- Pupillary reflex
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Pupillary reflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function.
Types include:
Although pupillary dilation is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic.
Accommodation and vergence are also known as the "near response", while inhibition of the ciliary muscle is also known as the "far response".
Sensory system: Visual system and eye movement pathways Visual perception 1° (Bipolar cell of Retina) → 2° (Ganglionic cell) → 3° (Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → LGN of Thalamus) → 4° (Optic radiation → Cuneus and Lingual gyrus of Visual cortex → Blobs → Globs)Muscles of orbit TrackingHorizontal gazeVertical gazePupillary reflex Pupillary dilation1° (Posterior hypothalamus → Ciliospinal center) → 2° (Superior cervical ganglion) → 3° (Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Nasociliary nerve → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle)1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Visual cortex → Brodmann area 19 → Pretectal area) → 2° (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Short ciliary nerves → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary muscle)Circadian rhythm M: EYE
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