Paramara

Bhoj Mandir, a Shiva Temple by Raja Bhoj
Vansha	Agnivansha
Descended from:	Agni
Branches (Gotras):	Panwars, Moris, Sodhas etc.
Ruled in	Dhar, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Hariyana, Rajasthan, Gujarat
Princely states:	Chittorgarh, Dhar, Dewas, Garhwal Kingdom, Rajputana
Population Location:	India, Nepal and Pakistan
Languages:	Hindi, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Marathi, Gujarati, Bhojpuri, Braj Bhasa, Awadhi, Kumaoni

Paramara (also known as Parmara, Parmar, Puar, Ponwar, Panhwar, Pawar and Panwar) is a Maratha, Gurjar,& Rajput clan of India.

The Paramara clan belongs to the Agnivansha of Rajputs^[1] ancient Kshatriyas.^[2][3] A section of the Paramaras formed a prominent ruling dynasty of medieval India, with their capital at Dhar, from the 9th century to the 14th century.^[2] In modern times, the Paramaras are located throughout northern, western and central India. Paramaras are also spread throughout the nations of the former British Empire, particularly Canada and the United Kingdom, as well as in the USA and in Sindh, Pakistan, where they constitute 40% of the population of the Dadu district; here they are called Panhwars. The Pawar clan of the Marathas, who ruled the states of Dewas, Dhar, Rajgarh in Malwa and Chhatarpur in Bundelkhand from the 18th century to the mid-20th century, claim the same descent as the Paramaras.

History

Etymology

Indian (Rajasthan and neighbouring states): Sanskrit name meaning one that strikes the enemy, from Sanskrit para ‘alien’, ‘enemy’ + mara ‘strike’, ‘kill’.^[4]

Ancient and medieval history

There are various schools of thought about the origin of the Paramara clan. Most widely accepted is the idea that the Paramaras – along with the Chauhans, the Pratiharas (Parihars) and the Solankis (Chalukyas) – were one of the four Agni kula ("fire-born") Kshatriyas.

According to the Katha-sarita-sagara account, the legendary King Vikramāditya was the son of Ujjain's King Mahendraditya of the Paramara dynasty.

Further, Rajpipla State in Gujarat was also founded by the Parmar Rajputs, descendants of Vikramaditya of Ujjain. They are believed to have brought idols of Harsidhhi Mata from Ujjain and worship her as their Kuldevi.

According to the myths their great-grand forefather, Parmar, was created out of fire by Inder Devta, the god of fire, at Mount Abu. It is said that as the newly created man had come out from fire saying “mar, mar” loudly, he came to be known as parmar, and Abu, Dhar, and Ujjain were assigned to him as a territory.

The 4 clans known as Agnikula were the Parmar, Chauhan, Parihar, and Chalukya or Solanki.

The Navasahasanka charitra of Padmaguta (11th cent AD) mentions the first of the Parmara clan : Vashishta created a hero from his agnikunda to get back the cow that Vishvamitra had taken from him. Vashishta then said: "you will become a lord of the kings called Paramara". Here Paramara indicated killer of others. This hero's son Upendra was succeeded by Vakpatiraj I.

The ancient inscriptions in the Pali Buddhist character have been discovered in various parts of Rajasthan of the race of Taxak or Tak, relating to the tribe Mori and Parmara are their descendants. Taxak Mori was the lord of Chittor from very early period.^[5][6] The Huna Kingdom of Sialkot (of Mihir Kula 515-540 AD), destroyed by Yashodharman, was subsequently seized by a new dynasty of kshatriyas called Tak or Taxaka. The Taxak Mori as being lords of Chittor from very early period and few generations after the Guhilots supplanted the Moris. (725-35) we find amongst the numerous defenders who appear to have considered the cause of Chittor their own the Tak from Asirgarh. This race appears to have retained possession of Asirgarh for at least two centuries after this event as its chieftain was one of the most conspicuous leaders in the array of Prithvi Raj. In the poems of Chandar he is called the "Standard, bearer, Tak of Asir."^[7]

In a third school of thought, the Parmar clan is said to have originally been an inseparable part of the Rashtrakutas, which later branched out from the Rashtrakutas (Rathore)and declared themselves to be a distinct Rajput clan.^{[citation needed]}

Whatever the origin, the Parmars established themselves as the rulers of Malwa in central India in the 9th CE century, ruling from their capital at Dhar. In this situation, the Paramars enjoyed great political power and clout in ancient India. The Paramaras ruled until 1305, when Malwa was conquered by Ala ud din Khilji, the Khilji Sultan of Delhi. It was during these medieval times that their political power began to decline. Political power was greatly reduced further still during the consolidation of the British Empire in pre-independence India, with the Royals of this clan cooperating with the British conquerors. After India gained independence from Britain in 1947, the Parmar royalty acceded their political powers to the central Indian government in New Delhi. In lieu of these surrendered powers, the Parmar royals received generous financial grants, called the "Privy Purse", from the central government, which helped them to maintain lifestyle, as well as maintaining the general upkeep of royal palaces, forts and other architectural marvels. This Privy Purse was later abolished by the central government, under the direction of Indira Gandhi.

Early History

They are ancient rulers of Avanti or Ujjain . The family has genealogical chart of 238 generations descended from Raja Agnipalak who ruled more than 4,000 years ago. In 350 BCE, Adut Puar or Pramar was a ruler of this line who eliminated Buddhism in India and established vedic empire. From that period of time they are ruling India up to the Muslim invasions.

Name of Kings of "PARMAR" dynasty

1. ADUT OR ADITYA Parmar 392-386 BCE

2. MAHAMARA 386-383 BCE

3. DEVAPI 383-380 BCE

4. DEVADUTA 380-377 BCE

5. DEFEATED BY SAKAS. LEFT UJJAIN AND HAD GONE TO SRISAILAM. INEFFICIENT AND NAMELESS KINGS.

6. GANDHARVASENA 182-132 BCE WENT TO FOREST AFTER MAKING HIS SON KING.

7. SANKHARAJA SON OF WENT TO FOREST FOR MEDITATION DIED ISSUELESS. 132-102 BCE GANDHARVASENA RETURNED FROM THE FOREST AND TOOK UP THE GOVERNMENT AGAIN 102-82 BCE

8. VIKRAMADITYA (2ND SON OF GANDHARVASENA BORN IN 3001 KALI (101 BCE) 82-19 CE

9. DEVABHAKTA 19-29 CE.

Vikramāditya (valorous as the sun), perhaps the greatest ruler of this house and the founder of an era still in use, began his reign at Ujjain, in Malwa, in 56 BCE. The domains of the ancient Parmars extended beyond the Narbudda river and encompassed all of Central and Western India, the Indus being their boundary in the West. They carried their arms into the Deccan, perhaps the first to extend the Hindu religion, south of the Narbudda. In the following centuries the family endured great vicissitudes of fortune. The descendants of Vikramaditya established themselves as Rajas of Bijolya, in Mewar and Dhar in Malwa.

Medieval history

The Panwars were held to have ruled from nine castles over the Marustali or ‘Region of death’, the name given to the great desert of Rajputana, which extends from Sind to the Aravalli mountains and from the great salt lakes to the skirting of Garah. The principal of these castles were Abu, Nundore, Umarkot, Arore, and Lodorva.

1. Raja Saantal Panwar or Pramar sat on throne of Dhar 911 - 950

   He had three sons -

   • Raja Maggha
   • Raja Munja
   • Sindhal
2. Raja Maggha 950 - 974

   He had two sons -

   • Raja Bhoja
   • Dharamraaj
3. Raja Munja in 974 after death of his elder brother. He made his nephew raja bhoja his successor .
4. Raja Bhoja 1018 - 1060

   He had four sons -

   • Raja Jai Sinh
   • Abhay Chand
   • Bheemsen
   • Udaydutt
5. Raja Jai Singh sat on throne in 1060. He started Bhojane shakha of panwars and his descendants were called as munjane- bhojane .

   He had four sons -

   • Raja Sapta Mukat
   • Saptadeep
   • Narbudha
   • Ratanpaal
6. Raja Sapta Mukat sat in 1105

   He had four sons -

   • Raja Chatura Mukat
   • Sri Chandra Mukat
   • Indra sain
   • Mahendra sain
   • Sandhal
7. Raja Chatura Mukat sat in 1152

   He had three sons -

   • Raja Udaydeep
   • Bhanu Prakash
   • Ratanjot
8. Raja Udaydeep sat in 1198

   He had four sons -

   • Jagdev
   • Raja Randhaul
   • Sinhdhaul
   • Karmat
9. Raja Randhaul sat in 1230

   He had five sons -

   • Jaisal
   • Mahandev
   • Amar sain
   • Kirti
   • Uddhaar
10. Raja Jaisal sat on throne 1260
11. ravi parmar

Muslim attacks were at peak but MahanDev refused to give in to Alauddin Khilji so easily. He gathered 20,000 horsemen and 90,000 infantry to confront Alauddin's army. Harnanda Koka was the general of his army. On the other hand Ain-ul-Mulk Multani was on the head of a 160,000 Muslim army. After a bloody war Harnana Koka was killed by treachery and the Rajput forces retreated. The Muslims were decimated but due to larger numbers were able to prevail. Malwa along with Mandu, Dhara and Chanderi came in the hand of Alauddin Khilji. Ain-ul-Mulk Multani was appointed the governor of Malwa. It was in year 1294 A.D. when he acquired koh-i-noor. Koh-i-Noor from malwa and brought it to Delhi. Later Malwa was conquered by Muslims in beginning of 14th century and panwars made small forts or citadels in Chittor, Khandesh, Mandu etc.for confronting invaders .

Contemporary history

Udaji Rao Puar established himself at Dhar in Malwa in 1728, but in 1732 fell out of favor with the Peshwa and was imprisoned; his younger brother Anand Rao Puar became the Raja of Dhar, and his descendants ruled the state until Indian Independence.

Two Puar brothers, Tukaji Rao (senior) and Jivaji Rao (junior), established themselves as rulers of Dewas in 1728; their descendants divided the state in two, ruled by senior and junior branches of the family descended from the two brothers. The Puar rulers of Chhatarpur took control of the state in 1785, and became a princely state of British India in 1806. The Puar Maharaja acceded to the Government of India on 1 January 1950.

Culture and society

As with any culture spread over a wide geographical area, there are variations in what can be considered traditional Paramara custom. However, members of the Paramara clan typically follow Rajput social traditions and customs.

Professions

Women in Rajasthan and Haryana as a rule were not allowed to step outside the house to work. In Punjab and Maharashtra, Paramara women work shoulder to shoulder in various walks of life, including agriculture. In such a system, women traditionally remain at home to take charge of household duties, while men are typically employed outside the home. Women typically remain within the walls of the home and remain veiled in the presence of elders and strangers.

Men in Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar and Orissa generally enter careers in uniformed services, such as the military, police and paramilitary forces. Those in Gujarat often enter business professions, while those in Rajasthan and Sindh take government and police jobs, though most are agrarian. The Paramara in Haryana are fundamentally an agrarian community. Maharashtrian and Sindhi Paramaras often choose professions in agriculture or government services, with a particular tendency not to venture out of their home state. This may be because Marathi and Sindhi Paramaras (and, to a certain extent, the Punjabi Paramaras) have adopted the language and culture of their adopted regions, unlike the Hindi- or Urdu-speaking Paramaras. The Paramaras of the business professions dominate the contemporary business scene in the western Maharashtra, especially in the Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and Sholapur districts.

Religion

Parmaras are originally Hindu Kshatriya's, and nowadays are generally Hindus, with a Sikh population in the Punjab region. Traditionally, Paramaras pay visit once a year to Dhar, to invoke the blessings of their "Kul Devi", the goddess Kalika, and some visit Ujjain to invoke the blessings of the god Mahakal,one of the rups of Lord Shiva. In Maharashtra Parmar are founds in Mumbai, Nasik, Dhule, Nagpur, Jalgaon, Thane and in some part of south Maharashtra. The 'Kuldevi' of Parmar's in Maharashtra is Chamunda Mata.

Clothing

Paramara men traditionally, especially in rural areas, wear large turbans called "safa", which come in various colours, shades and hues. Women typically wear a full-sized sari. The sari covers the body below the waist, and is then wrapped around the breasts and back with a small portion covering the head. Their faces are covered with a ghunghat, which is made by dropping a portion of the folded sari from their foreheads. They wear a bindi placed firmly between both the eyebrows, and bangles around their wrists. Often, Paramara women pierce their noses as well as both ears, wearing jewellery called "moti" in the nose. Large amounts of other gold jewellery are common, including necklaces and anklets.

Dynasty

Paramara kings of Malwa

• Upendra (c. 800 – c. 818)
• Vairisimha I (c. 818 – c. 843)
• Siyaka I (c. 843 – c. 893)
• Vakpati (c. 893 – c. 918)
• Vairisimha II (c. 918 – c. 948)
• Siyaka II (c. 948 – c. 974)
• Vakpatiraja (c. 974 – c. 995)
• Sindhuraja (c. 995 – c. 1010)
• Bhoj or Bhoja I (c. 1010 – c. 1055), author of Samarangana-sutradhara
• Jayasimha I (c. 1055 – c. 1060)
• Udayaditya (c. 1060 – c. 1087)
• Lakshmanadeva (c. 1087 – c. 1097)
• Naravarman (c. 1097 – c. 1134)
• Yasovarman (c. 1134 – c. 1142)
• Jayavarman I (c. 1142 – c. 1160)
• Vindhyavarman (c. 1160 – c. 1193)
• Subhatavarman (c. 1193 – c. 1210)
• Arjunavarman I (c. 1210 – c. 1218)
• Devapala (c. 1218 – c. 1239)
• Jaitugideva (c. 1239 – c. 1256)
• Jayavarman II (c. 1256 – c. 1269)
• Jayasimha II (c. 1269 – c. 1274)
• Arjunavarman II (c. 1274 – c. 1283)
• Bhoj or Bhoja II (c. 1283 – ?)
• Mahlakadeva (c. ? – c. 1305)
• Sanjeev Singh Parmar (c.1305 - 1327)

Other kings:

• Maharaj Kunwar Singh, the zamindar of Jagdishpur, is also thought to be of the Parmara Rajput clan.
• Upendra also known as Krishnaraja, was one of the founders of the Paramara family. The kingdom of the Paramara was situated to the west of that of the Kalachuris. Dhara, modern Dhar, in Madhya Pradesh, was the capital of the Paramaras.

King Bhoj

King Bhoj, who ruled from about 1010 to 1060, was a great polymath and philosopher king of medieval India. His extensive writings cover philosophy, poetry, medicine, veterinary science, phonetics, yoga and archery. Under his rule, Malwa became an intellectual centre of India. Bhoj also founded the city of Bhopal to secure the eastern part of his kingdom. The Bhoja Airport at Bhopal is named after King Bhoja.

Parmar – the rulers of Muli and Ranpur, Surendranagar

One Branch of Parmar Rajputs is in Muli taluka in Surendranagar in Gujarat. Basically this branch is divided from Tharparkar taluka in Sindh in Pakistan. Whole branch is called as MULI CHOVISHI and RANPUR CHOVISHI. Muli was the capital of the Parmar Rajputs who belong to Tharparkar, NagarParkar, Pillou in the state of Sindh, at present in Pakistan. The city of Muli was built by the Parmar King Lakdhirji, the son of Ratanji Sodha and Jombaima. The Ranpur Chovishi was under King Halaji, the younger brother of King Lakdhirji. Halaji accepted Islam and stayed in Ranpur and his descendant are still living in Ranpur and following Islam. King Halaji is also famous for saving a cow. King Halaji has been proved to be great Martyr. Parmars of Ranpur usually visit Muli to visit temple of Mandavraiji. The Parmars of Muli are famous for the battle fought between Parmar Rajputs of Muli and the Chabhad Rajputs of Sayla for the possession of a wounded partridge. The Parmars were winners, this war having historical importance because only 140 Parmars got victory against 500 chabhads of Sayla town. Munjaji, son of Ratansinhji Sodha and Jombaima and brother of Lakhdhirsinhji was martyr in this battle.

Dalvi-Deshmukh of Nasik, Maharashtra

One branch from the Jaisalmer (Rajasthan), by descent Rajputs of the Paramara clan, adopted many generations back, in 12th century, the family name of Dalvi. Before the Bhati rulers of Jaisalmer, the land was habitated by various rajput clans namely - Buta and Chunna (both extinct), Langaha, Sodha and the Royal Parmar clan of Dalvi as Lodra. The capital of Lodra rajputs - Lodorva, an immense city with twelve gates about 10 miles North-West to Jaisalmer town, was passed to the ruler of Deogarh, Bhatti Deoraja. In 1025 the town was sacked and destroyed by Mehmud of Ghazni. In following decades the loot continued. So the capital was shifted to new location and in 1156 the Jaisalmer was founded by Bhati ruler- Jaisal. ( Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 2.)^[8]

After the invasion and destruction of Lodorva in 1025 th century by Muslims, the fighting forces of Lodras are made to migrate out of Lodorva. To hide their identity as the Lodra -Rajput they took the name as Dalvi. The brave Dalvis then served as military chiefs on the Deogiri (Daulatabad) fort, and in Gujrat areas. Some of them moved southwards, at present they are Hindu Rajput-Marathas, native to Lakhmapur (or old Lakshmipur) and nearby area, ( Ahiwantwadi Fort) near Wani-Dindori, Nasik and have the social honor of being “Deshmukh”. The name Dalvi means the brave king / chief who rules the people and fights wars.

The Dalvis of Lakhmapur as they were mighty warriors, held many important positions as regional war-lords and own private armies. The Dalvi people were important forces in Administration and Military acts of the Peshwas for a long time. (Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 20, p. 101.)^[9]

The uprising and rebellion against the Delhi ruler Badshah Aurangzeb, by the dalvi people ended when a prominent member among the Povar or Dalvi people (M. H. E. Goldsmith's Report on the Peint State (1839) Bom. Gov. Sel. XXVI (New Series), 108.) was captured and sent to Delhi by order of Aurangzeb and sentenced to death, for revolt, but spared life after he embraced Islam, and then given the estate of Peint or Peth, then Part of Baglana. The daughter of the famous Peshwa Bajirao and Mastani, married to one of the member of the Muslim converted dalvi of Peint estate. During the Maratha supremacy, the Dalvi people and the Peint estates were for a long period placed under attachment by the Peshwas of Pune. Then the British managed to pressure and kept the dalvi people under their authority at the time when British took against the Peshwas. In reward for services rendered in 1818, the families were reinstated in their former position by the British government.^[10][11]

Other refer — The Bombay Presidency Peint Laws Act, 1894^[12]

Panwar rulers of Malwa, Western Madhya Pradesh

The royal family of Bakhatgarh (a prominent parmar clan of Malwa, and perhaps the oldest) is presently headed by Thakur Saheb Rajendra Singhji Panwar. The Panwars of Bakhatgarh are from the Mahipawat clan of Paramara Rajputs. They are the descendants of King Bhoja. The Bakhatgarh was founded in 1799 till 1948 when it was merged with the Indian Union. A number of developmental projects were undertaken during the reign of the last ruler Shriman Thakur Saheb Rai Singhji Panwar such as building of hospitals, boys and girls school, Libraries in Bakhatgarh. The palace and other administrative buildings of Bakhatgarh were built during his tenure.

Naik Nimbalkars of Phaltan

The royal family of Phaltan which is located in present-day Maharashtra, also trace their descent from the Paramara dynasty. The Naik Nimbalkar family settled in Maharashtra in the 12th century is probably the oldest surviving dynasty in Maharashtra. The current surname of the members of this family is derived from a village called Nimblak. The Naik Nimbalkar family was very intimately related to Chatrapati Shivaji Bhosale. Saibai, who was the first wife of Chatrapati Shivaji & mother of Sambhaji Raje Bhosale, was a member of the Naik Nimbalkar family. Chatrapati Shivaji's daughter Sakhubai was also married to Mahadji Naik Nimbalkar who was the son of Bajaji Naik Nimbalkar.

Sub-branches of Parmars

Shakhas

• Kharal
• Kathia
• Barad (Danta),
• Mori,
• Sodha,
• Sankhla,
• Kharal
• Khechar,
• Kohil,
• Daddha or Dhuddi
• Maipawat,
• Narma,
• Khair,
• Bhuller,
• Jhaydoo(Matyana),
• Sorgatia,
• Sohlan,
• Sial,
• Pachawara,
• Varah,
• KabaBeedh,
• Badhel,
• Dheek,
• Ujjjainia,
• Kaleja etc.

Puar rulers of Dhar

AREA: 4,662 km² PRIVY PURSE: 290,000Rs ACCESSION: 15 June 1948 STATE: Madhya Pradesh DYNASTY: Puar Maratha RELIGION: Hindu POPULATION: 140,700 (1901) REVENUE: 900,000Rs

PRESENT RULER: VACANT since 1989.

PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1722. Rulers were... Raja UDAJIRAO I PUAR 1722/1742

Raja ANANDRAO I PUAR 1742/1749 died 1749

Raja JASWANTRAO I PUAR 1749/1761 died 1761

Raja KHANDERAO PUAR 1761/1782 died 1782

Raja ANANDRAO II PUAR 1782/1799

Raja RAMCHANDRARAO I PUAR 1800/1808

Raja RAMCHANDRARAO II PUAR 1808/1833, died 17 October 1833 (#2).

Raja JASWANTRAO II PUAR 1833/1857 died 1857

Raja ANANDRAO III PUAR 1857/1898, born 8 April 1844, investiture was on 21 November 1864 (#1), K.C.S.I. [cr.1877], C.I.E. [cr.1883], died 1898.

Lt. Col. HH Maharaja Shri Sir UDAJIRAO II PUAR Bahadur

Puar rulers of Dewas (Senior branch)

• Raja Tukaji Rao I (Panwar)Puar (1728-16 November 1754). Born c. 1696, died 1754.
• Raja Krishnaji Rao I Puar (16 November 1754 - 24 March 1789). Born 1740, died 1789.
• Raja Tukaji Rao II Puar (24 March 1789-28 September 1827). Born 1783, died 1827.
• Raja Rukmangad Tukaji Rao Puar "Khasi Sahib" (28 September 1827 - 26 July 1860). Born 1821, died 1860.
• Raja Krishnaji Rao II Puar "Baba Sahib" (26 July 1860 - 12 October 1899). Born 1849, died 1899.
• Raja (later Maharaja) Tukaji Rao III Puar "Kesho Rao Bapu Sahib" (Raja 4 April 1900-1 January 1918, Maharaja 1 January 1918 - 21 December 1937). Born 1888, died 1937.
• Maharaja Vikramasimha Rao Puar (21 December 1937-23 March 1947) Born 1910, died 1983.
• Maharaja Krishnaji Rao III Puar (23 March 1947-15 August 1947). Born 1932, died 1999.

Puar rulers of Dewas (Junior branch)

• Raja Jivaji Rao Puar (1728-15 August 1774). Died 1774.
• Raja Sadashiv Rao I Puar (15 August 1774-2 December 1790). Died 1790.
• Raja Rukmangad Rao Puar (2 Dec 1790-1817). Died 1817.
• Raja Anand Rao Puar(1817–1840). Died 1840.
• Raja Haibat Rao Puar (1840 - 12 May 1864). Died 1864.
• Raja Narayan Rao Puar "Dada Sahib" (1864-19 January 1892). Born 1860, died 1892.
• Raja (later Maharaja) Malhar Rao Puar "Bhava Sahib" (Raja 19 January 1892-1 January 1918, Maharaja 1 January 1918-4 February 1934). Born 1877, died 1934.
• Maharaja Sadashiv Rao II Puar "Khasi Sahib" (4 February 1934-2 December 1943). Born 1887, died 1943.
• Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Puar "Bhav Sahib" (2 December 1943-15 Aug 1947). Born 1905.

Puar rulers of Chhatarpur

• Raja Kunwar Sone Shah (1785–1816).
• Raja Pratap Singh (1816–1854). Son of Kunwar Sone Shah.
• Raja Jagat Singh (1854–1867). Grandson of Kunwar Sone Shah. Born 1846, died 1867.
• Raja (later Maharaja) Vishwanath Singh (Raja 1867-1895, Maharaja 1895-1932). Son of Jagat Singh. Born 26 August 1866, died 1932.
• Maharaja Bhawani Singh Bahadur (1932–2006; acceded 1950). Son of Vishwanath Singh. Born 1921.^[13]

Puar rulers of Jammu Kashmir

Panwar Rajputs ruled Kishtwar and Mirpur areas in Jammu. They were given status of Zaildars and Lambardars. Panwars in Mirpur and Bhimber were call Sohlan. The famous amongst Panwar Sohlan Rajputs was Raja Sajjawal Khan.

Panwar rulers of Narsinghgarh

The State of Narsinghgarh was carved out of the State of Rajgarh by Paras Ramji, the younger brother of the then Ruler of Rajgarh, Rawat Mohan Singhji in 1681

• Rawat Paras Ramji (1681–95)
• Rawat Dalel Singhji (1695)
• Rawat Moti Singhji (1695–1751)
• Rawat Khuman Singhji (1751–66)
• Rawat Achal Singhji (1766–95)
• Rawat Sobhagh Singhji (1795–1827)
• Raja Hanwant Singhji (1827–73)
• Raja Pratap Singhji (1873–90)
• Raja Mehtab Singhji (1890–95)
• Raja Arjun Singhji (1895–1924)
• Maharaja Vikram Singhji (1924–57)
• Maharaja Bhanu Prakash Singhji (1957)

Panwar rulers of Tehri Garhwal

AREA: 11,655 km² PRIVY PURSE: 300,000R ACCESSION: 1 August 1949 STATE: Uttar Pradesh DYNASTY: Panwar (Shah) RELIGION: Hindu

PRESENT RULER: HH Maharaja MANUJENDRA SHAH Sahib Bahadur, 7th Maharaja of Tehri-Garhwal (2007/-)

PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY: Predecessor state founded in 823AD and lasted till 1804, when the Gurkhas invaded the area, remaining in control until 1815. Raja PRADYUMAN SHAH, the last Raja of Garhwal, was the father of Raja SUDARSHAN SHAH, the first Raja of Tehri-Garhwal.

Panwar rulers of Bombay

AREA: 1,020 km² PRIVY PURSE: 112,000R ACCESSION: 10 June 1948 STATE: Bombay DYNASTY: Parmar RELIGION: Hindu

PRESENT RULER: HH Maharana Shri PARANJAYADITYASINHJI KRISHNAKUMARSINHJI, Raja of Sant (1991/-)

PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1255.

Panwar rulers in Gujarat

AREA: 899 km² PRIVY PURSE: 92,000Rs ACCESSION: 6 November 1948 STATE: Gujarat DYNASTY: Parmar RELIGION: Hindu POPULATION: 18,000 (1892)

PRESENT RULER: HH Maharana Sri MAHIPENDRA SINGH, Maharana of Danta since the 10th of July 1989.

PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY: Rulers were...

Maharana Sri PRITHVISINHJI GAJSINHJI 1687/1743

Maharana Sri KARANSINHJI 1743/-

Maharana Sri RATANSINHJI KARANSINHJI -/-

Maharana Sri ABHAISINHJI KARANSINHJI -/1795

Maharana Sri MANSINHJI ABHAISINHJI 1791/1800

Maharana Sri JAGATSINHJI ABHAISINHJI 1800/1823

Maharana Sri NARSINHJI ABHAISINHJI 1823/1847

Maharana Sri JALAMSINHJI NARSINHJI 1847/1859

Panwar rulers in Himachal Pradesh

• Baghal - AREA: 311 km² PRIVY PURSE: 18,700R ACCESSION:15 April 1948 STATE:Himachal Pradesh DYNASTY:Baghalia(Parmar) RELIGION:Hindu VILLAGES:457 POPULATION:25,720(1901) CAPITAL:Arki

PRESENT RULER: Raja HARVASHVARDHAN SINGH, Raja Saheb of Baghal since 6 June 2010. PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY: Predecessor state founded in 13th century by Raja Ajay Dev, Prime Minister of Malwa, a descendant of Raja Bhoj Dev, Parmar King of Malwa 1010/1053. The Princely state of Baghal was founded about 1643.

• Baghat - AREA:85 km² PRIVY PURSE:80,000Rs ACCESSION:15 April 1948 STATE: Himachal Pradesh DYNASTY: Panwar RELIGION: Hindu POPULATION:9,490(1901) REVENUE:30,000Rs

PRESENT RULER: Raja KESHVINDER SINGH, Raja of Baghat since 27 April 2004.

PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY: Founded in the late 15th/early 16th century. The Ranas claim descent from a Rajput family from Dharanagri in the Deccan, though different authors, state the founder of Baghat was Raja Vijay Dev, a younger brother of Raja Ajai Dev, the founder of Baghal.

• Balsan - AREA:148 km² PRIVY PURSE:11,250R ACCESSION:15 April 1948 STATE:Himachal Pradesh DYNASTY: Parmar RELIGION: Hindu POPULATION: 6,704 (1901)

PRESENT RULER: Rana TRIVIKRAM BHUSHAN SINGH Jandaive, Rana Sahib of Balsan since 17 July 1979

PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY: Balsan (also known as Balson) was founded by Alak Singh, a scion of the Malwa Royal Family.

Other States ruled

1. Pal Kshatriya rulers of uttarakhand claim the same descent

• Panwar warriors migrated to punjab in 1458 and became frontline generals and warriors in sikh confederation. They are descendants of Raja Uddhaar grandson of Raja Udaydeep. Mainly are -
• Bhagwant Singh Panwar (One of the five advisors of Guru Gobind and later general Banda Bahadur's army)
• Baj Singh Panwar (Governor of Sirhind state under Banda Bahadur)
• Kehar Singh Panwar (One of the five advisors of Guru Gobind and later general Banda Bahadur's army)
• Rao Ballu Panwar (Minister of Guru Hargobind Sahib). He headed sikh army in battle with Lahore's goverener in Amritsar and killed him.
• Bhai Mani Singh (Minister of Guru Gobind Singh). He was a saint warrior. While Guru Gobind Singh was leading from Anandpur he was appointed to lead sikh from Amritsar and remained head of sikhs for 30 years after death of Guru Gobind.
• Bachitter Singh Panwar (General of Guru Gobind Singh)
• Ajaib Singh Panwar (General of Guru Gobind Singh)
• Ajab Singh Panwar (Frontline Warrior).
• Martyred in the battle of Chamkaur in 1704.
• Uday Singh Panwar (General of Guru Gobind Singh)
• Anaik Singh Panwar (Frontline Warrior). Martyred in the battle of Chamkaur in 1704.
• Dumrao(Bihar) Estate was also ruled by Parmar Kings.
• Babu Kunwar Singh of JagdishPur(Bihar) Was also Parmar.
• Choungain(Bihar) Estate was also ruled by Parmars.
• Vipin Singh Parmar Owner of Parmar Breweries and Distilleries Private Limited

See also

• Jat
• List of Rajputs
• Maratha clan system
• Pawar
• Ror community
• Solanki
• Valand

References

1. ^ J. N. Singh Yadav (1992). Yadavas through the ages, from ancient period to date. Sharada Pub. House. ISBN 9788185616032. http://books.google.com/books?id=QJNHAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 15 March 2011. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Rose, Horace Arthur; Ibbetson (1990). Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province. Asian Educational Services. pp. 300. ISBN 8120605055. 
3. ^ Mohanty, P.K. (2006). Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes In India. 5. Gyan Publishing House. pp. 186. ISBN 8182050529. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=DfZBc1Gy9g4C&pg=PA186&. "Dr. Dashrath Sharma ascribes the origin of the Solankis, Parmars, the Guhis/Gohils and Chauhans to the Brahmins. However, we know from the works of other scholars that the Solanki and Parmar were actually descendants of the s who came to India from pre-Islamic Persia in large numbers." 
4. ^ Hanks, Patrick (2006). Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195081374. 
5. ^ James Tod, Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, p.126
6. ^ Dr Naval Viyogi: Nagas – The Ancient Rulers of India, Their Origins and History (The History of the Indigenous people of India Vol. 2), Published by Originals (an imprint of Low Price Publications), Delhi, 2002, ISBN 81-7536-287-1, p.171
7. ^ Dr Naval Viyogi: Nagas – The Ancient Rulers of India, Their Origins and History (The History of the Indigenous people of India Vol. 2), Published by Originals (an imprint of Low Price Publications), Delhi, 2002, ISBN 81-7536-287-1, p.148
8. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 2.
9. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 20, p. 101.
10. ^ http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Nasik/sub_division.html#8
11. ^ http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Nasik/sub_division.html#8
12. ^ http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/libweb/acts/1894.02.pdf
13. ^ http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/c/chhatarpur.html