Celiac artery

Artery: Cantelmi[citation needed] artery
The celiac artery and its branches. (Celiac artery visibile at center.)
Surface projections of the major organs of the trunk, showing celiac artery in middle BranchFrom = abdominal aorta
Latin	truncus cœliacus, arteria cœliaca
Gray's	subject #154 603
Branches	left gastric artery common hepatic artery splenic artery
Precursor	vitelline arteries
MeSH	Celiac+Artery

The celiac (or coeliac) artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta anterior to the upper border of L1 vertebra (almost immediately after entering the abdominal cavity through the diaphragm at T12) in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta (the others are the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries).

Region supplied

Stomach blood supply, originating from celiac artery

The celiac artery supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, stomach, abdominal esophagus, spleen and the superior half of both the duodenum and the pancreas. These structures correspond to the embryonic foregut. (Similarly, the superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery feed structures arising from the embryonic midgut and hindgut respectively. Note that these three anterior branches of the abdominal aorta are distinct and cannot substitute for one another, although there are limited connections between their terminal branches.)

The celiac artery is an essential source of blood, since the interconnections with the other major arteries of the gut are not sufficient to sustain adequate perfusion. Thus it cannot be safely ligated in a living person, and obstruction of the celiac artery will lead to necrosis of the structures it supplies.

Branches

There are three main divisions of the celiac artery, and each in turn has its own named branches.

Artery	Branches
left gastric artery	esophageal branch, hepatic branch
common hepatic artery	proper hepatic artery, right gastric artery, gastroduodenal artery
splenic artery	dorsal pancreatic artery, short gastric arteries, left gastro-omental artery, greater pancreatic artery

The celiac artery may also give rise to the inferior phrenic arteries.

Drainage

The celiac artery is the only major artery that nourishes the abdominal digestive organs that does not have a similarly named vein.

Most blood returning from the digestive organs (including from the area of distribution of the celiac artery) is diverted to the liver via the portal venous system for further processing and detoxification in the liver before returning to the systemic circulation via the hepatic veins.

In contrast to the drainage of midgut and hindgut structures by the superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein respectively, venous return from the celiac artery is through either the splenic vein emptying into the hepatic portal vein or via smaller tributaries of the portal venous system.

Notably, the splenic vein carries bilirubin (the waste product of hemoglobin metabolism) to the liver for excretion via the bile duct.

Additional images

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  The celiac artery and its branches. (Lienal artery is an old term for splenic artery. The stomach is raised and inverted - compare with image above.)

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  Abdominal part of digestive tube and its attachment to the primitive or common mesentery. Human embryo of six weeks.

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  The pancreas and duodenum from behind.

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  Posterior abdominal wall, after removal of the peritoneum, showing kidneys, suprarenal capsules, and great vessels.

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  The anterior surfaces of the kidneys, showing the areas of contact of neighboring viscera.

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  Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for arteries and inguinal canal.

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  Arteries and veins around the pancreas and spleen.

External links

• SUNY Figs 38:01-09 - "Branches of the celiac trunk."
• SUNY Figs 40:05-01 - "Parietal and visceral branches of the abdominal aorta."
• celiac+%28arterial%29+trunk at eMedicine Dictionary
• celiactrunk at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
• MedEd at Loyola Radio/curriculum/Vascular/hema144A.jpg