Names of European cities in different languages: M–P

M

English name	Other names or former names
Maastricht	Mastriht (Serbian), Maastricht (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Romanian), Maseuteuriheuteu/Masŭt'ŭrihŭt'ŭ - 마스트리흐트 (Korean), Maestricht (former French, Romanian variant), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Māstrihta (Latvian), Mastrique (Spanish), Māsutorihito - マーストリヒト (Japanese)*, Mestreech (Limburgish), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin)
Madrid	Mǎdélǐ - 馬德里 (Traditional Chinese), Mǎdélǐ - 马德里 (Simplified Chinese), Madeurideu/Madŭridŭ - 마드리드 (Korean), Madhríti - Μαδρίτη (Greek), Madorīdo - マドリード (Japanese)*, Madri (Brazilian Portuguese), Madrid (Afrikaans, Asturian, Azeri, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Maltese, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Madrid - Мадрид (Bulgarian, Russian), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madride (Latvian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madril (Basque), Madrit (Old Catalan), Madryd - Мадрыд (Belarusian), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), مدريد (Arabic), मद्रीद (Hindi), مادرید (Persian)
Mahilyow	Mahilyoŭ - Магілёў (Belarusian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Mogilyov - Могилёв (Russian), Molev - מאָלעװ (Yiddish), Movilău (Romanian), Moghilău (Romanian variant), Mogiliovas (Lithuanian)
Mainz	Määnz (local dialect), Maghentía - Μαγεντία (Greek), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Magúncia (Catalan), Maienţa (old Romanian), Mainca (Latvian), , Maincheu/Mainch'ŭ - 마인츠 (Korean), Maintsu - マインツ (Japanese)*, Mainz (Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Meenz (former local dialect), Měiyīncí - 美因茨 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak)
Makedonska Kamenica	Makedonska Kamenica (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Македонска Каменица (Macedonian)
Makedonski Brod	Makedonski Brod (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Македонски Брод (Macedonian)
Makó	Macǎu (Romanian), Makó (Hungarian), Makov (Slovak), Makov - מאַקאָוו (Yiddish), Makowa (German)
Málaga	Málaga (German, English, Basque, French, Galician, Interlingue, Italian, Portuguese), Màlaga (Catalan), Malaga (Kabylian, Ladino, Polish), Malago (Esperanto), Malaca (Latin), مالقة (Arabic), Málaga - מאלגה (Hebrew), Málaga - 马拉加 (Chinese), Maraga - マラガ (Japanese)*
Malbork	Malborg (Romanian), Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German)
Malmedy	Malmedy (Dutch, French, German), Malmünde (former German)
Malmö	Ellenbogen (former German), Malme (Latvian), Malmø (Danish), Malmö (Azeri, Finnish, German, Swedish, Turkish), Malmoe - 말뫼 (Korean), Malmogia (Latin), Marume - マルメ (Japanese)*, MǎěrMò - 马尔默 (simplified) 馬爾默 (traditional) (Chinese)
Manchester	Maencheseuteo/Maench'esŭt'ŏ - 맨체스터 (Korean), Mamucium (Latin), Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Manchain (Irish), Mànchèsītè - 曼彻斯特 (simplified) 曼徹斯特 (traditional) (Chinese), Manchéster (Portuguese), Manchesutā - マンチェスター (Japanese)*, Mankhestría - Μαγχεστρία (Greek), منچستر (Persian)
Mantua	Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Maltese, Romanian, Slovak), Mantua (Dutch, German, Latin, Spanish), Màntua (Catalan), Mântua (Portuguese), Mantoba/Mant'oba - 만토바 (Korean)
Maribor	Marburg an der Drau (German), Marburgo (Portuguese), Maribor (Azeri, Finnish, German, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian)
Mariehamn	Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish)
Marktredwitz	Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech)
Marseille	Mạc Xây or Mac-xây (Vietnamese), Marcel - Մարսել (Armenian), Mareuseyu/Marŭseyu - 마르세유 (Korean), Marseia - מרסיי (Hebrew)*, Marseilla (Basque)*, Marseille (Finnish*, French*, Swedish*), Marseilles (English variant)*, Marsejlo (Esperanto)*, Marsel (Azeri*, Marsel’ - Марсель (Russian)*, Marseļa (Latvian)*, Marselha (Portuguese)*, Marselis (Lithuanian)*, Marselj (Serbian), Marsella (Catalan*, Spanish*), Marseya (Ladino)*, Marsigghia (Sicilian)*, Marsigla (Romansh), Marsiglia (Italian)*, Marsilha or Marselha* (Occitan), Marsilia (Romanian)*, Marsilja (Maltese), Marsīliyā - مارسيليا (Arabic)*, Marsilya (Turkish*), Marsylia (Polish)*, Maruseiyu - マルセイユ (Japanese)*, Masalía - Μασσαλία (Greek)*, Massilia (Latin)*, مارسی (Persian), MǎSài - 马赛 (simplified) 馬賽 (traditional) (Chinese)
Mechelen	Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French, Romanian), Mechelen (Dutch, Finnish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name), Mekeln (Gronings)
Meißen	Maisen - マイセン (Japanese)*, Meisene (Latvian), Meißen (German), Meissen (Dutch, English, French, Romanian), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish)
Melk	Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (former German)
Menton	Menton (French), Mentone (Italian)
Messina	Mesīna (Latvian), Mesina (Spanish), Mesíni - Μεσσίνη (Greek), Messhīna - メッシーナ (Japanese)*, Messina (Azeri, Catalan, Dutch, Finnish, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Turkish), Messine (French), Messyna / Mesyna (Polish), Micina (Old Spanish), Missina (Sicilian)
Metz	Divodurum (Latin), Meca (Latvian), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Méty (Czech), Metz (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian)
Medzhybizh	Medschybisch (German), Medžibož - Меджибож (Russian), Medžybiž (Finnish), Medžybiž - Меджибіж (Ukrainian), Mezbizh - מעזביזש (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Polish)
Miercurea-Ciuc	Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German)
Mikkeli	Mikkeli (Finnish), Sankt Michel (Swedish)
Mikulov	Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German)
Milan	Mailand (German), Majland (Old Hungarian), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana - Μεδιόλανα (former Greek), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Afrikaans, Dutch), Milan (Azeri, French, Friulian, German, Maltese, Milanese, Slovene), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Mǐlán - 米兰 (simplified) 米蘭 (traditional) (Chinese), Milāna (Latvian), Milanas (Lithuanian), Milano - Милано (Bulgarian), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Miláno - Μιλάνο (Greek), Milánó (Hungarian), Miláno (Slovak), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milaun (Romansh), Millano - 밀라노 (Korean), Mirano - ミラノ (Japanese)*, میلان (Persian)
Minsk	Miensk - Менск (classical Belarusian), Minseukeu/Minsŭk'ŭ - 민스크 (Korean), Minsk (Azeri, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Turkish), Minsk - Мінск (Belarusian), Minsk - Минск (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Minsk - מינסק (Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k - Мінськ (Ukrainian), Minska (Latvian), Minskas (Lithuanian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minsuku - ミンスク (Japanese)*, Minszk (Hungarian), مینسک (Persian), MíngSīKè - 明斯克 (simplified) 明斯克 (traditional) (Chinese)
Miskolc	Miskolc (Hungarian, Finnish), Miškolc (Serbian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish), Mişcolţ (Romanian)
Moineşti	Moineşti (Romanian), Mojnest (Hungarian)
Modena	Modène (French), Módena (Portuguese, Spanish), Mòdena (Catalan), Mutina (Latin), MōDiǎnNà - 摩德納 (simplified) 摩典納 (traditional) (Chinese)
Monaco	Manaka - Манака (Belarusian), Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Romanian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Mônaco (Brazilian Portuguese), Mónàgē - 摩納哥 (Traditional Chinese), Mónàgē - 摩纳哥 (Simplified Chinese), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Azeri, Basque, Bosnian, Croatian, Esperanto, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Monakó - (Hungarian) Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monegue (Occitan), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque), Monako - モナコ (Japanese)*, Monako - Монако (Bulgarian), Monako/Monak'o - 모나코 (Korean), Mónec (Old Catalan)
Mons	Berg (Limburgish), Bergen (Afrikaans*, Dutch, German), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (Afrikaans variant, French, Romanian), Mont (Walloon)
Monschau	Monschau (German), Montjoie (French)
Montbéliard	Mömpelgard (former German), Montbéliard (French, Romanian)
Monza	Montsch (former German), Montsa - モンツァ (Japanese)*, Monza (Italian, Maltese)
Morąg	Mohrungen (German), Morąg (German, Polish)
Moscow	Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Lithuanian), Maskva - Масква (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscau (Romansh), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (Catalan, French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscovo (European Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Mosgo (Scottish Gaelic), Moska (Maltese), Mosekao (Hawaiian), Mòsīkē - 莫斯科 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Moskau (German), Móskha - Μόσχα (Greek), Moskou (Afrikaans, Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva - Մոսկվա (Armenian), Moskva (Azeri, Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Hebrew, Icelandic, Norwegian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Moskva - Москва (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Moskve - מאָסקװע (Standard written Yiddish), Moskiv - מאָסקעװ (spoken Southeastern Yiddish), Moskeve - מאָסקעװע (spoken Central Yiddish), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Indonesian, Polish), Mosukuwa - モスクワ (Japanese)*, Moszkva (Hungarian), موسكو Mūskū (Arabic), Matxcơva or Mạc Tư Khoa (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), Moseukeuba/Mosŭk'ŭba - 모스크바 (Korean), مسکو (Persian)
Mosonmagyaróvár	Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German)
Motovun	Montona (Italian), Motovun (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian)
Mouscron	Moeskroen (Dutch), Mouscron (French)
Mścisłaŭ	See Amścisłaŭ
Mukacheve	Mucacevo (Romanian), Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian, Serbian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh - מינקאַטש (Yiddish), Muncaci (Romanian variant), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German)
Mulhouse	Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (Finnish, French, Romanian), Mylhúzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish), Milouzi - Μυλούζη (Greek)
Munich	Minca (Romansh), Minga (Bavarian), Minhen (Bosnian, Serbian), Minhene (Latvian), Minkhn - מינכן (Yiddish); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Myunkhen - Мюнхен (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Mnichów (old Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho - Μόναχο (Greek), Monakovo (old Slovene), München (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Low Saxon, modern Slovene, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Munic (Catalan), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Mùníhēi - 慕尼黑 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon), Munikh (Armenian), Muunsjen (Gronings), Myunhen - ミュンヘン (Japanese)*, Mwinhen - 뮌헨 (Korean), مونیخ (Persian)
Munster	Munster (French *, German*), Münster im Elsaß (German*)
Münster	Minstere (Latvian), Münster (German, Romanian, Turkish), Meuster (Walloon), Monastyr (Polish)
Murcia	Murcia (Spanish, English, German), Múrcia (Catalan), Murcie (French), Mursiya (Arabic)
Murmansk	Moermansk (Afrikaans and Dutch), Mureumanseukeu/Murŭmansŭk'ŭ - 무르만스크 (Korean), Mourmansk (French), Murmanska (Latvian), Murmansk - Мурманск (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Murmansk (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Múrmansk (Icelandic), Murmańsk (Polish), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Murumansuku - ムルマンスク (Japanese)*, Muurmanni or Muurmanski (former Finnish), Muurmansk or Murmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name)
Mykolaiv	Mikołajów (Polish), Mykolaiv - Миколаїв (Ukrainian), Mykolajiv (Finnish), Nikolayev - Николаев (Russian)

N

English Name	Other names or former names
Nakhchivan	Naxçıvan (Azeri), Naktchevan (French), Nachitschewan (German), Nachitsjevan (Dutch), Nakhcivan (Italian), Nakhtxivan (Catalan), Najicheván (Spanish), Nakichevan (Portuguese), Nachitjevan (Swedish), Nakhitsjevan (Norwegian, Danish), Nahicseván (Hungarian), Nahitševan (Finnish), Nahhitševan (Estonian), Nakhichevan’ - Нахичевань (Russian), Nakhichevan’ - Нахічевань (Ukrainian), Nachiczewan (Polish), Nachičevan (Czech, Slovak), Nakhchivan - Нахчиван (Serbian), Nākhjāvān - نخجوان (Persian), Nahçıvan (Turkish), Nakhijevan - Նախիջեվան (Armenian), Nexcivan - نخچيڤان (Kurdish), Nakhchevani - ნახჭევანი (Georgian), Nakitseván - Νακιτσεβάν (Greek), Nakhitshevan - נחיתשיו'ן (Hebrew), Nakhitshifan - ناخيتشيفان (Arabic), Nākhtshewān - ܢܚܛܫܘܢ (Syriac), Nagsh-e Jahān - نقش جهان (former Persian)
Namur	Namen (Dutch, former German), Nameur (Walloon), Namur (French, German, Romanian)
Nancy	Nancy (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian), Nanzeg (Luxembourgish), Nanzig (old German)
Nantes	Nangteu/Nangt'ŭ - 낭트 (Korean), Nánti - Νάντη (Greek), Nantes (Dutch, French), Nanto - ナント (Japanese)*, Naoned (Breton)*, Naunnt (Gallo)
Naoussa	Náousa - Νάουσα (Greek), Negush - Негуш (Macedonian, Bulgarian), Ağostos (Turkish)
Naples	Nābūlī (Arabic), Napolli/Nap'olli - 나폴리 (Korean), Napels (Afrikaans, Dutch), Naples (French), Napli (Maltese), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Norwegian, Romanian, Turkish), Nápoli - Νάπολη (modern Greek), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápols (Aragonese), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napori - ナポリ (Japanese)*, Napule (Neapolitan), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German, Swedish), Neapelj (Slovene), Neapol (Azeri, Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol’ - Неаполь (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (Latvian, old Romanian), Neapolis (Latin, Lithuanian), Neápolis - Νεάπολις (ancient Greek), 拿坡里 (Chinese), Neapol - Неапол (Bulgarian)
Narbonne	Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Spanish), Narbonne (Dutch, English, French, German, Romanian)
Narvik	Narviika (Northern Sami), Victoriahavn (former name 1887–98), Nareubikeu/Narŭbik'ŭ - 나르비크 (Korean)
Navahrudak	Naugardukas (Lithuanian), Navahradak - Наваградак (Belarusian, archaic), Nowogródek (Polish), Novogrudok - Новогрудок (Russian)
Negotino	Negotino (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Неготино (Macedonian)
Neuchâtel	Neuchâtel (French, Romanian), Neuenburg (German)
Newcastle upon Tyne	An Caisleán Nua (Irish), Nova Castra (Latin), 纽卡素 (Chinese), Toon (Geordie)
Newport (Monmouthshire)	Casnewydd (Welsh), Novus Burgus (Latin)
Newport (Pembrokeshire)	Trefdraeth (Welsh)
Nice	Nica (Latvian, Lithuanian*, Slovene*), Nica or Nitsa - Ница (Belarusian, Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Niça (Catalan*, Occitan), Nicaea (Latin)*, Nitstsa - Ницца (Russian)*, Nice (French*, Swedish*, Portuguese*), Nicea (Polish)*, Nico (Esperanto)*, Níkea - Νίκαια (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian)*, Nissa (Piedmontese, Occitan variant*, Provençal), Nīsu - ニース (Japanese)*, Niza (Spanish)*, Nizza (Italian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian, Maltese), Niseu/Nisŭ - 니스 (Korean), 尼斯 (Chinese), نیس (Persian)
Nicosia	Lefkoşa (Turkish), Lefkosía - Λευκωσία (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nikoshia - ニコシア (Japanese)*, Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikósie / Lefkósie (Czech), Nikosija (Latvian, Maltese, Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Lithuanian, Serbian, Slovene), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nikosia/Nik'osia - 니코시아 (Korean)
Nieuweschans	Bad Neuschanz (German), Nieuweschans (Dutch), Schaanze/Nijschaanze (Gronings)
Nijmegen	Nijmege (Limburgish), Nijmegen (Dutch*, Romanian), Nimega (Catalan, Italian, Spanish), Nimègue (French), Nîmegue (Walloon), Nimwege (local dialect), Nimwegen (German), Noviomago (Portuguese*), Noviomagus, Oppidum Batavorum and Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum (Latin *), نایمیخن (Persian)
Niort	Niort (France,Spanish,Portuguese,German,Finnish,Italian,Polish,Romanian), Novioritum (Latin), ニオール|- (Japonese), Ньор (Russian)
Niš	Nis / Nisch (German), Nis / Nish (English, French), Niš - Ниш (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian), Niš (Slovak, Slovene), Niŝo (Esperanto), Nisz (Polish), Nix (Asturianu)
Nivelles	Nijvel (Dutch), Nivilles (French), Nisch (German),
Nizhny Novgorod	Gorky (former name 1932–90), Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian, Turkish), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nižni Novgorod (Finnish, Serbian, Slovene), Nižni Noŭharad - Ніжні Ноўгарад (Belarusian), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižnij Novgorod (Czech), Ņižņijnovgoroda (Latvian), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish), Nyizsnyij Novgorod (Hungarian)
Novi Sad	Neoplanta (Latin), Neusatz (German), Novi Sad (Azeri, Romanian, Slovene), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Bulgarian, Ruthenian, Serbian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian), Novisada (Latvian), Nový Sad (Czech, Slovak), Nowy Sad (Polish), Újvidék (Hungarian)
Nowy Sącz	Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish)
Nuoro	Nugoro (Sardinian), Nuoro (Italian)
Nuremberg	Näöreberg (Limburgish), Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Nirnberg (Serbian), Nirnberga (Latvian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian), Norimberg (Slovak, Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürenberg (Romanian), Nürnberg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Russian, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Turkish), Nwireunbereukeu/Nwirŭnberŭk'ŭ - 뉘른베르크 (Korean), Nyurumberuku - ニュルンベルク (Japanese)*, نورمبرگ (Persian)

O

English Name	Other names or former names
Obernai	Oberehnheim (German*), Obernai (French*, German*)
Óbuda (now part of Budapest)	Alt-Ofen or Alt-Buda (German*), Buda (Polish), Buda (Veche) (Romanian), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech)
Odessa	Ades - אַדעס (Yiddish), Hacıbey (obsolete Turkish), Odhisós - Οδησσός (Greek), Odesa (Latvian, Romanian, Turkish), Odesa - Одеса (Bulgarian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Oděsa (Czech), Odessa (Azeri, Polish, Turkish variant), Odessa - Одесса (Russian), Odesa - 오데사 (Korean), Odessza (Hungarian)
Ohrid	Akhrídha - Αχρίδα (Greek variant), Ochryda (Polish), Ocrida (Italian), Ohër (Albanian), Ohri (Turkish), Ohrid - Охрид (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian), Ohrid (Slovenie), Okhrídha - Οχρίδα (Greek). Older Graeco-Illyrian names include Dyassarites, Lychnis, Lychnidos
Olbia	Olbia (Italian), Tarranoa (Corsican), Terranoa (Sardinian), Terranova Pausania (former Italian)
Oldenburg	Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian), Oldenbörg (Gronings), Ollenborg (Low Saxon)
Olkusz	Hilcus (Latin), Ilkenau (German 1942–45), Ilkusz (former Polish), Olkusch (German), Olkusz (Polish)
Olomouc	Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech, Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium, Iuliomontium or Olomucium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish), Alamóc (old Hungarian)
Olsztyn	Allenstein (German), Olštinas (Lithuanian), Olsztyn (Polish), Ol'štyn - Ольштын (Russian)
Oneşti	Oneşti (Romania), Onyest (Hungarian)
Opatija	Abbazia (Italian, Austrian German), Opatija (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Sankt Jakobi ( German, historic)
Opava	Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German)
Opole	Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German)
Oradea	Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Oradea-Mare (former Romanian), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish), Veliki Varadin - Велики Варадин (Serbian)
Oranienburg	Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German), Oranienburg (German)
Oristano	Aristanis (Sardinian), Oristán (Spanish), Oristano (Italian), Oristany (Catalan)
Osijek	Esseg (former German), Eszék (Hungarian), Mursa (Latin), Osek (Slovene), Osijek (Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Romanian, Swedish), Osijekas (Lithuanian), Osiek (Polish), Osijek - Осијек (Serbian), โอซีเยค (Thai)
Oslo	Asloa (Latin), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624–1925), Oseullo/Osŭllo - 오슬로 (Korean), Kristiania (late version of former name), Oslas (Lithuanian), Oslo (Azeri, Indonesian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Osuro - オスロ (Japanese)*, Ūslū (Arabic), 奧斯陸 (Chinese), اسلو (Persian)
Osnabrück	Osnabrugge (Dutch alternate), Osnabrück (Dutch, German, Romanian),Osnabruque (Portuguese), Osnebrog (Gronings)
Ostend	Oostende (Dutch), Ostándi - Οστάνδη (Greek), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostinde (Walloon)
Östersund	Östersund (Swedish), Østersund (Danish, Norwegian), Luvlieluspie (Southern Sami)
Ostrava	Ostrau (German), Ostrava (Czech, Slovak, Slovene), Ostrawa (Polish), Ostrava - Острава (Bulgarian)
Ostróda	Ostróda (Polish), Osterode (German)
Ostrów Wielkopolski	Ostrovia (Latin), Ostrów (former Polish), Ostrów Wielkopolski (Polish), Ostrowo (German)
Oświęcim	Oświęcim (Polish), Auschwitz (German, Romanian), Osventsim - Освенцим (Russian), Aushvitsa (Romani), Osvencima (Latvian), Aušvice (former Latvian), Oshpitizin (Yiddish), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Osvyenchim (Romani), 奧斯威辛 (Chinese)
Oulu	Oulu (Estonian, Finnish, Polish), Oulu (Latvian), Uleåborg (Swedish)
Oxford	牛津 (Niú jìn - literally ox ford) (Chinese), Okkusufōdo - オックスフォード (Japanese)*, Okseupodeu/Oksŭp'odŭ - 옥스포드 (Korean), Oksford (Azeri, Polish, Serbian), Oksforda (Latvian), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksfórdhi - Οξφόρδη (Greek), Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxford - Оксфорд (Bulgarian, Russian), Oxonia (Latin), Oxónia (Portuguese), Resoghen (Cornish), Rhydychen (Welsh)
Ozieri	Ocier (Spanish, Catalan), Othieri (Sardinian), Ozieri (Italian)

P

English Name	Other names or former names
Padua	Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Maltese, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Pádova (Hungarian), Padua (Dutch, German, medieval Latin, Spanish, Swedish), Pádua (Portuguese), Pàdua (Catalan), Paduja (Latvian), Paduya - Падуя (Russian), Padwa (Polish), Padue (Friulian), Pàdoa (Piedmontese), Pádhoua - Πάδουα / Pádhova - Πάδοβα (Greek), Patavium (classical Latin), პადუა (Georgian), Padoba/P'adoba - 파도바 (Korean)
Palermo	Balharm or Balerm (Arabic), Palerm (Catalán), Palerma - Палерма (Belarusian), Palermo - Палермо (Russian), Palermas (Lithuanian), Palerme (French), Palermo (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, German, Italian, Finnish, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Palermu or Palemmu (Sicilian), Pallereumo/P'allerŭmo - 팔레르모 (Korean), Pánormos - Πάνορμος (Greek), Panormus (Latin), Parerumo - パレルモ (Japanese)*, პალერმო (Georgian)
Pamplona	Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Pamplona (Azeri, Catalan, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish), Pompaelo (Latin), პამპლონა (Georgian), 팜플로냐 (Korean)
Panevėžys	Poniewież (Polish), Ponevezh - Поневеж (Russian), Ponewesch (German), Panevēža (Latvian), პანევეჟისი (Georgian)
Paris	Bārīs (Arabic), Lutetia Parisiorum (Latin), Paräis (Luxembourgish), Páras (Irish), Pari - パリ (Japanese)*, Pari/P’ari - 파리 (Korean), Paries (Limburgish), Parigi (Italian), Pariġi (Maltese), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish, Icelandic), Paris (Azeri, French, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Piedmontese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Pa-ris or Ba-lê (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), Parísi - Παρίσι (Greek), Parísii - Παρίσιοι (Greek, καθαρεύουσα), Parisium (medieval Latin), Pariz (Breton, Croatian, Slovene), Pariž - Париж (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Paříž (Czech), Pariz - Париз (Serbian), Paríž (Slovak), Pariz - פּאַריז (Yiddish), Parīze (Latvian), Parizo (Esperanto), Párizs (Hungarian), Parys (Afrikaans), Paryż (Polish), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryž - Парыж (Belarusian), 巴黎 (Chinese), პარიზი (Georgian)
Parma	Parme (French), Párma (Hungarian), Párma - Πάρμα (Greek), პარმა (Georgian), Parma (Italian, Czech, Maltese, Slovak), Paruma - パルマ (Japanese)*
Pärnu	Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Swedish), Pernau (German), Pērnava (Latvian), Piarnu (Belarusian, Lithuanian), Pernov - Пернов (Russian), პიარნუ (Georgian)
Passau	Batavia Bavariae (medieval Latin), Castra Batava (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech, Slovak), Passau (Dutch, French, German, Romanian, Turkish), Passavia (Italian), Pasava (Serbian), პასაუ (Georgian), Båssa (Bavarian)
Patras	Patra (Modern Greek), Patrae (Latin), Patrasso (Italian), Patras (Azeri, Dutch, French, German)
Pavia	Pavia (Italian, German, Dutch), Ticinum (classical Latin), Papia (medieval Latin), Pavìa (Piedmontese), Pavio (Esperanto), Paviya - Павия (Russian), Pavija - Павија (Serbian), პავია (Georgian)
Pazin	Mitterburg (German), Pazin (Croatian, Serbian), Pisino (Italian),
Pechory	Pechory - Печёры (Russian), Petschur (former German), Petseri (Estonian, Finnish), Peczora (Polish)
Pécs	Beci (old Romanian), Pětikostelí (Czech), Päťkostolie (Slovak), Peç (Turkish), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Pecz (Polish), Pečuj - Печуј (Serbian), Quinqueecclesiae (Latin), Sopianae (old Latin), Cinquechiese (old Italian), პეჩი (Georgian), Печ (Macedonian)
Peenemünde	Peenemünde (German), Pianoujście (Polish)
Pehčevo	Pehčevo (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Пехчево (Macedonian)
Perm	Perm (English, German, Czech, Finnish), Пермь (Russian), Permjo (Esperanto)
Perpignan	Perpignan (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Romanian), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhan (Occitan), Perpinhão (European Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan)
Perugia	Pérouse (French), Perūja - ペルージャ (Japanese)*, Perugia (Dutch, German, Italian, Romanian), Perusa (Spanish), Perusia (Latin), პერუჯა (Georgian)
Petrozavodsk	Petrosawodsk (German), Petroskoi (Finnish), Petrozavodsk - Петрозаводск (Russian), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian), Pietrazavodzk - Петразаводзк (Belarusian), Petrozavodsk (Azeri), Äänislinna (former Finnish), Pietrozawodzk (Polish), პეტროზავოდსკი (Georgian)
Piacenza	Piacenza (Dutch, German, Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish), Piacenţa (Romanian), Placentia (Latin), Plakentía - Πλακεντία (Greek), პიაჩენცა (Georgian)
Piatra Neamţ	Karácsonkő (Hungarian), Kreuzburg an der Bistritz (German), Piatra Neamţ (Romanian)
Piła	Piła (Polish), Schneidemühl (German)
Pilsen	Pilsen (Dutch, German, Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian), Pilzene (Latvian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech, Romanian, Slovak), პლზენი (Georgian)
Pinsk	Pinsk - Пінск (Belarusian), Pinsk - Пинск (Bulgarian, Russian), Pinsk (Dutch, French, German), Pińsk (Polish), Pins'k - Пінськ (Ukrainian), פינסק (Yiddish)
Piotrków Trybunalski	Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish), Petrikau (German), Petrikev - פּעטריקעװ (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian)
Piran	Piran (Croatian, German, Serbian, Slovene), Pirano (Italian), Pyrrhanum (Latin)
Plauen	Plauen (Dutch, French, German, Polish), Plavno (Czech)
Pleven	Pleven (Bulgarian, French, Serbian), Plevna (French alternate, Romanian, Russian), Plevne (Turkish), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (German, Polish), პლევენი (Georgian)
Plovdiv	Filippopoli (old Italian), Philippopolis (Latin), Philipúpoli - Φιλιππούπολη (Greek), Plovdiv (Azeri, Bulgarian, Czech, Dutch, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Plowdiw (German), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian), Trimontium (Latin, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slavic, former name), პლოვდივი (Georgian)
Ploieşti	Ploieashti (Aromanian), Ploesht - Плоещ (Bulgarian), Plorescht (old German), Ploésti - Πλοέστι (Greek), Ploesht - פלוישט (Hebrew), Ploeszti (Polish), Ploešti - Плоешти (Russian)
Plymouth	Aberplym (Cornish), Pleimuiden (Dutch alternate), Plimuto (Esperanto), პლიმუთი (Georgian)
Podgorica	Podgorica (Finnish, French, German, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak), Podogoritsa - ポドゴリツァ (Japanese)*, Ribnica (former name), Titograd (former name), პოდგორიცა (Georgian)
Polatsk	Połacak - Полацак (Belarusian, obsolete), Połack - Полацк (Belarusian), Polock (Czech), Połock (Polish), Polotsk - Полоцк (Russian), Poloţk (Romanian), Polotzk (German),
Pompeii	Pompei (Italian, Azeri, Romanian, Turkish), Pompéi (French), Pompeia (Catalan, Portuguese), Pompeii (Latin), Pompej (Maltese), Pompeji (Danish, Dutch, German, , Slovene, Swedish), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Latvian, Serbian), Pompeje (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Pompiía - Πομπηία (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompei/P'omp'ei - 폼페이 (Korean), Pompei - ポンペイ (Japanese)*
Pontresina	Pontresina (French, German, Italian), Puntraschigna (Romansh)
Porec	Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Porech - Пореч (Russian)
Pori	Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Latvian)
Porto	Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian, Spanish, English variant), Portas (Lithuanian), Porto (Azeri, Czech, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Portó (Hungarian), Portus Cale (Latin), Portu (Latvian), პორტუ (Georgian), Poruto - ポルト (Japanese)*
Porto Torres	Porto Torres (Italian), Pòlsthu Tòrra (Sassarese), Pòrtu Tòrres (Sardinian)
Portorož	Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Serbian, Slovak, Slovene)
Porvoo	Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian), Borgoa (Latin)
Potsdam	波茨坦 (Chinese), Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (Azeri, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdama (Latvian), Potsdamas (Lithuanian), პოტსდამი (Georgian), 포츠담 (Korean), Potsudamu - ポツダム (Japanese)*
Poznań	Poznań (Polish), Posen (Dutch, German), Posnania (Latin), Poyzn - פּױזן (Yiddish), Poznaņa (Latvian), Poznanė (Lithuanian), Poznaň (Czech, Slovak), Poznan (Azeri, French, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Poznań - Познань (Belarusian, Ukrainian), პოზნანი (Georgian), Pojeunan/P'ojŭnan - 포즈난 (Korean), Pozunani - ポズナニ (Japanese)*
Prague	Birāġ (Arabic), Praag (Afrikaans, Dutch, Limburgish), Prag (Bosnian, Croatian, Danish, German, Luxembourgish, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish, Icelandic), پراگ (Persian), Prâg (Welsh), Prág (Irish), Pràg (Scottish Gaelic), Praga (Basque, Catalan, Italian, Kashubian, Latin, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto), Prága - Πράγα (Greek), Prága (Hungarian), Prague (English, French, Tagalog), Praha (Belarusian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Ido, Indonesian, Nauruan, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Prāga (Latvian), Prog - פּראָג (Yiddish), 프라하 (Korean), Puraha - プラハ (Japanese)*, 布拉格 (Chinese), პრაღა (Georgian), Praga - Прага (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian)
Pravdinsk	Friedland (German), Frydland/Frydląd (Polish), Pravdinsk - Правдинск (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian)
Prešov	Eperies (German alternate), Eperjes (Hungarian), Peryeshis (Romani), Preschau (German), Presovia (Latin), Prešov (Czech, Slovak), Preszów (Polish), Pryashev - Пряшев (Russian), Pryašiv - Пряшів (Ukrainian), Pryašuv - Пряшyв (Ruthenian)
Prilep	Prilep (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Прилеп (Macedonian)
Priozersk	Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (Finnish alternate), Priozersk (German, Russian)
Pristina	Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian, Russian), Priština - Прищина (Bulgarian), Prischtina (German), Priština (Czech, Slovak), Priştina (Romanian), Priştine (Turkish), Pristina (French, Hungarian, Portuguese), Pristino (Esperanto), Priština (Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovene), Prístina - Πρίστινα (Greek), Prisztina (Polish), პრიშტინა (Georgian)
Příbor	Freiberg in Mähren (German*)
Probištip	Probištip (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Пробиштип (Macedonian)
Pruszcz Gdański	Pruszcz Gdański (Polish), Praust (German)
Przemyśl	Peremisla (Romanian, old), Peremyshl' - Перемышль (Russian, traditional), Peremyshl' - Перемишль (Ukrainian, traditional), Pieramyšl - Перамышль (Belarusian), Premisl (Romanian), Premisl - פּרעמיסל (Yiddish), Přemyšl (Czech), Prömsel (German, rare), Przemyśl (Polish), Pshemysl' - Пшемысль (Russian, modern official), Pshemysl' - Пшемисль (Ukrainian, modern official)
Pskov	Pskov - Псков (Russian), Pihkova (Finnish), Pihkva (Estonian), Pleskau (historical German), Pleskava (Latvian), Pskov (Azeri, Dutch, French, Romanian), Pskovas (Lithuanian), Pskow (modern German), Psków (Polish), Pskoŭ - Пскоў (Belarusian), ფსკოვი (Georgian)
Puck	Puck (Polish), Pùck (Kashubian), Putzig (German)
Pula	Pola (Dutch, French, German, Italian), Póla (Hungarian), Polei (older German), Pula (Croatian, Czech, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Pulj (Slovene), Poła (Venetian), Puola (Istriot)
Puławy	Pilev - פּילעװ (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish) Pilev (English, Spanish), Pullno (German)
Pyrzyce	Pyrzyce (Polish), Pyritz (German)