Communipaw

Communipaw is a section of Jersey City, New Jersey west of Liberty State Park and east of Bergen Hill,^[1][2] and site of one the earliest European settlements in North America. It gives its name to the historic avenue which runs from its eastern end near LSP Station through the neighborhoods of Bergen-Lafayette and the West Side that then becomes the Lincoln Highway. Communipaw Junction, or simply, The Junction, is an intersection where Communipaw, Summit Avenue, Garfield Avenue, and Grand Street meet, and where the toll house for the Bergen Point Plank Road was situated. Communipaw Cove at Upper New York Bay, is part of the 36-acre (150,000 m²) state nature preserve in the park and one of the few remaining tidal salt marshes in the Husdon River estuary.

Communipaw-Lafayette

Communipaw was part of Bergen City, New Jersey during its brief incarnation between 1855-1870 before merging with Jersey City, and was urbanized during the late half of the 19th century. Some streets of the neighborhood are part of the Communipaw-Lafayette Historic District.^[3] Lafayette Park is likely named for the Marquis de Lafayette, who was stationed in Bergen in 1799,^[4] and later re-visited in 1824^[5][6][7] A city square similar to Van Vorst Park and Hamilton Park the buildings surrounding it were constructed in different periods. Whitlock Cordage ^[8] is an intact complex of industrial buildings built in the Lafayette section along the long ago filled Morris Canal.^[9][10] The Housing Trust of America purchased the property to preserve the structures as affordable housing. The section near Johnston Avenue was the site of stop on the Underground Railroad and African-American burial ground.^[11] Ficken's Warehouse, once site of Bergen City's main post office, is on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hudson County, New Jersey.

History

Map (c1639) Manhattan situated on the North Rivier with numbered key showing settlements: 27. Farm of Van Vorst; 28. v [sic): 29. Farm of Evertsen; 30. Plantation at Lacher's Hook; 31. Plantation at Paulus Hook; 32. Plantation of Maerytensen.

New Netherland series
Exploration
Fortifications:
• Fort Amsterdam  • Fort Nassau (North)  • Fort Orange  • Fort Nassau (South)  • Fort Goede Hoop  • De Wal	• Fort Casimir  • Fort Altena  • Fort Wilhelmus  • Fort Beversreede  • Fort Nya Korsholm  • De Rondout
Settlements:
• Noten Eylandt  • New Amsterdam  • Rensselaerswyck  • New Haarlem  • Noortwyck  • Beverwijck  • Wiltwyck  • Bergen  • Pavonia  • Vriessendael  • Achter Col  • Vlissingen  • Oude Dorpe	• Colen Donck  • Greenwich  • Heemstede  • Rustdorp  • Gravesende  • Breuckelen  • New Amersfoort  • Midwout  • New Utrecht  • Boswyck  • Swaanendael  • New Amstel  • Nieuw Dorp
The Patroon System Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions
Directors of New Netherland: Cornelius Jacobsen May (1620-25) Willem Verhulst (1625-26) Peter Minuit (1626-32) Sebastiaen Jansen Krol (1632-33) Wouter van Twiller (1633-38) Willem Kieft (1638-47) Peter Stuyvesant (1647-64)
People of New Netherland New Netherlander Twelve Men Eight Men
Flushing Remonstrance

Modern map showing the situation in 1910, with the village on the cove surrounded by rail-infrastructure.

Lenape

At the time of European settlement in the 17th century Communipaw was the site of the summer encampament and counsel fire of the Hackensack Indians.^[12] a phratry of the Lenape. They, along with the Raritan, Tappan, Wecquaesgeek, Canarsee and other groups who circulated in the region were collectively known as the River Indians by the immigrating population.

It is likely that the name is based in the Algonquian language Lenape. Earlier spellings are numerous and have included Gamoenapa,^[12]Gemonepan,^[13] Gemoenepaen,^[13] Gamenepaw, Comounepaw, Comounepan ^[14]Communipau,^[15] Goneuipan^[16] There are a variety of interpretations of the meaning, though most sources relate it to as being from gamunk, on the other side of the river, and pe-auke, water-land, meaning big landing-place from the other side of the river.^[17] (Current: gamuck meaning other side of the water or otherside of the river^[18] or landing place at the side of a river ^[19]).

New Netherland

Henry Hudson, commissioned by the Dutch East India Company, anchored along the shore at Communipaw in 1609 during his explorations of the Upper New York Bay, North River (Hudson River) and Hudson Valley. ^[20] On September 12 he sailed up to Communipaw, where Robert Juet, his mate, wrote in the log that it was "...a very good land to fall in with, and a pleasant land to see." ^[21] The New Netherland Company maintained a factorij, or trading post there during the 1610s.^[22] In 1634 one of the first "bouweries", or homesteads, in the colony of New Netherland was built at Communipaw as part of Pavonia, a patroonship of Amsterdam businessman Micheal Pauw. (Some have suggested that the name comes from Community of Pauw, which likely is more a coincidence than a fact.^{[23][24][25][26]}) For a time it bore the name of the Dutchman who settled there, Jan Everts Bout.,^[27] and was called Jan de Lacher's Hoeck.,^[28] or Jan the Laugher's Point, apparently in reference to his boisterous character. Plantations, worked by enslaved Africans, spread across the low-lying areas between the shoreline and the hill.^[29] It was here that Tappan and Wecquaesgeek fleeing dominant tribes from the north had taken refuge in 1643. They were attacked in the incident known as the Pavonia Massacre, subsequently leading to Kieft's War.^[30]

Originally, the village of Communipaw was part of the colony belonging to the Dutch West India Company. In 1652, became part of the Commonality of New Amsterdam,^[31] (which included all the settlements at Pavonia, Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island), a separate village in 1658,^[32][33][34] under the jurisdiction of the Bergen, established at contemporary Bergen Square. By 1669, regulated ferry service to New Amsterdam was established.^[35][36] After the last British take-over of New Netherland in 1674 it became part of the Province of New Jersey, in the county of Bergen, though it retained its Dutch character for hundreds of years. Washington Irving visited it often (at least once with future US president Martin van Buren) for inspiration. Writing in the early 19th century, he often referred to Communipaw as being the stronghold of traditional Dutch culture.^[37] John Quidor, an American Romantic painter created works inspired the village: Embarkation from Communipaw and The Voyage from Communipaw to Hell Gate. Suydam Street, which can translate as south dam runs for one block south of Communipaw Avenue is taken early Dutch family, whose descendent, Rev. J. Howard Suydam, D.D,, was member and historian of the Holland Society of New York.^[38]

CRRNJ

Communipaw Terminal at Liberty State Park

Originally, the waters of the Upper New York Bay facing the village (situated near the site of today's Liberty Science Center) hosted vast oyster beds that were harvested well into the 19th century.^[39] As it was industrialized, first with the construction of ports and later with rail infrastructure, the shoreline was expanded with landfill, notably by the Lehigh Valley Railroad and the Central Railroad of New Jersey. Communipaw Terminal, officially known as the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal, was the waterfront terminus. The monument, along with the Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island recalls the period of massive emigration to the United States. The cove just to the south of the station is sometimes still called Communipaw Cove. The railroad also maintained a Communipaw Station in the neighborhood farther inland ^[40] along the right of way now used by the Hudson Bergen Light Rail. Johnston Avenue is named for an early president of the company.

Transportation

County Route 612
Communipaw Avenue
Route information
Length:	1.94 mi[41] (3.12 km)
Major junctions
East end:	Liberty State Park (HBLR station)
	CR 501
West end:	NJ 440
Highway system
County routes in New Jersey 500-series • County routes in Hudson County ← CR 611 CR 613 →

Buses traveling southbound through The Junction are the R&T 4,^[42] NJT 4,^[43] NJT 81^[44] through Greenville to Curries Woods, with the 81 continuing to Bayonne. On some trips on the NJT6 alternates it routes along the Lafayette Loop. Northbound the NJT6 travels to Journal Square, while the R&T4 and the NJT81 travel through Downtown Jersey City to Exchange Place. The nearest stations of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail are located along the southern periphery of the neighborhood at Garfield Avenue in Claremont and at LSP.

See also

• Bergen
• Achter Col.
• Harsimus
• Pavonia
• Vriessendael
• English Neighborhood
• List of neighborhoods in Jersey City, New Jersey
• Etymologies of place names in Hudson County, New Jersey

References

1. ^ · HC areas map
2. ^ [1] Map
3. ^ NJ State Register of Historic Places in Hudson County
4. ^ Battle with British
5. ^ Aplple Tree House
6. ^ Harriet Phillips Eaton, Jersey City And Its Historic Sites, 1899:
7. ^ Grundy, J. Owen (1975). The History of Jersey City (1609 - 1976). Jersey City: Walter E. Knight. 
8. ^ "Jersey City History: The Whitlock Cordage". The Jersey City Landmarks Conservancy. 2007. http://www.jclandmarks.org/history-whitlockcordage.shtml. Retrieved 2009-06-24. ^{[dead link]}
9. ^ [2]
10. ^ JC Online
11. ^ Underground Railroad in JC
12. ^ ^{a b} Ruttenber,E.M.,Indian Tribes of Hudson's River, ISBN 0-910746-98-2 (Hope Farm Press, 3rd ed, 2001)
13. ^ ^{a b} Joan F. Doherty, Hudson County The Left Bank, ISBN 0-89781-172-0 (Windsor Publications, Inc., 1986)
14. ^ New Jersey Colonial Records, East Jersey Records: Part 1-Volume 21, Calender of Records 1664-1702
15. ^ http://www.cityofjerseycity.org/oldberg/chapter15.shtml
16. ^ www.nj.gov/state/darm/links/pdf/pasevensettledtowns.pdf
17. ^ http://www.archive.org/stream/fourchaptersofpa00shri/fourchaptersofpa00shri_djvu.txt
18. ^ The Lenape/English Dictionary http://www.gilwell.com/lenape
19. ^ http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~njmorris/general_info/indian.htm
20. ^ http://www.jerseycityonline.com/jc_history.htm
21. ^ [3] JC Online]
22. ^ McKinley, Albert E. (October 1900). "The English and Dutch Towns of New Netherland". American Historical Review 6: 1–18. http://www.dinsdoc.com/mckinley-2.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-27. 
23. ^ http://members.home.nl/pushkar/oranje11.html#1626
24. ^ http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/m/y/e/Ron-C-Myers/GENE31-0099.html
25. ^ Gannett, Ganett, Henry, The Origin of Certain Place Names in The United States
26. ^ Writers' Program (U.S.) New Jersey. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names Trenton , NJ, New Jersey Public Library Commission, 1945. ... www.njstatelib.org/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/Digidox7.php
27. ^ Jan Evertsen Bout at Pavonia
28. ^ Communipaw
29. ^ Hodges, Graham Rusell (1999). "Free People and Slaves, 1613-1664". Dutch New York:Roots and Branch:African Americans in New York and East Jersey. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-8078-4778-X. 
30. ^ http://www.greenapple.com/~cshart/ROOTVIEW/HTML/i0770nt.htm
31. ^ Russell Shorto (2004). The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America. Random House. ISBN 1-4000-7867-9. 
32. ^ http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nycoloni/annals.html
33. ^ </://.jerseycityonline.com/jc_history.htm JC History
34. ^ http://www.gutenberg.lib.md.us/2/3/2/5/23258/23258-h/23258-h.htm#Page_82
35. ^ Adams, Arthur G., The Hudson Through the Years, Fordham University Place, ISBN 9780823216765, http://books.google.com/books?id=As5tyLSVC5wC&pg=PA174&dq=perth+amboy+ferry&hl=en&ei=hEYjToXHJIuYOtK7wfEO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=perth%20amboy%20ferry&f=false 
36. ^ http://books.google.nl/books?id=rxPcnAAegXMC&pg=PA272&dq=Perth+Amboy+Ferry&hl=nl&ei=1ikjTvHGM4OYOoWppfEO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Perth%20Amboy%20Ferry&f=false
37. ^ http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Knickerbocker%27s_History_of_New_York/Book_II/Chapter_II
38. ^ Vookles, Laura; Roger Panetta, ed (2009). Dutch New York The Roots of Hudson Valley Culture. Yonkers, New York: Hudson River Museum. pp. 275, 279. ISBN 978-0-8232-3039-6. 
39. ^ Kurlansky, Mark, The Big Oyster, ISBN 978-0-345-47639-5, Random House Trade paerpbacks, New York, 2006
40. ^ List of stations on the Central Railroad of New Jersey. (2009, August 14). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:31, November 21, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_stations_on_the_Central_Railroad_of_New_Jersey&oldid=307851840
41. ^ "Hudson County 612 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/09000612__-.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-15. 
42. ^ Route 4 schedule
43. ^ NJT bus 6 schedule
44. ^ NJT 81 schedule

External links

• 1860 Map
• Communipaw by Washington Irving
• A Legend of Communipaw by Washington Irving
• Lafayette Gardens site map
• NJ Churchscape: Lafayette Reformed
• Good_Ship_Pride_of_Communipaw_Flats