Pacific-12 Conference

Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12)
Established	1915
Association	NCAA
Division	Division I FBS
Members	12
Sports fielded	22 (men's: 11; women's: 11)
Region	Western United States
Former names	Pacific Coast Conference (PCC, 1915-1959) Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU, 1959–68) Pacific-8 (1968–78) Pacific-10 (1978-2011) Big Five (1959–62) — unofficial Big Six (1962–64) — unofficial Pacific-8 (1964–68) — unofficial
Headquarters	Walnut Creek, California
Commissioner	Larry Scott (since 2009)
Website	pac-12.org
Locations

The Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12) is a college athletic conference that operates in the Western United States. It participates in the NCAA's Division I; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS; formerly Division I-A), the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition. The conference's 12 members (which are primarily flagship research universities in their respective regions, well-regarded academically, and with relatively large student enrollment) compete in 22 NCAA sports. It was founded as the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC), in 1915, which principal members founded the (Athletic Association of Western Universities) (AAWU) in 1959, and went by the names Big Five, Big Six, Pacific-8, Pacific-10, becoming the Pacific-12 in 2011.

The "Conference of Champions," the Pac-12 has won more NCAA National Team Championships than any other conference in history; the top three schools with the most NCAA team championships belong to the Pac-12 (UCLA, Stanford and USC, in that order). With Arizona State's softball title in 2011, the conference won its 400th NCAA Championship.

The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott who replaced Thomas C. Hansen, who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position.^[1] Prior to joining the Pac-10, Scott was Chairman and CEO of the Women's Tennis Association.^[2]

Membership

Full members

Institution	Location	Founded	Type	Enrollment	Endowment	Annual Research[3]	Nickname	NCAA Team Championships (through June 5, 2011)[4]
University of Arizona	Tucson, Arizona	1885	Public	38,057 [5]	&10000000436600000000000$436,600,000 [6]	&10000000545869000000000$545,869,000	Wildcats	17
Arizona State University	Tempe, Arizona	1885	Public	70,400 [7]	&10000000441000000000000$441,000,000 [8]	&10000000259503000000000$259,503,000	Sun Devils	23
University of California, Berkeley	Berkeley, California	1868	Public	35,843 [9]	&10000002340000000000000$2,340,000,000 [6][10]	&10000000591770000000000$591,770,000	Golden Bears	30
University of Colorado at Boulder	Boulder, Colorado	1876	Public	29,952 [11]	&10000000665442000000000$665,442,000 [6]	&10000000454000000000000$454,000,000	Buffaloes	22
University of Oregon	Eugene, Oregon	1876	Public	23,389 [12]	&10000000386500000000000$386,500,000 [6]	&10000000067378000000000$67,378,000	Ducks	18
Oregon State University	Corvallis, Oregon	1868	Public	23,671 [13]	&10000000329200000000000$329,200,000 [6]	&10000000188056000000000$188,056,000	Beavers	3
Stanford University	Stanford, California	1891	Private	19,535 [14]	&10000012620000000000000$12,620,000,000 [6]	&10000000688225000000000$688,225,000	Cardinal	101
University of California, Los Angeles	Los Angeles, California	1919	Public	39,593 [15]	&10000001880000000000000$1,880,000,000 [6][10]	&10000000871478000000000$871,478,000	Bruins	107
University of Southern California	Los Angeles, California	1880	Private	36,896 [16]	&10000002670000000000000$2,670,000,000 [6]	&10000000519543000000000$519,543,000	Trojans	93
University of Utah	Salt Lake City, Utah	1850	Public	30,819[17]	&10000000513400000000000$513,400,000 [6]	&10000000253891000000000$253,891,000	Utes	20
University of Washington	Seattle, Washington	1861	Public	47,361[18]	&10000001650000000000000$1,650,000,000 [6]	&10000000765135000000000$765,135,000	Huskies	7
Washington State University	Pullman, Washington	1890	Public	26,101[19]	&10000000619700000000000$619,700,000 [6]	&10000000276806000000000$276,806,000	Cougars	2

Affiliate members

Institution	Location	Founded	Type	Enrollment	Nickname	Current Conference	Pac-12 Sports
Boise State University	Boise, Idaho	1932	Public	19,667	Broncos	Mountain West	Wrestling
California Polytechnic State University	San Luis Obispo, California	1901	Public	19,777	Mustangs	Big West	Men's Swimming and Diving, Wrestling
California State University, Bakersfield	Bakersfield, California	1965	Public	7,493	Roadrunners	Independent	Wrestling
California State University, Fullerton	Fullerton, California	1957	Public	36,996	Titans	Big West	Wrestling
San Diego State University	San Diego, California	1897	Public	34,500	Aztecs	Mountain West	Men's Soccer
University of California, Davis	Davis, California	1908	Public	31,426	Aggies	Big West	Wrestling
University of California, Santa Barbara	Santa Barbara, California	1909	Public	20,559	Gauchos	Big West	Men's Swimming and Diving

Former members

No school has left the Pacific-12 since its founding as the AAWU in 1959. Two members of the PCC never joined the AAWU.

Institution	Location	Founded	Type	Enrollment	Nickname	Conference Membership	Current Conference
University of Idaho	Moscow, Idaho	1889	Public	11,957	Vandals	1922–1959	WAC
University of Montana	Missoula, Montana	1893	Public	14,921	Grizzlies	1924–1950	Big Sky

History

Locations of current Pacific-12 Conference full member institutions.

Pacific Coast Conference

Main article: Pacific Coast Conference

The roots of the Pac-12 Conference go back to December 2, 1915, when the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) was founded at a meeting at the Imperial Hotel in Portland, Oregon.^[20] Charter members were the University of California (now University of California, Berkeley), the University of Washington, the University of Oregon, and Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University). The conference began play in 1916.

One year later, Washington State College (now Washington State University) joined the league, followed by Stanford University in 1918.

In 1922, the PCC expanded to eight teams with the admission of USC and Idaho. Montana joined the Conference in 1924, and in 1928, the PCC grew to 10 members with the addition of UCLA.

For many years, the conference split into two divisions for basketball—a Southern Division comprising the four California schools and a Northern Division comprising the six schools in the Pacific Northwest.

In 1950, Montana departed to join the Mountain States Conference. The PCC continued as a nine-team league through 1958.

AAWU (Big Five and Big Six)

Following a "pay-for-play" scandal at several PCC institutions (specifically Cal, USC, UCLA and Washington), the PCC disbanded in 1959. When those four and Stanford started talking about forming a new conference, retired Admiral Thomas J. Hamilton interceded and suggested the schools consider creating a "power conference." Nicknamed the "Airplane Conference", the five PCC schools would have played with other big schools including Army, Navy, Air Force, Notre Dame, Penn, Penn State, Duke, and Georgia Tech among others. The effort fell through when a Pentagon official vetoed the idea and the service academies backed out.^[21]

On July 1, 1959 the new Athletic Association of Western Universities was formed, with Cal, Stanford, UCLA, USC, and Washington as charter members. The conference also was popularly known as the Big Five from 1960 to 62;^[22] when Washington State joined in 1962, the conference was then informally known as the Big Six.^[22]

Pacific-8

Oregon and Oregon State joined in 1964. With the addition of the two Oregon schools, the conference became known unofficially as the Pacific-8 (as there already was a Big Eight Conference). Idaho was never invited to join the AAWU; the Vandals were independent for four years until the formation of the Big Sky Conference in 1963.

In 1968, the AAWU formally renamed itself the Pacific-8 Conference, or Pac-8 for short.

Pacific-10

Final Pac-10 Conference logo

In 1978, the conference added WAC schools Arizona and Arizona State, to create the Pacific-10 Conference or Pac-10.

In the mid-1990s the conference expressed interest in admitting the University of Colorado, as well as the University of Texas after the collapse of the Southwest Conference. Texas expressed an interest in joining a strong academic conference, but joined three fellow SWC schools (Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) to combine with the Big Eight Conference to form the Big 12 Conference in 1996. Colorado elected at the time to remain in the newly-formed Big 12 Conference.^[23]

Before the addition of Colorado and Utah in 2011, only one Division I conference, the Ivy League, had maintained its membership for a longer time than the Pac-10. Commissioner Larry Scott said on February 9, 2010, that the window for expansion by the conference was open for the next year as the conference began negotiations for a new television deal. Speaking on a conference call to introduce former Big 12 commissioner Kevin Weiberg as his new deputy, Scott talked about possibly adding new teams to the conference and launching a new television network. Scott, the former head of the Women’s Tennis Association, took over the conference in July 2009. In his first eight months on the job, he saw growing interest from the membership over the possibility of adding teams for the first time since Arizona and Arizona State joined the conference in 1978.

Pacific-12

Main article: 2010–11 NCAA conference realignment

In early June 2010, there were reports that the Pac-10 would be considering adding up to six teams to the conference, including Texas Tech University, University of Texas at Austin, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University, University of Colorado at Boulder, or possibly Baylor University and Texas A&M University.^[24][25]

On June 10, 2010, the University of Colorado at Boulder officially accepted an invitation to join the Pac-10 Conference, effective in the 2012–2013 academic year.^[26][27] The school later announced it would join the conference a year early than previously announced, in the 2011-2012 academic year.

On June 15, 2010, a deal was reached between Texas and the Big 12 Conference to keep Texas, Texas Tech, Texas A&M, Oklahoma and Oklahoma State in the Big 12. Following Texas' decision, the other Big 12 schools that had been rumored candidates to join the Pac-10 announced they would remain in the Big 12. This deal effectively ended the Pac-10's ambition to potentially become a sixteen-team conference.^[28]

On June 17, 2010, the University of Utah officially accepted an invitation to join the Pac-10 Conference, effective in the 2011–2012 school year.^[26] Utah was a member of the WAC with Arizona and Arizona State before they left for the Pac-10. The Utes joined the Pac-12 from the Mountain West Conference. Utah is also the first "BCS Buster" to join a BCS conference, having played in (and won) two BCS games beforehand, and one of the first to leave the MWC, of which Utah was a charter member.

On July 27, 2010, the conference unveiled a new logo and announced that the Pac-10 would be renamed to the Pac-12 when two new universities would join the conference. On October 21, 2010 the Pac-12 announced that it would be divided into two divisions for purposes of football, with the North Division consisting of the schools in Oregon, Washington, and Northern California and the South Division consisting of Colorado, Utah, and the schools in Arizona and Southern California. On July 1, 2011 the Pac-12 assumed its current alignment when both Colorado and Utah officially joined as full members.

To this day, the Pac-12 claims the PCC's history as its own. It inherited the PCC's berth in the Rose Bowl, and the eight largest schools in the old PCC all eventually joined the new league. However, the older league had a separate charter.

The Pac-12 is one of the founding members of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation, a conference organized to provide competition in non-revenue Olympic sports. All Pac-12 members participate in at least one MPSF sport (men's and women's indoor track and field both actually have enough participating Pac-12 schools for the conference to sponsor a championship, but the Pac-12 has opted not to do so), and for certain sports, the Pac-12 admits certain schools as Associate Members.

Membership timeline

NCAA national titles

Main article: List of Pacific-12 Conference National Championships

NCAA National Championship trophies, rings, watches won by UCLA teams

School	Team			Individual
	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total
Arizona	6	11	17	62	84	146
Arizona State	11	12	23	61	43	104
California	25	5	30	135	62	197
Colorado	20	2	22	106	12	118
Oregon	13	5	18	78	24	102
Oregon State	3	0	3	32	7	39
Stanford	61	40	101	262	177	439
UCLA	71	36	107	162	100	262
USC	79	14	93	303	60	363
Utah	11	9	20	70	24	94
Washington	1	6	7	55	15	70
Washington State	2	0	2	80	6	86
Conference total	302	140	442	1406	614	2020

• through 2010-11 season (updated at end of school year)^[4][29][30]
• combined championships are counted in the men column

These totals do not include football national championships, which the NCAA does not officially declare at the FBS level. Various polls, formulas, and other third-party systems have been used to determine national championships, not all of which are universally accepted.

Southern California claims 11 national football championships,^[31] California claims 5,^[32][33] Washington claims 2,^[34][35] and Colorado, Stanford, and UCLA each claim 1.^{[36][37][38][38][39][40]}

Conference champions

Main article: List of Pacific-12 Conference champions

• Football
• Men's Basketball
• Women's Basketball
• Baseball
• Softball
• Gymnastics
• Men's Soccer
• Women's Soccer
• Women's Volleyball

Football

Big Game, 2004 between Cal and Stanford

Each of the 10 schools that were conference members before 2011 has its own in-state, conference rivalry. One is an intracity rivalry (UCLA-USC), and another is within the same metropolitan area (Cal-Stanford). These rivalries (and the name given to the football forms) are:

• Oregon–Oregon State (The Civil War, the winner's Alumni Association gets the Platypus Trophy but is not recognized by the Universities).
• Cal–Stanford (The Big Game, winner gets the Stanford Axe).
• Arizona–Arizona State (The Duel in the Desert, winner gets the Territorial Cup).
• Washington–Washington State (The Apple Cup game, since 1962 the winner gets the Apple Cup trophy).
• UCLA–USC (winner gets the Victory Bell).

The two newest members, Colorado and Utah, have a football rivalry as well that had been dormant since 1962 - both were conference rivals previously in the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference (now a Division II conference), and later the now-defunct Mountain States Conference (also known as the Skyline Conference). Even after Colorado joined what became the Big 12 in 1948 (the conference was then known popularly as the Big 7 Conference), the two schools continued their football rivalry for over a decade before ending it after the 1962 season. Colorado leads the series with Utah 30–24–3. With the two schools being placed in the same division for football starting in 2011, the rivalry will be revived when the two schools meet for the 58th time during the 2011 Pac-12 season.

There are other notable football rivalries within the Pac-12.

All of the California schools consider each other major rivals, due to the culture clash between Northern and Southern California. For USC, the big game is UCLA. For Stanford, their big game is Cal. But for both Stanford and Cal, their second biggest game is USC.^[41] Cal and UCLA have a rivalry rooted in their shared history as the top programs within the University of California system. Stanford and USC have a rivalry rooted in their shared history as the only private schools in the Pac-12. Cal and USC also have a long history, having played each other every year in football since 1916.

Oregon, Oregon State, Washington, and Washington State all consider each other major rivals due to the proximity and long history. The Oregon - Washington rivalry is sometimes referred to as the Border War. ^[42]

Arizona and New Mexico have a recently renewed rivalry game, based upon when they were both members of the WAC and both states were longtime territories before being admitted as states in 1912. They played for the Kit Carson Rifle trophy, which was no longer used starting with their meeting in the 1997 Insight Bowl.^[43][44]

USC and Notre Dame have an intersectional rivalry (See Notre Dame – USC rivalry). The games in odd-numbered years in Indiana are played in mid-October, while the games in even-numbered years in Los Angeles are usually played in late November.

The isolated rural campuses of Washington State and Idaho are eight miles (13 km) apart on the Palouse, creating a natural border war. Idaho rejoined FBS in 1996; the football rivalry has been dubbed Battle of the Palouse.

Utah and BYU have a fierce rivalry that goes back to 1896 that until recently was an inter-conference rivalry nicknamed the Holy War.

With the NCAA permanently approving 12-game schedules in college football beginning in 2006, the Pac-10—alone among major conferences in doing so—went to a full nine-game conference schedule. Previously, the schools did not play one non-rival opponent, resulting in an eight-game conference schedule (four home games and four away). In 2010, the last season before the arrival of Colorado and Utah, the only other BCS conference that played a round-robin schedule was the Big East. The schedule consisted of one home and away game against the two schools in each region, plus the game against the primary rival.

Divisions

On October 21, 2010 the Pacific-10 announced the football divisions that will be used when Utah and Colorado move from the Mountain West Conference and Big 12 Conference respectively, forming the new Pacific-12 conference effective July 1, 2011. Divided into "North" and "South" divisions, each will have the following schools in the divisions only for football--a North Division comprising the Pacific Northwest and Bay Area schools, and a South Division comprising the Mountain Time Zone and Southern California schools.^[45] However, the four California schools (gray background below) will still play each other every season.

North Division	South Division
Oregon	Arizona
Oregon State	Arizona State
Washington	Colorado
Washington State	Utah
California	UCLA
Stanford	USC

A nine-game conference schedule is being maintained, with five matches within the assigned division and four matches from the opposite division. The four California teams will play each other every season. Thus, the four non-California teams in each division will only play one of the two California teams from the opposite division each year, facing the same school every other year on average.

Pac-12 Football Championship Game

The Pac-12 Football Championship Game will feature the North Division Champion against the South Division Champion. The Divisional Champions will be determined based on record in all Conference games (both divisional and cross-divisional). The Championship Game will be played at the home football venue of one of the Divisional Champions. The host will be determined based on record in all Conference games (both divisional and cross-divisional).^[46]

Tie-breaking Procedures Divisional Champion Tie-breaker

• Two Teams:

• Head-to-head competition between the two tied teams. If no game is played between the two tied teams or that game ends in a tie, the following tie-breaking procedures would be applied:

1. Record in games played within the division.
2. Record against the next highest placed team in the division (based on record in all Conference games, both divisional and cross-divisional) proceeding through the division.
3. Record in common Conference games.
4. Highest BCS Ranking following the last weekend of regular-season games.
5. Total number of wins in a 12-game season. The following conditions will apply to the calculation of the total number of wins:

• Only one win against a team from the NCAA Football Championship Subdivision or lower division will be counted annually.
• Any games that are exempted from counting against the annual maximum number of football contests per NCAA rules (current Bylaw 17.9.5.2) shall not be included.

6. Coin toss.

• Three or More Teams:

• The following procedures will only be used to eliminate all but two teams, at which point the two-team tie-breaking procedure will be applied.

1. Head-to-head (best record in games among the tied teams).
2. Record in games played within the division.
3. Record against the next highest placed team in the division (based on record in all Conference games, both divisional and cross-divisional), proceeding through the division.
4. Record in common Conference games.
5. Highest BCS Ranking following the last weekend of regular-season games.

Bowl games

The following is the current bowl selection order and the teams involved in each bowl:

Pick	Name	Location	Opposing conference	Opposing pick
1	Rose Bowl	Pasadena, California	Big Ten or BCS	–
2	Alamo Bowl	San Antonio, Texas	Big 12	3
3	Holiday Bowl	San Diego, California	Big 12	5
4	Sun Bowl	El Paso, Texas	ACC	4
5	Maaco Bowl Las Vegas	Whitney, Nevada	MWC	1
6	Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl	San Francisco, California	Army (2011), Navy (2012), BYU (2013)	1/2/3
7	New Mexico Bowl	Albuquerque, New Mexico	MWC

See also

• Pacific-12 Conference football statistics
• Pacific-12 Conference football awards

Rivalries in other sports

All of the intra-conference rivalries in football are carried over into other sports.

During the 1970s, UCLA and Notre Dame had an intense men's basketball rivalry. For several years, it was the only non-conference game in Division I basketball that was played twice a season (home-and-away). The most famous game in the rivalry was on January 19, 1974, when Notre Dame scored the last 12 points of the game to nip UCLA and end the Bruins' record 88-game winning streak. This rivalry is now dormant, partly because Notre Dame is no longer independent in sports other than football (Big East).

In baseball, there are intense rivalries between the four southern schools. Arizona, Arizona State, USC, and UCLA have long and successful histories in baseball and all have won national titles in the sport. The most intense series is widely regarded to be the "Basebrawl" series between USC and Arizona State in 1990. Arizona State swept the series and in the final game a bench clearing brawl spread quickly to the stands and made national headlines. Several were injured and riot police were called to end the fracas.

Washington and California have a longstanding rivalry in men's crew as the two traditionally dominant programs on the West Coast.

Due to the unique geographic nature of the Pac-12 teams, the teams travel in pairs for road basketball games. For example, on Thursday, February 28, 2008, USC played Arizona and UCLA played Arizona State. Two nights later the teams switched and USC played Arizona State and UCLA played Arizona. Before the arrival of Colorado and Utah, the teams were paired as follows: USC and UCLA (the L.A. teams), Arizona and Arizona State (the Arizona teams), Cal and Stanford (the Bay Area teams), Washington and Washington State (the Washington teams), Oregon and Oregon State (the Oregon teams). Usually, the games are played on Thursdays and Saturdays with a game or occasionally two on Sundays for television purposes. This pairing formula is also used in women's volleyball. To make scheduling simpler for men and women's basketball (a sport in which each conference member uses a single venue for both teams' home games), the schedule for women's basketball is the opposite of the men's schedule. For example, when the Oregon schools are hosting the men's teams from the Arizona schools, the Arizona schools host the women's teams from Oregon schools the same weekend.

This formula has made a tradition in conference play to keep track of how a team does against a particular region; and stats are kept at to how successful a team is against, for example, "the Bay Area schools" at home or away. Effective in the 2011-12 season, with the expansion into 12 teams, a 10 year rotation model has been developed to maintain the existing 18 game conference schedule. Teams remained paired with their regional rival. Each school plays its regional rival and six other teams both home and away, and the other four teams once - two at home and two away. The newest members, Colorado and Utah, are paired with each other. The single play opponents rotate every two years.^[47]

Conference facilities

School	Football stadium	Capacity	Basketball arena	Capacity	Baseball stadium	Capacity
Arizona	Arizona Stadium	56,000[48]	McKale Center	14,545 [49]	Hi Corbett Field	8,665[50]
Arizona State	Frank Kush Field at Sun Devil Stadium	71,706 [51]	Wells Fargo Arena	14,198 [52]	Packard Stadium	7,875 [53]
California	California Memorial Stadium AT&T Park (2011 temporary home)	63,000[54] ~45,000[55]	Haas Pavilion	11,877 [56]	Evans Diamond	2,500 [57]
Colorado	Folsom Field	53,613[58]	Coors Events Center	11,064[59]	No baseball team
Oregon	Autzen Stadium at Rich Brooks Field	54,000 [60]	Matthew Knight Arena	12,541[citation needed]	PK Park	3,600[61]
Oregon State	Reser Stadium	45,674 [62]	Gill Coliseum	10,400 [63]	Goss Stadium at Coleman Field	3,248[citation needed]
Stanford	Stanford Stadium	50,000 [64]	Maples Pavilion	7,233 [65]	Sunken Diamond	4,000 [66]
UCLA	Rose Bowl	91,936 [67]	Pauley Pavilion	12,819 [68]	Jackie Robinson Stadium	2,000[citation needed]
USC	Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum	93,607 [69]	Galen Center	10,258 [70]	Dedeaux Field	2,500 [71]
Utah	Rice–Eccles Stadium	45,017[72]	Jon M. Huntsman Center	15,000[73]	Spring Mobile Ballpark	15,500[74]
Washington	Husky Stadium CenturyLink Field (2012 temporary home)	72,500 [75]	Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion	10,000 [76]	Husky Ballpark at Chaffey Field	1,500 increasing to 3,200[77]
Washington State	Martin Stadium	35,117 [78]	Beasley Coliseum	12,058 [79]	Bailey-Brayton Field	3,500 [80]

Note: California will use AT&T Park as its football venue for the 2011 season, returning to Memorial Stadium for the 2012 season.^[81] Washington will play the 2012 season as well as the 2011 Apple Cup at CenturyLink Field.

Academics

Eight of the twelve member schools are members of the Association of American Universities (AAU):^[82]

• Stanford University
• University of Arizona
• University of California, Berkeley
• University of California, Los Angeles
• University of Colorado at Boulder
• University of Oregon
• University of Southern California
• University of Washington

Commissioners

PCC

• Edwin N. Atherton 1940–44
• Victor O. Schmidt 1944–59

AAWU

• Thomas J. Hamilton 1959–68

Pacific-8

• Thomas J. Hamilton 1968–71
• Wiles Hallock 1971–78

Pacific-10

• Wiles Hallock 1978–83
• Thomas C. Hansen 1983–2009
• Larry Scott 2009–2011

Pacific-12

• Larry Scott 2011–present

References

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2. ^ Pacific-10 Conference Names Larry Scott Commissioner
3. ^ http://mup.asu.edu/research2010.pdf
4. ^ ^{a b} Summary: National Collegiate/Division I Total Championships
5. ^ http://oirps.arizona.edu/files/Fact_Book/NC_Factbook08_09.pdf
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} 2009 NACUBO-Commonfund Study of Endowments NACUBO Endowment Study
7. ^ http://asunews.asu.edu/20091009_fallenrollment
8. ^ Arizona State University - Annual Report 2009-2010
9. ^ Facts at a glance - UC Berkeley
10. ^ ^{a b} UC Annual Endowment Report Office of the Treasurer of The Regents'.' Retrieved March 31, 2010.
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12. ^ http://www.dailyemerald.com/news/oregon-universities-see-increased-enrollment-1.1728983
13. ^ OSU enrollment shows gains in minority, grad and int'l populations | News & Research Communications | Oregon State University
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15. ^ Quick Facts - UCLA Undergraduate Admissions
16. ^ http://www.usc.edu/private/factbook/2009/all_byclass_09.pdf
17. ^ Assessment
18. ^ Discover the University of Washington — University of Washington - washington.edu
19. ^ Quick Facts About WSU, Student Profile - Washington State University
20. ^ (Portland) Oregon Daily Journal, December 3, 1915. "Four Colleges Form Coast Conference at Very Secret Session"
21. ^ Dunnavant, Keith. "The 50 Year Seduction." Thomas Dunne Books: New York, 2004
22. ^ ^{a b} NCAA Men's Basketball Records - Division I conference alignment history (PDF copy available at NCAA.org)
23. ^ Mark Wangrin - "Power brokers: How tagalong Baylor, Tech crashed the revolt". San Antonio Express, August 14, 2005
24. ^ Ratto, Ray (August 13, 2010). "Pac-10 considers becoming Pac-12". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/02/09/SPTB1BUVCC.DTL. 
25. ^ Ratto, Ray (August 8, 2010). "The Pac-10's meet market". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/06/03/SPQN1DPK0U.DTL. 
26. ^ ^{a b} "University of Utah Joins Pac-10". Pacific-10 Conference. p. 4. http://www.pac-10.org/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/pac10/genrel/auto_pdf/061710UtahPresser. 
27. ^ http://www.pac-10.org/genrel/061010aaa.html
28. ^ Texas, Oklahoma, Texas A&M, Oklahoma State stay put in Big 12 Conference - ESPN
29. ^ Summary: National Collegiate/Division I Men's
30. ^ Summary: National Collegiate/Division I Women's
31. ^ USC Sports Information Office (2008). 2008 USC Football Media Guide. University of Southern California. pp. 119–124. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/usc/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/08-usc-mfootbl-mg-part6.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-14. 
32. ^ "CalBears.com - Traditions: Cal National Team Champions". University of California Department of Athletics. http://www.calbears.com/trads/cal-nat-champs.html#team. Retrieved 2009-06-14. 
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