region known as Transkei – is lush grassland on rolling hills, punctuated by deep gorges with intermittent forest.

Eastern Cape has a shoreline in the south on the South Indian Ocean. In the northeast, it borders the following districts of Lesotho:

• Mohale's Hoek – west of Quthing
• Quthing – between Mohale and Qacha's Nek
• Qacha's Nek – east of Quthing

Domestically, it borders the following provinces:

• Western Cape – west
• Northern Cape – northwest
• Free State – north
• KwaZulu-Natal – far northeast

Climate

Climate is highly varied. The west is dry with sparse rain during winter of summer, with frosty winters and hot summers. The Tsitsikamma to Grahamstown receives more precipitation, which is also relatively evenly distributed and temperatures are mild. Further east, rainfall becomes more plentiful and humidity increases, becoming more subtropical along the coast with summer rainfall. The interior can become very cold in winter, with heavy snowfalls occasionally occurring in the mountainous regions between Molteno and Rhodes.

• Port Elizabeth: Jan Max: 25 °C, Min: 18 °C; Jul Max: 20 °C, Min: 9 °C
• Molteno & Barkly East: Jan Max 28 °C, Min 11 °C; Jul Max: 14 °C, Min: -7 °C

Tourism

Aloe ferox on the R61 route between Cofimvaba and Ngcobo.

The landscape is extremely diverse. The western interior is largely arid Karoo, while the east is well-watered and green. The Eastern Cape offers a wide array of attractions, including 800 km of untouched and pristine coastline along with some particularly splendid beaches, and "big-five" viewing in a malaria-free environment.

The Addo Elephant National Park, situated 73 km from Port Elizabeth, was proclaimed in 1931. Its 743 km² offers sanctuary to 170 elephants, 400 Cape buffalo and 21 black rhino of the very scarce Kenyan sub-species.

The province is the location of South Africa's only ski resort, Tiffindell, which is situated near the hamlet of Rhodes in the Southern Drakensberg on the slopes of the highest mountain peak in the Eastern Cape (3001 m).

The National Arts Festival, held in Grahamstown is Africa's largest and most colourful cultural event, offering a choice of the very best of both indigenous and imported talent. Every year for 11 days the town's population almost doubles, as over 50,000 people flock to the region for a feast of arts, crafts and sheer entertainment.

The Tsitsikamma National Park is an 80 km long coastal strip between Nature's Valley and the mouth of the Storms River. In the park the visitor finds an almost untouched natural landscape. Near the park is the Bloukrans Bridge, which is the world's third highest bungee jump.

Jeffreys Bay is an area with some of the country's wildest coastline, which is backed by some of Africa's most spectacular sub-tropical rainforest. Famous for its "supertubes", probably South Africa's longest and most consistently good wave, it's charged with a surf vibe as relaxed as it is friendly, and this tends to soften the effect of the wealthy set who have made this part of the coast their own.

Aliwal North, lying on a splendid agricultural plateau on the southern bank of the Orange River, is one of the country's most popular inland resorts and is famous for its hot springs.

The rugged and unspoilt Wild Coast is a place of spectacular scenery, and a graveyard for many vessels.

Economy

The Eastern Cape was one of the poorest provinces in South Africa. This was largely due to the poverty found in the former homelands, where subsistence agriculture predominates.

Agriculture

There is much fertile land in the Eastern Cape, and agriculture is important. The fertile Langkloof Valley in the southwest has enormous deciduous fruit orchards, while sheep farming predominates in the Karoo. The Alexandria-Grahamstown area produces pineapples, chicory and dairy products, while coffee and tea are cultivated at Magwa. People in the former Transkei region are dependent on cattle, maize and sorghum-farming. An olive nursery has been developed in collaboration with the University of Fort Hare to form a nucleus of olive production in the Eastern Cape.

The basis of the province's fishing industry is squid, some recreational and commercial fishing for line fish, the collection of marine resources, and access to line-catches of hake.

Industry

The two major industrial centres, Port Elizabeth and East London have well-developed economies based on the automotive industry. General Motors and Volkswagen both have major assembly lines in the Port Elizabeth area, while East London is dominated by the large DaimlerChrysler plant. The largest construction project in Africa is currently underway at Coega, about 20 km north of Port Elizabeth, where a new harbour is being built. It is expected that this development will give the province a major economic boost.

With two harbours and three airports offering direct flights to the main centres, and an excellent road and rail infrastructure, the province has been earmarked as a key area for growth and economic development. Environmentally friendly projects include the Fish River Spatial Development Initiative, the Wild Coast SDI, and two industrial development zones, the West Bank in East London and, near Port Elizabeth, Coega – the largest infrastructure development in post-apartheid South Africa. Plans for the development of the area as an export-orientated zone include the construction of the deepwater Port of Ngqura.

Other important sectors include finance, real estate, business services, wholesale and retail trade, and hotels and restaurants.

Municipalities

Population density in the Eastern Cape

<1 /km²   1–3 /km²   3–10 /km²   10–30 /km²   30–100 /km²

100–300 /km²   300–1000 /km²   1000–3000 /km²   >3000 /km²

Dominant home languages in the Eastern Cape

Afrikaans   English   Xhosa

Zulu   Sotho   No language dominant

The Eastern Cape Province is divided into 38 local municipalities and one metropolitan municipality:

Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality Alfred Nzo District Matatiele Umzimvubu

Amatole District Amahlathi Buffalo City Great Kei Mbhashe Mnquma Ngqushwa Nkonkobe Nxuba

Cacadu District Baviaans Blue Crane Route Camdeboo Ikwezi Kou-Kamma Kouga Makana Ndlambe Sunday's River Valley

Chris Hani District Emalahleni Ngcobo Inkwanca Intsika Inxuba Yethemba Lukhanji Sakhisizwe Tsolwana

O.R. Tambo District Ngquza Hill King Sabata Dalindyebo Mbizana Mhlontlo Ntabankulu Nyandeni Port St. Johns

Ukhahlamba District Elundini Gariep Maletswai Senqu

Education

• Universities
  • Comprehensive Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (Port Elizabeth)
  • Rhodes University (Grahamstown)
  • University of Fort Hare (Alice)
  • Walter Sisulu University for Technology and Science (Buffalo City, Butterworth, Mthatha, Queenstown)

• Other educational institutions
  • Port Elizabeth College

Sports

• Soccer
  • Bay United F.C. (Port Elizabeth)

• Cricket
  • Chevrolet Warriors (Port Elizabeth)

• Rugby
  • Mighty Elephants (Port Elizabeth)
  • Border Bulldogs (East London)
  • Southern Kings (Port Elizabeth)

References

1. ^ Stats in Brief, 2010. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2010. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-621-39563-1. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/StatsInBrief/StatsInBrief2010.pdf. 
2. ^ "Community Survey 2007: Basic results" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. p. 2. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/CS2007Basic/CS2007Basic.pdf. Retrieved 14 January 2011. 
3. ^ Mid-year population estimates, 2010 (Report). Statistics South Africa. 2010. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022010.pdf. Retrieved 14 January 2011. 
4. ^ "Statistical release P0301: Community Survey, 2007 (Revised version)" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. p. 25. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0301/P0301.pdf. Retrieved 7 October 2009. 
5. ^ "Table: Census 2001 by province, language, population group and gender.". Census 2001 Interactive Tables. Statistics South Africa. http://www.statssa.gov.za/timeseriesdata/pxweb2006/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=Language%20by%20province&ti=Table%3A+Census+2001+by+province%2C+language%2C+population+group+and++gender%2E&path=../Database/South%20Africa/Population%20Census/Census%202001%20-%20NEW%20Demarcation%20boundaries%20as%20at%209%20December%202005/Provincial%20level%20-%20Persons/&lang=1. Retrieved 28 January 2010. 

External links

• Eastern Cape National Government information
• Eastern Cape Provincial Government
• Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council
• Eastern Cape Tourism Board
• Eastern Cape Development Corporation

Coordinates: 32°S 27°E / 32°S 27°E / -32; 27