Delta endotoxin

delta endotoxin, N-terminal domain
crystal structure of the insecticidal bacterial del endotoxin cry3bb1 bacillus thuringiensis
Identifiers
Symbol	Endotoxin_N
Pfam	PF03945
InterPro	IPR005639
SCOP	1dlc
TCDB	1.C.2
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe PDBsum structure summary

delta endotoxin
Structure of insecticidal delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis.[1]
Identifiers
Symbol	Endotoxin_M
Pfam	PF00555
InterPro	IPR015790
SCOP	1dlc
TCDB	1.C.2
OPM family	95
OPM protein	1w99
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe PDBsum structure summary

Bacillus thuringiensis delta-Endotoxin, middle domain
insecticidal crystal protein cry2aa
Identifiers
Symbol	Endotoxin_mid
Pfam	PF09131
InterPro	IPR015214
SCOP	1i5p
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe PDBsum structure summary

delta endotoxin
insecticidal crystal protein cry2aa
Identifiers
Symbol	Endotoxin_C
Pfam	PF03944
Pfam clan	CL0202
InterPro	IPR005638
SCOP	1dlc
TCDB	1.C.2
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe PDBsum structure summary

Delta endotoxins (δ-endotoxins, also called Cry and Cyt toxins) are pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis species of bacteria. They are useful for their insecticidal action.

During spore formation the bacteria produce crystals of this protein. When an insect ingests these proteins, they are activated by proteolytic cleavage. The N-terminus is cleaved in all of the proteins and a C-terminal extension is cleaved in some members. Once activated, the endotoxin binds to the gut epithelium and causes cell lysis by the formation of cation-selective channels, which leads to death. The activated region of the delta toxin is composed of three distinct structural domains: an N-terminal helical bundle domain (IPR005639) involved in membrane insertion and pore formation; a beta-sheet central domain involved in receptor binding; and a C-terminal beta-sandwich domain (IPR005638) that interacts with the N-terminal domain to form a channel.^[2][3][4][5]

References

1. ^ Li JD, Carroll J, Ellar DJ (October 1991). "Crystal structure of insecticidal delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis at 2.5 A resolution". Nature 353 (6347): 815–21. doi:10.1038/353815a0. PMID 1658659. 
2. ^ Cygler M, Borisova S, Grochulski P, Masson L, Pusztai-carey M, Schwartz JL, Brousseau R (1995). "Bacillus thuringiensis CryIA(a) insecticidal toxin: crystal structure and channel formation". J. Mol. Biol. 254 (3): 447–464. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1995.0630. PMID 7490762. 
3. ^ Ghosh D, Pangborn W, Galitsky N, Cody V, Wojtczak A, Luft JR, English L (2001). "Structure of the insecticidal bacterial delta-endotoxinCry3Bb1 of Bacillus thuringiensis". Acta Crystallogr. D 57 (8): 1101–1109. doi:10.1107/S0907444901008186. PMID 11468393. 
4. ^ Grochulski P, Masson L, Borisova S, Pusztai-Carey M, Schwartz JL, Brousseau R, Cygler M (December 1995). "Bacillus thuringiensis CryIA(a) insecticidal toxin: crystal structure and channel formation". J. Mol. Biol. 254 (3): 447–64. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1995.0630. PMID 7490762. 
5. ^ Galitsky N, Cody V, Wojtczak A, Ghosh D, Luft JR, Pangborn W, English L (August 2001). "Structure of the insecticidal bacterial delta-endotoxin Cry3Bb1 of Bacillus thuringiensis". Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 57 (Pt 8): 1101–9. doi:10.1107/S0907444901008186. PMID 11468393. 

Further reading

• Bravo, A.; Gill, S. S.; Soberón, M. (2007). "Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry and Cyt toxins and their potential for insect control". Toxicon 49 (4): 423–435. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.11.022. PMC 1857359. PMID 17198720. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1857359.  edit
• Pigott, C. R.; Ellar, D. J. (2007). "Role of Receptors in Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Toxin Activity". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 71 (2): 255–281. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00034-06. PMC 1899880. PMID 17554045. http://mmbr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/71/2/255.pdf.  edit

This article includes text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR015790

This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Articles to be expanded with sources Protein domains Peripheral membrane proteins Bacterial toxins Protein stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу Anderson Lima Veiga 2007 Thailand Open - Singles Look at other dictionaries: delta-endotoxin — (= d endotoxin) The toxic glycoprotein produced by sporulating Bacillus thuringiensis that can kill insects …   Dictionary of molecular biology Endotoxin — Endotoxins (not to be confused with enterotoxin) are potentially toxic, natural compounds found inside pathogens such as bacteria. Classically, an endotoxin is a toxin which, unlike an exotoxin , is not secreted in soluble form by live bacteria,… …   Wikipedia Lipopolysaccharide — Structure of a lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as lipoglycans, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, act… …   Wikipedia Conotoxin — Alpha conotoxin precursor α Conotoxin PnIB from C. pennaceus, disulfide bonds shown in yellow. From the University of Michigan s Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database, PDB …   Wikipedia Mycotoxin — A mycotoxin (from Greek μύκης (mykes, mukos) “fungus” and Latin (toxicum) “poison”)[1][2] is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the fungus kingdom, commonly known as molds.[3][4] The term ‘mycotoxin’ is usually reserved for the …   Wikipedia Bacillus thuringiensis — Spores and bipyramidal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis morrisoni strain T08025 Scientific classification Kingdom …   Wikipedia Toxin — This article is about the class of poisonous substances. For other uses, see Toxin (disambiguation). Universal warning symbol used to indicate toxic substances or environments A toxin (from Ancient Greek: τοξικόν toxikon) is a poisonous… …   Wikipedia Botulinum toxin — Clinical data Pregnancy cat.  ? Legal status  ? (US) Rout …   Wikipedia Neurotoxin — A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells[1] (neurons), usually by interacting with membrane proteins such as ion channels. Some sources are more general, and define the effect of neurotoxins as occurring at nerve tissue.[2]… …   Wikipedia Psychoactive toad — is a name used for toads from which psychoactive substances from the family of bufotoxins can be derived. The skin and poison of Bufo alvarius (Colorado River toad or Sonoran Desert toad) contain 5 MeO DMT and bufotenin. Other species contain… …   Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”