Montana State Capitol

Montana State Capitol
General information
Architectural style	Neoclassical
Town or city	Helena, Montana
Country	United States
Construction started	1899
Completed	1902
Cost	$540,000
Design and construction
Client	State of Montana
Architect	Charles Emlen Bell and John Hackett Kent

The Montana State Capitol is the state capitol of the U.S. state of Montana. It houses the Montana State Legislature and is located in the state capital of Helena at 1301 East Sixth Avenue. The building was constructed between 1896 and 1902 with wing-annexes added between 1909 and 1912.

History

Winning competition design for the Montana State Capitol by George R. Mann, 1896 (unbuilt)

A design competition for the building was conducted in 1896. The commission selected a design by George R. Mann as the winner. In 1897, after it was found that the Commission was planning to scam money from the building project, it was disbanded and a second Capitol Commission was convened. The new Commission abandoned Mann's plan as being too costly, and had a second design competition, won by Charles Emlen Bell and John Hackett Kent. While Mann's building was never built in Montana, it was selected later as the basic design for the Arkansas State Capitol.^[1]

The winning design by Bell and Kent had been altered already during the construction phase, when in 1901 the commission asked for the structure to be made more imposing by increasing the height of the dome. Kent opposed the changes, as his original low spherical dome was meant to be "pure Greek", but Bell advocated the commission's request.^[2] Between 1909-12 the building has been extended by addition of two new wings on the eastern and western sides.^[3]

Architecture

The building, constructed of Montana sandstone and granite, is in Greek neoclassical architectural style, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.^[4] The exterior of the dome is covered with copper. Atop the dome is a feminine statue affectionately dubbed "Lady Liberty."

Art

Interior view of the dome

Detail of Lewis and Clark Meeting the Flathead Indians at Ross' Hole (existing light image)

The most notable feature inside the center of the Capitol building is the massive rotunda, with four circular paintings surrounding it. These paintings, were painted for the Capitol opening in 1902 by the firm of F. Pedretti's Sons, depict four important archetypes of people of Montana's early history: a native American (intended to be of Chief Charlo), an explorer and fur trapper (Jim Bridger), a gold miner (Henry Finnis Edgar, one of the discoverers of gold at Alder Gulch), and a cowboy (unidentified, but said to be inspired by the works of C.M. Russell).^[5] The Pendretti brothers provided additional commissioned artwork in the Senate and Old Supreme Court Chambers.

The western arch of the rotunda features the semi-elliptical painting "Driving The Golden Spike", painted by Amedee Joullin. The former State Law Library, now a set of committee rooms, features ten Montana landscapes created by Ralph E. DeCamp. The House of Representatives Lobby features six scenes depicting significant events in early Montana History by Edgar S. Paxson.

The most significant piece of art in the Capitol is by Montana's famous Western artist Charles M. Russell. The 1912 painting, titled Lewis and Clark Meeting the Flathead Indians at Ross' Hole, is 25 feet (7.6 m) long and twelve feet high. It depicts the explorers Lewis and Clark meeting Montana's Bitterroot Salish people upon their return across the Bitterroot Mountains from the Pacific Ocean. It is now displayed above the Speaker's chair in the House of Representatives' chamber.

References

1. ^ History of Helena blog, quoting Mr. Kirby Lambert, Curator of Art at the Montana Historical Society, retrieved 2 March 2010
2. ^ History of Helena blog, quoting Historic Structure Report: Montana State Capitol Building by Jim McDonald, 1981, retrieved 2 March 2010
3. ^ History of Helena blog, retrieved 2 March 2010
4. ^ National Register of Historic Places, retrieved 2 March 2010
5. ^ [1]

External links

• Historic images of the Montana State Capitol
• Visiting information and history

Coordinates: 46°35′09″N 112°01′06″W / 46.5857°N 112.0184°W / 46.5857; -112.0184