Prešov

Geobox | Settlement
name = Prešov
category = City

image_caption = City centre of Prešov

symbol =
etymology =
official_name =
motto =
nickname =
country = Slovakia
country_

state =
region = Prešov
district = Prešov
municipality =
parent = Šariš
parent_type = Tourism region
river = Torysa
location =
elevation = 250
lat_d = 49
lat_m = 00
lat_s = 06
lat_NS = N
long_d = 21
long_m = 14
long_s = 22
long_EW = E
coordinates_type = region:SK_type:city
highest =
highest_elevation =
highest_lat_d =
highest_long_d =
lowest =
lowest_elevation =
lowest_lat_d =
lowest_long_d =
area = 70.40
area_round = 1
population = 91650
population_date = 2006-12-31
population_density = auto
established = 1247
established_type = First mentioned
mayor = Pavel Hagyari
mayor_party = independent
timezone =

map_background = Slovakia - background map.png map_caption = Location in Slovakia
map_locator = Slovakia
map1 = Prešov Region - outline map.svg
map1_background = Prešov Region - background map.png map1_caption = Location in the Prešov Region
map1_locator = Prešov Region
commons = Prešov
statistics = [http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/prvav2.jsp?txtUroven440707&lstObec524140&Okruhzaklad MOŠ/MIS]
website = [http://www.presov.sk www.presov.sk]
footnotes =

Prešov (Audio|Presov.ogg|pronunciation; known also by alternative names) is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is the seat of the administrative Prešov Region ( _sk. Prešovský kraj). With a population of approximately 91,000, it is the third-largest city in the country.

Etymology

The city name originates in the Hungarian word "eper"which means strawberry.cite web | publisher = | url=http://flagspot.net/flags/sk-preso.html| title = Presov city, Slovakia | date = | accessdate = 13 August | accessyear = 2008 | language = English] The city's historical coat of arms also contains strawberries. Historically, the city has been known as "Eperjes" in Hungarian, "Eperies" or "Preschau" in German, "Fragopolis" in Latin, "Preszów" in Polish, "Peryeshis" in Romany, Пряшів/Пряшyв ("Priashiv/Priashuv") in Rusyn and Пряшів in Ukrainian.

Characteristics

The city is a showcase of Baroque, Rococo and Gothic architecture. In the historical center, the main street is lined with churches and other buildings built in these styles. In the suburbs, however, the Soviet influence is clearly evident through the massive concrete apartment buildings (the paneláky) of the Sídliská (housing estates) and the Sekčov district. More Soviet-style architecture is seen in the government buildings near the city center.

Significant industries in the city include mechanical and electrical engineering companies and the clothing industry. Solivary, the only salt mining and processing company in Slovakia, also operates in the city. The city is a seat of an Orthodox archbishopric.

Many concerts, operas, operettas and stage plays are performed at the new building of the Jonáš Záborský Theatre (Divadlo Jonáša Záborského), as well as at the older theatre premises.

The city and the region are contenders for European Capital of Culture 2013. [See [http://www.presov2013.sk Presov 2013 website] ]

History

Habitation in the region of Prešov dates as far back as the Paleolithic period. The oldest discovered tools and mammoth bones are 28,000 years old. The continuous settlement dates to the 8th century.

By the end of the 11th century the town had become part of the Kingdom of Hungary, and Hungarian soldiers settled in the town. According to the legend today's was founded in 1132 by King of Hungary, Blind Béla [cite web | publisher = Protestáns Honlap| url=http://www.lutheran.hu/z/honlapok/protestans/felvidek/eperjes| title = Eperjes (Prešov, Eperies Sk) | date = | accessdate = 13 August | accessyear = 2008 | language = Hungarian, Slovak, German, English] and named after strawberries planted nearby. [Tibor Horváth, "Szlovákia", p. 140 (Hungarian)] In the 13th century many German settlers moved to Prešov from the Spiš region, after the Mongol invasions of 1241. The first written record of Prešov dates back to 1247 in a document of the King Béla IV, when it was mentioned as "Epuries". At that time it was a village belonging to the nearby Šariš Castle. [cite web | publisher = City of Prešov | url = http://www.presov.sk/article.php?i_id_article=3258 | title = Prešov - Prior to The Grant of The City privileges | date = no date | accessdate = 2008-03-18] In 1299 Prešov received municipal privileges from Andrew III, and in 1374 it was declared a free royal town. This led to the development of crafts and trade (especially the export of wine from the Tisza region to Poland). In the 15th century Prešov joined the Pentapolitana, an alliance of five towns of eastern Slovakia (Bardejov, Levoča, Košice, Prešov, and Sabinov).

The first record of a school dates to 1429. In 1572, salt mining began in Solivar (at that time a nearby town, now part of Prešov). Prešov's increased importance meant that in 1647 it became the seat of the Šariš county.

In 1667 the important Evangelic Lutheran College of Prešov was established by Lutherans in the town. In 1687 twenty four prominent citizens and noblemen were executed for supporting the uprising of Imre Thököly.

At the beginning of the 18th century, the population was decimated by the Bubonic plague and by fires to a mere 2,000 inhabitants. By the second half of the century the town had recovered, crafts and trade improved again, and new factories were built. In 1752 the salt mine in Solivar was flooded. Ever since then salt has been produced from salt brine through boiling.

In 1870 the first railway was built to the town from Košice. At the end of the 19th century, the town introduced electricity, telephone, telegraph, and a sewage system. In 1887 fire destroyed a large part of the town. In 1918 Prešov became part of the newly created Czechoslovakia. During World War II, the nearby town of Košice became again part of Hungary by the First Vienna Award. As a result, many institutions moved from Košice to Prešov, thus increasing its importance. In 1944, a professional Slovak Theatre was established in Prešov.

During the Communist Czechoslovakia era after 1948, Prešov became an industrial center. The population increased rapidly from 28,000 in 1950 to 52,000 in 1970 and 91,000 in 1990.

Geography

Prešov lies at an altitude of convert|250|m|ft|0 above sea level and covers an area of convert|70.4|km2|sqmi|1.cite web | title = Municipal Statistics | publisher = Statistical Office of the Slovak republic | date = | url = http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html | accessdate = 2008-01-22] It is located in the north-eastern Slovakia, at the northern reaches of the Košice Basin, at the confluence of the Torysa River with its tributary Sekčov. Mountain ranges nearby include Slanské vrchy (south-east), Šarišská vrchovina (south-west), Bachureň (west) and Čergov (north). The neighbouring city of Košice is convert|34|km|mi|0 to the south, around convert|50|km|mi|0 from the Polish border and convert|410|km|mi|0 away from Bratislava (by road).

Climate

Demographics

Prešov has a population of 91,621 (as of December 31, 2005). According to the 2001 census, 93.7% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 1.4% Roma, 1.2% Rusyns, 1.1% Ukrainians, 0.8% Czechs, and 0.2% Hungarians. The religious make-up was 66.8% Roman Catholics, 13.6% people with no religious affiliation, 8.9% Greek Catholics, 4.8% Lutherans, and 1.68% Orthodox.

Before World War II Prešov had a large Jewish population, and housed a major Jewish museum. Plaques in the town hall and a memorial in the surviving synagogue record that 6,400 Jews were deported from the town under the Tiso government of the First Slovak Republic to the concentration camps run by the Nazi regime of Germany.

Education

Institutions of tertiary education in the city are the University of Prešov with 12,549 students, including 867 doctoral students. cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P24.PDF |title=Technická univerzita Košice |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak] and the private International Business College ISM Slovakia in Prešov, with 455 students. cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P37.PDF |title=Vysoká škola medzinárodného podnikania ISM Slovakia |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak] In addition, the Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies of the Technical University of Košice is based in the city.

There are 15 public primary schools, six private primary schools, and two religious primary schools.cite web | title=Prehľad základných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007 | date= 2006 | publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva | url =http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZS_P7.PDF | accessdate = 2008-03-04 | language = Slovak] Overall, they enroll 9,079 pupils. The city's system of secondary education consists of 10 gymnasia with 3,675 students, cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/GYM_P7.PDF |title=Prehľad gymnázií v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak] 4 specialized high schools with 5,251 students, cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOS_P7.PDF |title=Prehľad stredných odborných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak ] and 11 vocational schools with 5,028 students. cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZSS_P7.PDF |title=Prehľad združených stredných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak] cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOU_P8.PDF |title=Prehľad stredných odborných učilíšť a učilíšť v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak ]

Hiking trails

* European walking route E8
** Prešov - Miháľov - Kurimka - Dukla - Iwonicz-Zdrój – Rymanów-Zdrój - Puławy – Tokarnia (778 m) – Kamień (717 m) – Komańcza - Cisna - Ustrzyki Górne - Tarnica - Wołosate.

ee also

* List of people from Prešov
* Šariš Brewery
* Executive Court of Prešov

Twin towns

Prešov is twinned with:

* Brugherio, Italy
* Keratsini, Greece
* La Courneuve, France
* Nyíregyháza, Hungary
* Nowy Sącz, Poland
* Mukacheve, Ukraine
* Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States [http://www.gpsca.org/index.htm]
* Prague 10, Czech Republic
* Remscheid, Germany
* Rishon LeZion, Israel

References

* [http://www.presov.sk/browse.php?i_id_category=257 Official History of Prešov]
* Prešov town hall (July 2002), Prešov - city profile. Retrieved in June 2004 from http://www.pis.sk/jpis/obsah/html/presov_profile.htm.

Citations

General references

*cite book
last =Horváth
first=Tibor
title = Szlovákia
edition = 1st ed.
year = 1999
publisher = Cartographia
location = Budapest
language = Hungarian
isbn = 9633531802CM

External links

* [http://www.presov.sk/portal.php?language=en Webpage of the town]
* [http://www.slovakia.org/tourism/presov.htm Prešov information from Slovakia.org]

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