Willie Nelson

Willie Nelson
Willie Nelson performing at Farm Aid in 2009
Background information
Birth name	Willie Hugh Nelson
Also known as	Red Headed Stranger Shotgun Willie Dr. Booger
Born	April 30, 1933 (1933-04-30) (age 78) Abbott, Texas United States[1]
Genres	Country, country rock, outlaw country, alternative country
Occupations	Musician Songwriter Producer Actor Activist
Instruments	Vocals, guitar
Years active	1956–present
Labels	Liberty, RCA, Atlantic, Columbia, Island, Justice Records, Lost Highway
Associated acts	Waylon Jennings, The Highwaymen, Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson
Website	www.willienelson.com
Notable instruments
"Trigger" (Martin N-20) Signature of Willie Nelson

Willie Hugh Nelson (born April 30, 1933)^[1] is an American country music singer-songwriter, as well as an author, poet, actor, and activist. The critical success of the album Shotgun Willie (1973), combined with the critical and commercial success of Red Headed Stranger (1975) and Stardust (1978), made Nelson one of the most recognized artists in country music. He was one of the main figures of outlaw country, a subgenre of country music that developed at the end of the 1960s as a reaction to the conservative restrictions of the Nashville sound. Nelson has acted in over 30 films, co-authored several books, and has been involved in activism for the use of biofuels and the legalization of marijuana.

Born during the Great Depression, and raised by his grandparents, Nelson wrote his first song at age seven and joined his first band at ten. During high school, he toured locally with the Bohemian Polka as their lead singer and guitar player. After graduating from high school in 1950, he joined the Air Force but was later discharged due to back problems. After his return, Nelson attended Baylor University for two years but dropped out because he was succeeding in music. During this time, he worked as a disc jockey in Texas radio stations and a singer in honky tonks. Nelson moved to Vancouver, Washington, where he wrote "Family Bible" and recorded the song "Lumberjack" in 1956. In 1960, he signed a publishing contract with Pamper Music which allowed him to join Ray Price's band as a bassist. During that time, he wrote songs that would become country standards, including "Funny How Time Slips Away", "Hello Walls", "Pretty Paper", and "Crazy". In 1962, he recorded his first album, And Then I Wrote. Due to this success, Nelson signed in 1964 with RCA Victor and joined the Grand Ole Opry the following year. After mid-chart hits during the end of 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s, and the failure to succeed in music, Nelson retired in 1972 and moved to Austin, Texas. The rise of the popularity of Hippie music in Austin motivated Nelson to return from retirement, performing frequently at the Armadillo World Headquarters.

In 1973, after signing with Atlantic Records, Nelson turned to outlaw country, including albums such as Shotgun Willie and Phases and Stages. In 1975, he switched to Columbia Records, where he recorded the critically acclaimed album, Red Headed Stranger. The same year, he recorded another outlaw country album, Wanted! The Outlaws, which he recorded with Waylon Jennings, Jessi Colter, and Tompall Glaser. During the mid 1980s, while creating hit albums like Honeysuckle Rose and recording hit songs like "On the Road Again", "To All the Girls I've Loved Before", and "Pancho & Lefty", he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen, along with fellow singers, Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, and Kris Kristofferson. During 1990 Nelson's assets were seized by the Internal Revenue Service, that claimed that he owed US $32,000,000. It was later discovered that his accountants, Price Waterhouse did not pay Nelson's taxes for years. The impossibility of Nelson to pay his outstanding debt was aggravated by weak investments made by him during the 1980s. Nelson released in 1991 The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories?, the profits of the double album, destined to the IRS and the auction of Nelson's assets cleared his debt by 1993. During the 1990s and 2000s, Nelson continued touring extensively, and released albums every year. Reviews ranged from positive to mixed. Nelson explored genres such as reggae, blues, jazz, and folk. Nelson made his first movie appearance in the 1979 film, The Electric Horseman, followed by other appearances in movies and on television.

Nelson is a major liberal activist and the co-chair of the advisory board of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, which is in favor of marijuana legalization. On the environmental front, Nelson owns the bio-diesel brand Willie Nelson Biodiesel, which is made from vegetable oil. Nelson is also the honorary chairman of the Advisory Board of the Texas Music Project, the official music charity of the state of Texas.

Early life

Willie Nelson's high school football portrait

Willie Nelson was born in Abbott, Texas during the Great Depression on April 30, 1933 to Myrle Marie (née Greenhaw) and Ira Doyle Nelson.^[2] The Nelson family had moved from Arkansas in 1929, looking for work. Nelson's grandfather, William, worked as a blacksmith, while his father worked as a mechanic.^[3] His mother left soon after he was born,^[4] and his father remarried and moved away, leaving the grandparents, who both studied music at night via a mail-order course, to bring up Nelson and his sister Bobbie.^[5] Nelson's grandfather bought him a guitar when he was six, and taught him a few chords;^[3] and with his sister Bobbie he sang gospel songs in the local church.^[6] He wrote his first song when he was seven,^[7] and played the guitar for the local band Bohemian Polka at age nine.^[8] During the summer, like most of Abbott's inhabitants, the family picked cotton.^[9] As Nelson didn't like picking cotton, starting at age thirteen and continuing through high school, he earned money by singing in local dance halls, taverns, and honky tonks. Nelson was influenced musically during his childhood by Hank Williams, Lefty Frizzell, Ernest Tubb, Django Reinhardt, Ray Price, and Hank Snow.^[10]

Nelson attended Abbott High School where, as well as raising pigs for the Future Farmers of America organization,^[2] he was a halfback in the school football team, and also played basketball as a guard, and as a shortstop in baseball.^[11] While still at school he sang and played guitar in The Texans, a band formed by his sister's husband, Bud Fletcher.^[8] After leaving school in 1950 he joined the United States Air Force for eight to nine months,^[12] then worked as a disc jockey at local radio stations.^[13] He had short stints with KHBR in Hillsboro, Texas and later with KBOP in Pleasanton, Texas.^[14][15] In 1952, he married Martha Matthews, and from 1954 to 1956 studied agriculture at Baylor University,^[16] where he joined the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity,^[17] but dropped out to pursue success in music.^[18]

Music career

Beginnings (1956–1972)

In 1956, Nelson moved to Vancouver, Washington to begin his formal musical career. His first record, "No Place For Me" included Leon Payne's "Lumberjack" on the b-side,^[19] but was not successful.^[20] Nelson continued working as a radio announcer and singing in Vancouver clubs.^[21] He sold the song "Family Bible" for US$50 to a guitar instructor, and the song turned into a hit for Claude Gray in 1960.^[22] Nelson moved to Nashville in 1960, but no label signed him. Although most of his demos were rejected, thanks to his songwriting and Hank Cochran's help, he signed a publishing contract with Pamper Music. After Ray Price recorded Nelson's "Night Life", Nelson joined Price's touring band as a bass player. While playing with Price and the Cherokee Cowboys, Nelson's songs became hits for other artists, including "Funny How Time Slips Away" (Billy Walker), "Hello Walls" (Faron Young), "Pretty Paper" (Roy Orbison), and, most famously, "Crazy" (Patsy Cline),^[21] which became the biggest jukebox hit of all time.^[23]

Nelson signed with Liberty Records and was recording by August 1961 at Quonset Hut Studio. His first two successful singles as an artist were released by the next year, including "Willingly" (which became his first charting single and first Top Ten at #10) and "Touch Me" (his second Top Ten, stalling at #7), a duet with his soon-to-be second wife, Shirley Collie.^[24] Unfortunately, further hit singles eluded him. Nelson's tenure at Liberty yielded his first album entitled And Then I Wrote, released in September 1962.^[25] Fred Foster of Monument Records signed Nelson in early 1964, but only one single was released, "I Never Cared For You".^[26]

By the fall of 1964, Nelson had moved to RCA Victor Records at the behest of Chet Atkins, signing a contract for US $10,000 per year.^[27] Country Willie – His Own Songs became Nelson's first RCA album, recorded in April 1965. That same year he joined the Grand Ole Opry^[28]. During his first few years on RCA, Nelson had no significant hits, but from November 1966 through March 1969, his singles reached the Top 25 in a consistent manner. "One In a Row" (#19, 1966), "The Party's Over" (#24 during a 16-week chart run in 1967), and his cover of Morecambe & Wise's "Bring Me Sunshine" (#13, March 1969) were Nelson's best-selling records during his time with RCA.^[29] After recording his final RCA single – "Mountain Dew" (backed with "Phases, Stages, Circles, Cycles and Scenes") in late April 1972, RCA requested that Nelson renew his contract ahead of schedule, with the implication that RCA would not release his latest recordings if he did not.^[30] He signed Neil Rashen as his manager to negotiate with the label, who got RCA to agree to end Nelson's contract upon repayment of US$14,000.^[30] During those proceedings, Nelson decided to move to Austin, Texas and take a short break. Austin's burgeoning hippie music scene (see Armadillo World Headquarters) rejuvenated the singer. His popularity in Austin soared as he played his own brand of country music marked by country, folk and jazz influences.^[31] Rashen eventually signed Nelson to Atlantic Records for US$25,000 per year, becoming the label's first country artist.^[27] By February 1973, Nelson was recording his acclaimed Shotgun Willie at Atlantic Studios in New York City.^[32]

Outlaw country and success (1973–1989)

Shotgun Willie, released in May 1973, earned excellent reviews but did not sell well. The album led Nelson to a new style, later stating that Shotgun Willie had "cleared his throat".^[33] His next album, Phases and Stages, released in 1974, was a concept album about a couple's divorce, inspired by his own experience. Side one of the record is from the viewpoint of the man, while the other side is from the viewpoint of the woman.^[34] The album included the hit single "Bloody Mary Morning" and a duet of "After the Fire is Gone" with Tracy Nelson.^[35] Nelson then moved to Columbia Records, where he signed a contract that gave him complete creative control, made possible by the critical and commercial success of his previous albums.^[36] The result was the critically acclaimed, and massively popular 1975 concept album Red Headed Stranger. Although Columbia was reluctant to release an album with primarily a guitar and piano for accompaniment, Nelson and Waylon Jennings insisted. The album included a cover of Fred Rose's 1945 song "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain", that had been released as a single previous to the album, and became Nelson's first number one hit as a singer.^[37]

L-R: Kris Kristofferson, Nelson, and Waylon Jennings at Nelson's 4th of July Picnic 1972

As Jennings was also achieving success in country music in the early 1970s, the pair were combined into a genre called outlaw country, since it did not conform to Nashville standards.^[38] The album Wanted! The Outlaws in 1976 with Jessi Colter and Tompall Glaser cemented the pair's outlaw image and became country music's first platinum album.^[39] Later that year Nelson released The Sound in Your Mind (certified gold in 1978 and platinum in 2001)^[40] and his first gospel album Troublemaker^[41] (certified gold in 1986).^[42] In 1978, Nelson released two more platinum albums, Waylon & Willie, a collaboration with Jennings that included "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys", a hit single written and performed by Ed Bruce.^[43] His next album, Stardust, an album of standards from the American songbook, was produced by Booker T. Jones.^[44] Though observers predicted that Stardust would ruin his career, it went platinum the same year.^[45] Nelson continued to top the charts with hit songs during the late 1970s, including "Good Hearted Woman", "Remember Me",^[46] "If You've Got the Money I've Got the Time", and "Uncloudy Day".^[47]

During the 1980s Nelson recorded a series of hit singles including "Midnight Rider", a 1980 cover of the Allman Brothers song which Nelson recorded for The Electric Horseman,^[48] the soundtrack "On the Road Again" from the movie Honeysuckle Rose,^[49] and a duet with Julio Iglesias titled "To All the Girls I've Loved Before". Pancho & Lefty, a duet album with Merle Haggard,^[50] and WWII, with Jennings, came out in 1982,^[51] while Take it to the Limit was released in 1983, also with Jennings.^[52]

In the mid-1980s, Nelson, Jennings, Kristofferson, and Johnny Cash formed The Highwaymen,^[53] who achieved platinum record sales and toured the world.^[54] Meanwhile, he became more involved with charity work, such as singing on We are the World in 1984.^[55] In 1985, Nelson had another success with Half Nelson, a compilation album of duets with a range of artists such as Ray Charles and Neil Young.^[56] In 1980, Nelson performed on the south lawn of the White House. The September 13 concert featured First Lady Rosalynn Carter and Nelson in a duet of Ray Wylie Hubbard's "Up Against the Wall Redneck Mother".^[57] Nelson frequently visited the White House according to his biography, Willie Nelson: An Epic Life, where he smoked marijuana on the White House roof.^[58]

IRS and later career (1990–present)

In 1990, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) seized most of Nelson's assets, claiming that he owed US$32,000,000. It was later discovered that his accountants, Price Waterhouse, had not been paying Nelson's taxes for years. In addition to the unpaid taxes, Nelson's situation was worsened by the weak investments he had made during the early 1980s.^[59] Nelson's attorney negotiated a settlement with the IRS in which he paid US$6,000,000, although Nelson did not comply with the agreement.^[60] Nelson released The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories? as a double album, with all profits destined for the IRS. Many of his assets were auctioned and purchased by friends, who donated or rented his possessions to him for a nominal fee. He sued Price Waterhouse, contending that they put him in illegal tax shelters.^[61] The lawsuit was settled for an undisclosed amount and Nelson cleared his debts by 1993.^[59][62]

Nelson, and his guitar "Trigger", performing at Cardiff on January 25, 2007

During the 1990s and 2000s, Nelson toured continuously, recording several albums including 1998's critically acclaimed Teatro,^[63] and performed and recorded with other acts including Phish,^[64] Johnny Cash,^[65] and Toby Keith. His duet with Keith, "Beer for My Horses", was released as a single and topped the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts for six consecutive weeks in 2003,^[66] while the accompanying video won an award for "Best Video" at the 2004 Academy of Country Music Awards.^[67] A USA Network television special celebrated Nelson's 70th birthday,^[68] and Nelson released The Essential Willie Nelson as part of the celebration.^[69]

Nelson headlined the 2005 Tsunami Relief Austin to Asia concert to benefit the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which raised an estimated US$75,000 for UNICEF.^[70] Also in 2005, a live performance of the Johnny Cash song "Busted" with Ray Charles was released on Charles' duets album Genius & Friends. Nelson's 2007 performance with jazz trumpeter Wynton Marsalis at the Lincoln Center,^[71] was released as the live album Two Men with the Blues in 2008; reaching number one in Billboard's Top Jazz Albums and number twenty on the Billboard 200.^[72] In 2009 Nelson and Marsalis joined with Norah Jones in a tribute concert to Ray Charles, which resulted in the Here We Go Again: Celebrating the Genius of Ray Charles album, released in 2011.^[73] In 2010, Nelson released Country Music, a compilation of standards produced by T-Bone Burnett.^[74] The album peaked number four in Billboard's Top Country Albums, and twenty on the Billboard 200.^[75] It was nominated for Best Americana Album in the 2011 Grammy Awards.^[76] In 2011 Nelson participated in the concert Kokua For Japan, a fundraising event for the victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan which raised US$1.6 million.^[77]

Other ventures

Nelson's acting debut was in the 1979 movie, The Electric Horseman, followed by appearances in Honeysuckle Rose, Thief, and Barbarosa.^[78] He played the role of Red Loon in Coming Out of the Ice in 1982 and starred in Songwriter two years later.^[79] He portrayed the lead role in the 1986 film version of his concept album Red Headed Stranger. Other movies that Nelson acted in include Wag the Dog, Gone Fishin' (as Billy 'Catch' Pooler), the 1986 television movie Stagecoach (with Johnny Cash), Half Baked, Beerfest, The Dukes of Hazzard, Surfer, Dude and Swing Vote.^[78] He has also made guest appearances on Miami Vice (1986's "El Viejo" episode), Delta, Nash Bridges, The Simpsons, Monk, Adventures in Wonderland, Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, King of the Hill, The Colbert Report, Swing Vote and Space Ghost Coast to Coast.^[80]

In 2008, Nelson reopened the truck stop "Willie's Place" near Hillsboro, Texas.

In 1988 his first book, Willie: An Autobiography, was published.^[81] The Facts of Life: and Other Dirty Jokes, a personal recollection of tour and musical stories from his career, combined with song lyrics, followed in 2002.^[82] In 2005 he co-authored Farm Aid: A Song for America, a commemorative book about the twentieth anniversary of the foundation of Farm Aid.^[83] His third book, The Tao of Willie: A Guide to the Happiness in Your Heart, was published in 2006.^[84] In 2007 a book advocating the use of bio-diesel and the reduction of gas emissions, On The Clean Road Again: Biodiesel and The Future of the Family Farm, was published.^[85] His next book, A Tale Out of Luck, published in 2008 and co-authored by Mike Blakely, was Nelson's first fictional book.^[86]

In 2002, Nelson became the official spokesman of the Texas Roadhouse, a chain of steakhouses. Nelson heavily promoted the chain and appeared on a special on Food Network. The chain installed Willie's Corner, a section dedicated to him and decked out with Willie memorabilia, at several locations.^[87] In 2008, Nelson reopened Willie's place, a truckstop in Hillsboro, Texas. The U.S. Bankruptcy Court allowed Nelson to invest in it. The establishment currently has about 80 employees^[88] and is used as a concert hall with a bar and a 1,000 square feet (93 m²) dance floor.^[89]

Nelson has practised different styles of martial arts, beginning with Kung Fu during the 1980s, as well as Tae Kwon Do, in which he holds a Black belt degree.^[90]

Music style

Nelson uses a variety of music styles to create his own distinctive blend of country music – a hybrid of jazz, pop, blues, rock and folk.^[91] His "unique sound", which uses a "relaxed, behind-the-beat singing style and gut-string guitar",^[92] and his "nasal voice and jazzy, off-center phrasing",^[91] has been responsible for his wide appeal, and has made him a "vital icon in country music",^[91] influencing the "new country, new traditionalist, and alternative country movements of the '80s and '90s".^[91]

Guitars

Willie Nelson's guitar, Trigger, has been signed by several of Nelson's friends

In 1969, the Baldwin company gave Nelson an amplifier and a three-cord pickup electric guitar, that Nelson played with such intensity he broke it. He sent it to be repaired in Nashville by Shot Jackson, who told Nelson that the damage was too great. Jackson offered him a Martin N-20 nylon-string acoustic and, at Nelson's request, moved the pickup to the Martin. Nelson purchased the guitar unseen for US$750 and named it after Roy Rogers' horse "Trigger".^[93] The next year Nelson rescued the guitar from his burning ranch.^[94][95][96]

Constant strumming with a guitar pick over the decades has worn a large sweeping hole into the guitar's body near the sound hole—the N-20 has no pick-guard since classical guitars are meant to be played fingerstyle instead of with picks.^[23] Its soundboard has been signed by over a hundred of Nelson's friends and associates, ranging from fellow musicians to lawyers and football coaches.^[93] In 1991, during his process with the IRS, Nelson was worried that Trigger could be auctioned off, stating: "When Trigger goes, I'll quit". He asked his daughter, Lana, to take the guitar from the studio before any IRS agent got there, and bring it to him on Maui.^[95] Nelson then hid the guitar in his manager's house until his debt was paid in 1993.^[93]

Activism

Nelson is active in a number of issues. Along with Neil Young and John Mellencamp, he set up Farm Aid in 1985 to assist and increase awareness of the importance of family farms,^[97] after Bob Dylan's comments during the Live Aid concert that he hoped some of the money would help American farmers in danger of losing their farms through mortgage debt.^[98] The first concert included Bob Dylan, Billy Joel, B.B. King, Roy Orbison, and Neil Young among many others,^[99] and raised over $9 million for America's family farmers.^[100] Besides organizing and performing in the annual concerts, Nelson is the president of the board of Farm Aid.^[101]

Nelson is a co-chair of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) advisory board.^[102] He has worked with NORML for years, fighting for marijuana legalization. In 2005 Nelson and his family hosted the first annual "Willie Nelson & NORML Benefit Golf Tournament", leading to a cover appearance and inside interview in the January 2008 issue of High Times magazine.^[103] After his arrest for possession in 2010, Nelson created the Tea Pot party under the motto "Tax it, regulate it and legalize it!".^[104][105]

Nelson supported Dennis Kucinich's campaign in the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries. He raised money, appeared at events, and composed the song "Whatever Happened to Peace on Earth?", criticizing the war in Iraq.^[106] He recorded a radio advertisement asking for support to put musician/author Kinky Friedman on the ballot as an independent candidate for the 2006 Texas gubernatorial election.^[107] Friedman promised Nelson a job in Austin as the head of a new Texas Energy Commission due to his support of bio-fuels.^[108] In January 2008, Nelson filed a suit against the Texas Democratic Party, alleging that the party violated the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution by refusing to allow co-plaintiff Kucinich to appear on the primary ballot because he had scratched out part of the loyalty oath on his application.^[109]

In 2004, he and his wife Annie became partners with Bob and Kelly King in the building of two Pacific Bio-diesel plants, one in Salem, Oregon and the other at Carl's Corner, Texas (the Texas plant was founded by Carl Cornelius, a longtime Nelson friend and the namesake for Carl's Corner).^[110] In 2005, Nelson and several other business partners formed Willie Nelson Biodiesel^[111] ("Bio-Willie"), a company that is marketing bio-diesel bio-fuel to truck stops. The fuel is made from vegetable oil (mainly soybean oil), and can be burned without modification in diesel engines.^[112]

Nelson is an advocate for better treatment for horses and has been campaigning for the passage of the American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act (H.R. 503/S. 311) alongside the Animal Welfare Institute.^[113] He is on its Board of Directors and has adopted a number of horses from Habitat for Horses.^[114] In 2008, Nelson signed on to warn consumers about the cruel and illegal living conditions for calves raised to produce milk for dairy products. He wrote letters to Land O'Lakes and Challenge Dairy, two of the major corporations that use milk from calves raised at California's Mendes Calf Ranch, which employs an intensive confinement practice that was the subject of a lawsuit and campaign brought by the Animal Legal Defense Fund.^[115]

Personal life

Nelson lives in Maui, Hawaii, in a largely self-sustaining community where all the homes use only solar power.^[116] Neighbors include Kris Kristofferson, Woody Harrelson, and Owen Wilson.^[117]

Willie Nelson has married four times and fathered seven children.^[118] His first marriage was to Martha Matthews; it lasted from 1952 to 1962, and produced three children: Lana, Susie, and Billy. The last committed suicide in 1991.^[119] The marriage was marked by violence, with Matthews assaulting Nelson several times.^[120][28] Nelson's next marriage was to Shirley Collie in 1963.^[121] The couple divorced in 1971, after Collie found a bill from the maternity ward of a Houston hospital charged to Nelson and Connie Koepke for the birth of Paula Carlene Nelson.^[120] Koepke and Nelson married the same year and had two daughters, Paula Carlene and Amy Lee. Following a divorce in 1988, he married his current wife, Annie D'Angelo, in 1991. They have two sons, Lukas Autry and Jacob Micah.^[122] Nelson traces his genealogy to the American Revolutionary War, in which his ancestor John Nelson served as a major.^[123]

While swimming in Hawaii in 1981, Nelson's lung collapsed. All of his scheduled concerts were cancelled and he was taken to the Maui Memorial Hospital.^[124] Nelson temporarily stopped smoking cigarettes each time his lungs became congested, and resumed when the congestion ended.^[125] In 2008 he started to smoke with a carbon-free system to avoid the effects of smoke in his lungs.^[96][126] In 2004 Nelson underwent surgery for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, as he had damaged his wrists by continuously playing the guitar.^[127] On the recommendation of his doctor, he cancelled his scheduled concerts and only wrote songs during his recovery.^[128]

Nelson has been arrested several times for marijuana possession. The first occasion was in 1974, in Dallas, Texas.^[129] Twenty years later, in 1994, highway patrolmen found a marijuana cigarette in his car near Waco, Texas; the resulting court appearance caused him to cancel his appearance at the Grammy awards.^[126] While travelling to Ann W. Richards' funeral in 2006, Nelson, along with his manager and his sister, Bobbi, were arrested in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana and charged with possession of marijuana and hallucinogenic mushrooms.^[130] Nelson received six months probation.^[131] On November 26, 2010, Nelson was arrested for possession of six ounces of marijuana found in his tour bus while travelling from Los Angeles to Texas. He was released after paying bail of US$2,500.^[132] Prosecutor Kit Bramblett supported not sentencing Nelson to jail due to the amount of marijuana being small, but suggested instead a US$100 fine and told Nelson that he would have him sing "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" for the court. Judge Becky Dean-Walker stated that Nelson had to pay the fine but did not require him to perform the song, explaining that the prosecutor was joking.^[133] Nelson's lawyer Joe Turner reached an agreement with the prosecutor. Nelson was set to pay a US$500 fine to avoid a two-year jail sentence with a 30-day review period, which in case of another incident would end the agreement.^[134] The judge later rejected the agreement, claiming that Nelson was receiving preferential treatment for his celebrity status, when the offence normally carried a one-year jail sentence.^[135]

Legacy

See also: List of awards and nominations received by Willie Nelson

The Willie Nelson boulevard in Austin, Texas

Nelson is widely recognized as an American icon.^[136][137] He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1993,^[138] and he received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1998.^[139][140] In 2011, Nelson was inducted to the National Agricultural Hall of Fame, for his labor in Farm Aid and other fund risers to benefit farmers.^[141]

In 2003 Governor Perry signed bill #2582, introduced by State Representative Elizabeth Ames Jones and Senator Jeff Wentworth,^[142] which funded the Texas Music Project, the state's official music charity. Nelson was named Honorary Chairman of the Advisory Board of the project.^[143] In 2005, Democratic Texas Senator Gonzalo Barrientos introduced a bill to name 49 miles (79 km) of the Travis County section of State Highway 130 after Nelson, and at one point 23 of the 31 state Senators were co-sponsors of the bill.^[144] The legislation was dropped after two Republican senators, Florence Shapiro and Wentworth, objected, citing Nelson's lack of connection to the highway, his fundraisers for Democrats, his drinking, and his marijuana advocacy.^[145]

An important collection of Willie Nelson materials (1975–1994) became part of the Wittliff collections of Southwestern Writers, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas. The collection contains lyrics, screenplays, letters, concert programs, tour itineraries, posters, articles, clippings, personal effects, promotional items, souvenirs, and documents. It documents Nelson's IRS troubles and how Farm Aid contributions were used. Most of the material was collected by Nelson's friend Bill Wittliff, who wrote or co-wrote Honeysuckle Rose, Barbarosa and Red Headed Stranger.^[146]

In April 2010, Nelson received the "Feed the Peace" award from The Nobelity Project for his extensive work with Farm Aid and overall contributions to world peace.^[147] On June 23, 2010 he was inducted into the Library of Congress’s National Recording Registry.^[148][149] Nelson is an honorary trustee of the Dayton International Peace Museum.^[150] In 2010, Austin, Texas renamed Second Street to Willie Nelson Boulevard. The city also planned to honor him with a life-size statue,^[151] to be placed at the entrance of Austin City Limits' new studio. The non-profit organization Capital Area Statues commissioned sculptor Clete Shields to execute the project.^[152]

For many years, Nelson's image was marked by his red hair, often divided into two long braids partially concealed under a bandanna. In the April 2007 issue of Stuff Magazine Nelson was interviewed about his long locks.^[153] "I started braiding my hair when it started getting too long, and that was, I don't know, probably in the 70's." On May 26, 2010, the Associated Press reported that Nelson had cut his hair,^[154] and Nashville music journalist Jimmy Carter published a photograph of the pigtail-free Nelson on his website.^[155] Reportedly, he wanted a more maintainable hairstyle, as well helping him stay cool more easily at his Maui home.^[156]

Nelson's touring and recording group, the Family, is full of longstanding members, including his sister Bobbie Nelson, drummer Paul English, harmonicist Mickey Raphael, Bee Spears, Billy English (Paul's younger brother), and Jody Payne.^[157] Willie & Family tours North America in the bio-diesel bus Honeysuckle Rose IV, which is fueled by Bio-Willie.^[158]

Works

As well as recording sixty seven studio albums, Nelson has appeared in over thirty films and TV shows. His acting debut was in the 1979 movie, The Electric Horseman, followed by appearances in Honeysuckle Rose, Thief, and Barbarosa.^[78]

Recordings

Further information: Willie Nelson albums discography and Willie Nelson singles discography

Films

Further information: Willie Nelson filmography

Books

• Willie: An Autobiography, Simon & Schuster, 1988, with Bud Shrake
• The Facts of Life and Other Dirty Jokes, Random House, 2002
• The Tao of Willie: A Guide to the Happiness in Your Heart, Gotham, 2006, with Turk Pipkin
• A Tale Out of Luck (a novel), Center Street, 2008, with Mike Blakely
• On The Clean Road Again: Biodiesel and The Future of the Family Farm, Fulcrum Publishing, 2007
• Farm Aid: A Song for America, 2005, Rodale Books, foreword by Willie Nelson

See also

Austin portal

• Inductees of the Country Music Hall of Fame
• List of country musicians
• Music of Austin
• List of best-selling music artists

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Since he was born around midnight some sources use April 29, 1933
2. ^ ^{a b} Scobey 1982, p. 58.
3. ^ ^{a b} Willie Nelson (2007). On the Clean Road Again: Biodiesel and the Future of the Family Farm. Fulcrum Publishing. p. 29. ISBN 9781555916244. http://books.google.com/?id=o5euCvzAWAEC&pg=PA29&dq=Willie+Nelson++grandfather+died#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 23 June 2011. 
4. ^ Norbert B. Laufenberg (2005). Entertainment Celebrities. Trafford Publishing. p. 473. ISBN 9781412053358. http://books.google.com/?id=mzTW9Nitee4C&pg=PA473&dq=willie+nelson+mother#v=onepage&q=willie%20nelson%20mother&f=false. Retrieved 23 June 2011. 
5. ^ Reid; Jan p.218
6. ^ Bill C. Malone (2002). Country music, U.S.A.. University of Texas Press. p. 303. ISBN 9780292752627. http://books.google.com/?id=CR63ED_FH_AC&pg=PA303&dq=Willie+Nelson+was+born+on+April+30,+1933#v=onepage&q=Willie%20Nelson%20was%20born%20on%20April%2030%2C%201933&f=false. Retrieved 22 June 2011. 
7. ^ Patoski, Joe Nick. "The Gospel According to Willie"; p. 9
8. ^ ^{a b} Kienzle, Richard; p.236
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10. ^ Clint Richmond (2000). Willie Nelson: Behind the Music. Simon & Schuster. p. 17. ISBN 9780613226387. http://books.google.com/?id=ZqZ4PgAACAAJ&dq=bibliogroup:%22VH1+Behind+the+Music%22. Retrieved 5 June 2011. 
11. ^ Patoski & Abott, 1933 2008.
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13. ^ Clint Richmond (2000). Willie Nelson: Behind the Music. Simon & Schuster. pp. 24, 25, 11. ISBN 9780613226387. http://books.google.com/?id=ZqZ4PgAACAAJ&dq=bibliogroup:%22VH1+Behind+the+Music%22. Retrieved 5 June 2011. 
14. ^ Patoski & Vancouver, Washington 1956 2008.
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16. ^ Brown 1982, p. 58.
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19. ^ Mike Evans (2006). Country Music Facts, Figures & Fun. AAPPL. p. 70. ISBN 9781904332534. http://books.google.com/?id=4JH4e8BNIY4C&pg=PA70&dq=willie+nelson+%22Lumberjack%22#v=onepage&q=willie%20nelson%20%22Lumberjack%22&f=false. Retrieved 21 June 2011. 
20. ^ Dicaire, David p.246
21. ^ ^{a b} Erlewine; p.324
22. ^ Patoski; Chapter: Nashville, 1960
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26. ^ Scobey, Lola; p.190
27. ^ ^{a b} Reid, Jan; p. 224
28. ^ ^{a b} Patoski & Nashville, 1960 2008.
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31. ^ Reid; Sahm; p. 79
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46. ^ Billboard December 25, 1976.
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58. ^ Patoski & The Hill, 1979 2008.
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62. ^ Johnston, David Cay (November 4, 1995). "Tax Shelter of Rich and Famous Has Final Date in Court". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04E6DF1739F937A35752C1A963958260. Retrieved February 15, 2011. 
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95. ^ ^{a b} Draper 1991, p. 103.
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105. ^ "Wille Nelson Creates 'Teapot Party' for Marijuana Legalization". The Boot (AOL). November 29, 2010. http://www.theboot.com/2010/11/29/wille-nelson-teapot-party/. Retrieved February 20, 2011. 
106. ^ "New Willie Nelson song condemns Iraq war". Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.. January 1, 2004. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Music/01/01/music.nelson.reut/. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
107. ^ Hamilton, Reeve. "Willie Nelson Ad for Kinky Friedman Valued Highly". The Texas Tribune. The Texas Tribune. http://www.texastribune.org/texas-politics/richard-kinky-friedman/willie-nelson-ad-for-kinky-friedman-valued-highly/. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
108. ^ "Kinky Friedman To Name Willie Nelson as Texas Energy Czar". The Car Connection. http://www.thecarconnection.com/marty-blog/1014487_kinky-friedman-to-name-willie-nelson-as-texas-energy-czar. Retrieved February 2, 2011. 
109. ^ Selby, W. Gardner (January 4, 2009). "Kucinich sues Texas Democrats over loyalty pledge he won't sign". Austin American Statesman. Cox Enterprises. http://www.statesman.com/news/content/region/legislature/stories/01/04/0104kucinich.html. Retrieved September 25, 2008. 
110. ^ Smith, Zachary Alden; Taylor, Katrina (2008). Renewable and alternative energy resources: a reference handbook. ABC-Clio. ISBN 9781598840896. http://books.google.com/?id=OlA-fN3Bd4QC&pg=PA173&dq=Bob+and+Kelly+King+willie+nelson#v=onepage&q=Bob%20and%20Kelly%20King%20willie%20nelson&f=falsepage=173. 
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112. ^ "Willie Nelson Bets on Biodiesel". Wired Magazine. Associated Press (Condé Nast Publications). January 14, 2005. http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,66288,00.html. Retrieved March 27, 2011. 
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114. ^ "Habitat for Horses signature series". Habitat for Horses. Habitat for Horses. http://www.habitatforhorses.org/adoptahorse/willie2full.html. Retrieved March 27, 2011. 
115. ^ "Willie Nelson Urges Land O'Lakes, Challenge Dairy to Stop Using Milk Products that Come from Confined Calves". The Animal Legal Defense Fund. The Animal Legal Defense Fund. March 26, 2008. http://www.aldf.org/article.php?id=512. Retrieved March 27, 2011. 
116. ^ Kane, Coleen (May 30, 2008). "Woody Harrelson plans a 40-day desert-island starvation". Plenty (MNN Holdings, LLC). http://www.plentymag.com/blogs/dirt/2008/05/woody_harrelson_plans_a_40day.php. Retrieved September 20, 2011. 
117. ^ Grigoriadis, Vanessa (January 14, 2007). New York Magazine (New York Media LLC) 40 (1–7): 57. Move to a Fantasy Island. 
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119. ^ Hall, Michael (May 1, 2008). "Willie's God! Willie's God! We Love Willie!". Texas Monthly (Emmis Communications). http://www.texasmonthly.com/preview/2008-05-01/feature. Retrieved April 12, 2011. 
120. ^ ^{a b} Cartwright, Gary (2000). Turn out the lights: chronicles of Texas in the 80's and 90's. University of Texas Press. p. 276. ISBN 9780292712263. http://books.google.com/?id=FBRbZWBZolUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Cartwright+2000#v=snippet&q=bottle%20of%20whiskey%20nelson&f=false. 
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126. ^ ^{a b} Patoski, Joe (April 2, 2011). "When It Comes to Marijuana, Willie's Punishment Seems to Vaporize". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/03/us/03ttwillie.html?_r=2. Retrieved April 10, 2011. 
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128. ^ Miller, Melissa Loncaric (July 28, 2008). "Willie Nelson and B.B. King Mesmerize Atlanta". CMT. MTV Networks. http://www.cmt.com/news/country-music/1591696/willie-nelson-and-bb-king-mesmerize-atlanta.jhtml. Retrieved May 22, 2011. 
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133. ^ Caulfield, Philip (March 30, 2011). "Judge says request for Willie Nelson to sing 'Blue Eyes' in court was a joke". New York Daily News. News Wire Services (Mortimer Zuckerman). http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2011/03/30/2011-03-30_willie_nelson_wont_be_performing_blue_eyes_crying_in_the_rain_in_court_to_get_ou.html#ixzz1IaJnRwj0. Retrieved April 4, 2011. 
134. ^ Amter, Charlie (June 7, 2011). "Willie Nelson Dodges Jail in Texas". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/willie-nelson-dodges-jail-texas-195693. Retrieved June 7, 2011. 
135. ^ "Judge Crushes Plea Deal in Willie Nelson Pot Case". TMZ. EHM Productions, Inc.. July 7, 2011. http://www.tmz.com/2011/07/07/willie-nelson-pot-marijuana-charge-case-judge-reject-plea-deal-fine-jail-sentence/. Retrieved July 12, 2011. 
136. ^ "American Masters, lesson 19". PBS. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/education/index.html. Retrieved February 15, 2011. 
137. ^ "Willie Nelson Ad for Kinky Friedman Valued Highly". The Texas Tribune. The Texas Tribune.. http://www.texastribune.org/texas-politics/richard-kinky-friedman/willie-nelson-ad-for-kinky-friedman-valued-highly/. Retrieved February 15, 2011. 
138. ^ Edwards, Joe (September 30, 1993). "Willie Nelson inducted in Hall of Fame". Bangor Daily News. Associated Press (Bangor Publishing Company). http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ip4zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7TgHAAAAIBAJ&dq=willie-nelson&pg=2163%2C4242908. Retrieved May 23, 2011. 
139. ^ "List of Kennedy Center Honorees". The Kennedy Center. John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/specialevents/honors/history/. Retrieved February 14, 2011. 
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141. ^ Treolo, Melissa (August 18, 2011). "Nelson shares Ag Hall honor with Farm Aid partners". Basehor Sentinel (The World Company). http://www.basehorinfo.com/news/2011/aug/18/nelson-shares-ag-hall-honor-farm-aid-partners/. Retrieved August 21, 2011. 
142. ^ "What TMP Has Accomplished". Texas Music Project. The Texas Music Project. http://www.texasmusicproject.org/WhatTMPHasAccomplished.html. Retrieved February 21, 2011. 
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Books

• Cartwright, Gary (2000), Turn out the lights: chronicles of Texas in the 80's and 90's, University of Texas Press
• Dicair, David (2007), The First Generation of Country Music Stars, McFarland
• Erlewine, Michael (1997), All music guide to country: the experts' guide to the best recordings in country music, Miller Freeman
• Harden, Lydia Dixon; Hoekstra, Dave; McCall, Michael; Morris, Edward; Williams, Janet (1996), The Stars of Country Music:The Legends & The New Breed, Publications International, Ltd
• Hartman, Gary (2008), The History of Texas Music, Texas A&M University Press
• Jennings, Waylon; Kaye, Lenny (1996), Waylon: an Autobiography, Warner Brooks
• Kienzle, Richard; Southwest shuffle: pioneers of honky-tonk, Western swing, and country jazz (2003), Routledge
• Nelson, Willie; Bud Shrake; Edwin Shrake (2000), Willie: an Autobiography, Cooper Square Press
• Patoski, Joe Nick (2008), Willie Nelson: an Epic Life, Hachette Digital
• Patoski, Joe Nick (2008), The Gospel According to Willie", Texas Co-op Power
• Reid, Jan (2004), The Improbable Rise of Redneck Rock: New Edition, University of Texas Press
• Richmond, Clint (2000), Willie Nelson: Behind the Music, Simon & Schuster
• Reid Jan; Sahm Shawn (2010), Texas Tornado: The Times and Music of Doug Sahm, University of Texas Press
• Scobey, Lola (1982), Willie Nelson: Country Outlaw, Kensington Pub Corp
• Wolff, Kurt; Duane, Orla (2000), Country Music: the Rough Guide, Rough Guides

Journals

• Texas Monthly. November 1973 [cited February 7, 2011].
• Texas Monthly. August 1976 [cited May 24, 2011];4.
• Texas Monthly. May 1991 [cited February 8, 2011];19(5).
• Billboard. October 11, 1986 [cited January 8, 2011];98(41).
• Billboard. December 25, 1976 [cited February 8, 2011];88(52).

Further reading

• The Encyclopedia of Country Music ed. Paul Kingsbury, pp. 374–76 "Willie Nelson", Bob Allen, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998

External links

• Official website
• Willie Nelson at Allmusic

Awards
Preceded by Rodney Crowell	AMA Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting 2007	Succeeded by John Hiatt

Persondata
Name	Nelson, Willie Hugh
Alternative names
Short description	American entertainer and songwriter
Date of birth	April 30, 1933
Place of birth	Abbott, Texas, United States of America
Date of death
Place of death