Cinema of Greece

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History of Greece
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Greece has a long and rich cinematic history. Greek films dominate the domestic market, for example Safe Sex had more box office receipts than Titanic. Characteristics of Greek cinema include a dynamic plot, strong character development and erotic themes. Greek cinema has produced the first nudist scene in European cinema in 1928, romantic dramas/film noir in the 1950s, and erotic comedies in the 1990s and 2000s .

History of the Greek cinema

Origins

In the spring of 1897, the Greeks of Athens watched the first cinematic ventures (short movies in 'journal'). In 1906 Greek Cinema was born when Manakis brothers started recording in Macedonia, and the French filmmaker Leons produced the first 'Newscast' from the midi-Olympic games of Athens (the unofficial Olympic games of 1906).

The first theater of Athens opened about a year later and other special 'projection rooms' begun their activity. In 1910-11 the first short comic movies were produced by director Spiros Dimitrakopoulos, who also starred in most of his movies. In 1914 the Asty Film company was formed and the production of features was made possible. Golfo (Γκόλφω), a well known traditional love story, is the first Greek movie of feature length.

During the First World War, production was limited to documentaries and newscasts only. Directors like George Prokopiou and Dimitris Gaziadis are distinguished for filming scenes from the battlefield; Burning of Smyrna (1922).

The first commercial success came in 1920 with Villar in the women's baths of Faliro (Ο Βιλλάρ στα γυναικεία λουτρά του Φαλήρου), written and directed by and starring comedian Villar (Nikolaos Sfakianakis) and Nitsa Philosofou. 1927.

During 1928–1931 the company Dag-Film was successful. The company mainly produced historical movies, usually adaptations of novels. Most distinct are Δάφνις και Χλόη (1931, directed by Orestes Laskos), Έρως και κύματα (1928, directed by D. Gaziadis). Δάφνις και Χλόη (Daphnis and Chloe) contained the first nude scene in the history of European cinema.

In 1932 the first speaking movie is made by Olympic film, Αγαπητικός της Βοσκοπούλας, directed by D. Tsakiris. Οι Απάχηδες των Αθηνών is one of the most famous early movies, the sound of which is played by a gramophone behind the screen.

Philopemen Finos appeared actively in the production, and was a co-founder of Greek Cinematic Studios (1939). During World War II, Finos founded Finos Films (1942), a company that sealed the fate of commercial Greek cinema. During 1940-44, the most prominent films were: Voice of Heart (Η φωνή της καρδιάς) (1943, directed by D. Ioannopoulos) and Applause (Χειροκροτήματα) (1944, directed by G. Tzavelas). In 1944 Katina Paxinou was honoured with the Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for For Whom the Bell Tolls. Melina Mercouri became well-known to international audiences when she starred in the 1960 film Never on Sunday, directed by Jules Dassin. (The couple collaborated on its 1967 musical stage adaptation, Illya Darling, for which she received a Tony Award nomination, as well.) Nominated for an Academy Award for Never on Sunday, she went on to star in such films as Topkapi, Phaedra, and Gaily, Gaily.

The Golden Age

The 1950s and early 1960s are considered by many as the Greek Golden age of Cinema. Directors and actors of this era were recognized as important historical figures in Greece and some gained international acclaim. M. Cacoyannis Alekos Sakellarios, Nikos Tsiforos, Ellie Lambeti, Dinos Iliopoulos, Irene Papas, etc. More than sixty films per year were made, with the majority having film noir elements . Notable films were Η κάλπικη λίρα (1955 directed by G. Tzavelas), Πικρό Ψωμί (1951, directed by G. Grigoriou), Δράκος (O Drakos, 1956, directed by N. Koundouros), Stella (1955, directed by M. Cacoyannis and written by I. Kampanellis). M. Cacoyannis also directed Zorba the Greek with Anthony Quinn which received Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Film nominations. Finos Film also contributed to this period with movies such as Λατέρνα, Φτώχεια και Φιλότιμο, Η Θεία από το Σικάγο, Το ξύλο βγήκε από τον Παράδεισο, etc.

Modern period

In 1999, TV series writers Michael Reppas and Thanassis Papathanasiou, collaborating with famous actors, made the sex taboo comedy Safe Sex. It proved to be the most successful movie of the decade.

In 2001 the writers returned with To klama vgike apo ton paradeiso (a pun of the title To xylo vgike apo ton paradeiso), which is a parody of the old Finos Films movies, satirizing their clichés .

In 2003 another big-budget Greek film named Politiki kouzina (A Touch of Spice), by director Tasos Boulmetis, was the most successful film of the year at the Greek box office, making over 12 million euros. 2004 was also a good year for Greek films with Nyfes gathering more than a million spectators, and over 7 million in box office.

2006 was also a very good year for Greek films, especially for the film Λούφα και Παραλαγή: Σειρήνες στο Αιγαίο (Loafing) and Camouflage: Sirens in the Aegean, that gathered more than 700,000 spectators and over 5 million € in box office. Other Greek films in this period were Loukoumades me Meli and H Chorodia toy Charitonos. Also in 2006 there were the comedy films Straight Story and 5 Lepta akoma and the movie Uranya.

In 2007 films were El Greco, Mia melissa to Augousto and Alter Ego.

In 2009 Dogtooth by Yorgos Lanthimos won the Prix Un Certain Regard at the Cannes Film Festival and in 2011 was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards.^[1]

In 2010 Attenberg won the Coppa Volpi Award for Best Actress: Ariane Labed at the Venice Film Festival.^[2]

In 2011 Alps (film) won the Osella Award for Best Screenplay (Yorgos Lanthimos and Efthimis Filippou) at the 68th Venice Film Festival.^[3]

Notable Greek movies

Ahilleas Madras, one of the first actors and film directors.

Melina Mercouri.

Georges Corraface, cuurent president of the Thessaloniki International Film Festival.

• 1915 Golfo, Konstadinos Bahatoris
• 1929 Astero, Dimitris Gaziadis
• 1929 Maria Pentagiotissa, Ahilleas Madras
• 1930 Oi Apahides ton Athinon, Dimitris Gaziadis
• 1931 Daphnis and Chloe, Orestis Laskos
• 1944 Hirokrotimata, George Tzavellas
• 1948 The Germans Strike Again, Alekos Sakellarios, starring Vassilis Logothetidis
• 1950 Ο methistakas (The Drunkard), George Tzavellas, starring Orestis Makris
• 1955 Ena votsalo sti limni, Alekos Sakellarios
• 1955 The Counterfeit Coin, George Tzavellas
• 1955 Stella, Michael Cacoyannis, starring Melina Mercouri
• 1956 A Girl in Black, Michael Cacoyannis, starring Ellie Lambeti
• 1956 O Drakos, Nikos Koundouros, starring Dinos Iliopoulos
• 1957 I theia ap' to Chicago, Alekos Sakellarios
• 1960 Ta kitrina gantia, Alekos Sakellarios
• 1960 Madalena, Dinos Dimopoulos, starring Aliki Vougiouklaki
• 1960 Never on Sunday, Jules Dassin
• 1961 Antigone, George Tzavellas
• 1961 Alimono stous neous (Woe to the Young), Alekos Sakellarios, starring Dimitris Horn
• 1961 The Downhill, Giannis Dalianidis
• 1962 Electra, Michael Cacoyannis
• 1963 Young Aphrodites, Nikos Koundouros
• 1963 The Red Lanterns, Vasilis Georgiadis
• 1964 Zorba the Greek (film), Michael Cacoyannis
• 1965 I de gyni na fovitai ton andra, George Tzavellas
• 1966 Blood on the Land, Vasilis Georgiadis
• 1970 Ipolochagos Natassa, Nikos Foscolos
• 1971 Evdokia (film), Alexis Damianos
• 1975 The Travelling Players, Theo Angelopoulos
• 1983 Rembetiko (film), Costas Ferris
• 1988 Landscape in the Mist, Theo Angelopoulos
• 1991 The Suspended Step of the Stork, Theo Angelopoulos
• 1995 Ulysses' Gaze, Theo Angelopoulos
• 1998 Eternity and a Day, Theo Angelopoulos
• 1999 Safe Sex (film), Michalis Reppas - Thanassis Papathanasiou
• 2003 A Touch of Spice, Tasos Boulmetis
• 2004 Nyfes, Pantelis Voulgaris
• 2007 El Greco (2007 film), Yannis Smaragdis
• 2009 Dogtooth (film), Yorgos Lanthimos
• 2010 Attenberg, Athina Rachel Tsangari
• 2011 Alps (film), Yorgos Lanthimos

Filming, distribution companies and studios

• Madbox Entertainment (operates its own studios)
• Finos Films (operates its own studios)
• Karagiannis Karatzopoulos
• Village Films Hellas (Greek branch of Village Roadshow)
• Cinegram
• Odeon Hellas
• Make a Movie in Greece - Media Productions
• Stefi
• CL productions
• Audiovisual (biggest distributor)
• Karamanos Studios (biggest studios in Greece)
• Novak Films (operates own studios)

*Skouras Films (Film Distribution) *Master (Film Distribution)

Renowned figures

Directors

Theo Angelopoulos Angeliki Antoniou Tasos Boulmetis Michael Cacoyannis George Pan Cosmatos Giannis Dalianidis Alexis Damianos Nikos Foscolos Costa Gavras Vasilis Georgiadis Constantine Giannaris Takis Kanellopoulos Costas Ferris Iakovos Kambanelis Kostas Karagiannis Nikos Koundouros

Giorgos Lanthimos Orestis Laskos Dinos Dimopoulos Prodromos Meravidis Nikos Nikolaidis Nikos Panagiotopoulos Vassilis Photopoulos Alekos Sakellarios Yannis Smaragdis Nikos Tsiforos Giorgos Tzavellas Thanasis Veggos Takis Vougiouklakis Nikos Perakis Pantelis Voulgaris

Actors

Cybele (actress) Katina Paxinou Manos Katrakis Alexis Minotis Irene Papas Aimilios Veakis Tzeni Karezi Kostas Kazakos Melina Mercouri Dinos Iliopoulos Tasso Kavadia Christos Tsaganeas Costas Hajihristos Andreas Barkoulis Nikos Stavridis Kostas Voutsas Lambros Konstantaras Spiros Kalogirou Dionyssis Papayannopoulos Vassilis Logothetidis Orestis Makris Vasilis Diamantopoulos Thanasis Veggos Nora Valsami Nikos Kourkoulos Giorgos Konstantinou (actor) Alekos Alexandrakis Marika Nezer Georgia Vasiliadou

Rena Vlahopoulou Ellie Lambeti Sofia Vembo Martha Karagianni Eleni Zafeiriou Maro Kontou Aliki Vougiouklaki Giorgos Kimoulis Dimitris Horn Ilya Livykou Dimitris Papamichael Yannis Bezos Sotiris Moustakas Giorgos Fountas Georges Corraface Zoe Laskari Sapfo Notara Nikos Rizos Alekos Tzanetakos Mimis Fotopoulos Petros Filipidis Haris Romas Vasilis Avlonitis Spiros Focás Elena Nathanael Lakis Lazopoulos Harry Klynn

Directors of Photography

• Giorgos Arvanitis
• Andreas Sinanos
• Kostas Margaritis

Bibliography

• Dimitris Koliodimos, The Greek filmography, 1914 through 1996, Jefferson, N.C. [u.a.] : McFarland, 1999, 773p.
• Journal of Modern Greek Studies 18.1, May 2000, Special Issue: Greek Film

See also

• Cinema of the world
• World cinema
• List of Greek films
• List of Greek actors
• Theatre of Ancient Greece
• Cinema of Cyprus
• European cinema
• Culture of Greece

References

1. ^ "83rd Academy Awards Nominations Announced". oscars.org. 2011-01-25. http://www.oscars.org/press/presskits/nominations/pdf/83aa_release.pdf. Retrieved 25 January 2011. 
2. ^ http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/archive/67th-festival/awards/
3. ^ http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/festival/awards/

External links

• Alekos Sakellarios talks about the first movies of Greek cinema at YouTube
• Daphnis et Chloe (1931) at YouTube
• Hirokrotimata (1944) at YouTube
• The Drunkard (1950) at YouTube
• The Counterfeit Coin (1955) at YouTube
• I theia ap' to Chicago (1957) at YouTube
• Woe to the Young (1961) at YouTube
• Madbox Entertainment - Film production company and studios and postproduction
• myFILM.gr - Entertainment news and movie reviews (Greek)
• Modern Hellenic (Greek) film (cinema), theater and film directors, Actors
• Database of Greek films
• greek-movies.com
• Greek movies, tv series and shows database.
• Extensive history of cinema in Greece.
• Make a Movie in Greece - media productions in Greece
• Various movie theatres in Greece