Ralph E. Reed, Jr.

For other people of the same name, see Ralph Reed (disambiguation).

Ralph Reed
Ralph Reed speaking in February 2011.
Born	Ralph Eugene Reed, Jr. June 24, 1961 (1961-06-24) (age 50) Portsmouth, Virginia
Alma mater	University of Georgia, (A.B., 1985) Emory University, {Ph.D in American History, 1989}
Known for	Founding the Christian Coalition
Political party	Republican
Religion	Born again Christian
Spouse	JoAnne Young (m. 1987)
Children	4 (Brittany Anne Reed, 1989; Ralph E. Reed III, 1990; Christopher Ryan Reed, 1992; Nicole Lynn Reed, 1997.)

Ralph Eugene Reed, Jr., (born June 24, 1961) is a conservative American political activist, best known as the first executive director of the Christian Coalition during the early 1990s. He sought the Republican nomination for the office of Lieutenant Governor of Georgia but lost the primary election on July 18, 2006, to State Senator Casey Cagle. Reed started the Faith and Freedom Coalition in June 2009. Reed and his wife JoAnne Young were married in 1987 and have four children.

Education

Born in Portsmouth, Virginia, to Navy ophthalmologist Ralph Reed and mother Marcy Read, young Ralph moved often as a child, but spent the majority of his childhood in Miami, Florida. He moved with his family to Toccoa, Georgia in 1976, graduating from Stephens County High School in 1979. He attended the University of Georgia where he earned an A.B. in history in 1985. After failing to properly cite an article in his role as editor of the college newspaper, Reed was discharged from his duties for plagiarism.^[1] Reed was a member of the Demosthenian Literary Society, the Jasper Dorsey Intercollegiate Debate Society, and College Republicans. He was also a columnist for The Red & Black student newspaper. He is also an alumnus of the Leadership Institute in Arlington, Virginia,^[2][3] an organization that teaches conservative Americans how to influence public policy through activism and leadership.^[4] Reed also attended Emory University where he was awarded a Ph.D in American History in 1989.

Early days as political activist

Reed spent much of his college career as a political activist, taking six years to earn his undergraduate degree. He started with the University of Georgia College Republicans, steadily rising to state and then national leadership. He was later profiled in Gang of Five by Nina Easton, along with Grover Norquist and other young activists who got their start in that era.^[5]

The triumvirate

In 1981, Reed moved to Washington, D.C., to intern at the College Republican National Committee (CRNC). At the CRNC, Jack Abramoff, Norquist and Reed formed what was known as the "Abramoff-Norquist-Reed triumvirate." Abramoff promoted Reed in 1983, appointing him to succeed Norquist as Executive Director of the CRNC. Norquist would later serve as President of Americans for Tax Reform, an anti-tax nonprofit lobbying firm in Washington, D.C.

Religious experience

Reed has said that, in September 1983, he had a religious experience while at Bullfeathers, an upscale pub in Capitol Hill that was popular with staffers (and, to a lesser extent, members) of the House of Representatives. Regarding the experience, Reed said "the Holy Spirit simply demanded me to come to Jesus". He walked outside the pub to a phone booth, thumbed through the yellow pages under "Churches," and found the Evangel Assembly of God Church in Camp Springs, Maryland.^[6] He visited the next morning and became a born-again Christian.^[7]

Students for America

After receiving his A.B. he moved to Raleigh, North Carolina to help start and lead Students for America (SFA), a conservative activist group supported by U.S. Senator Jesse Helms. SFA became largely dominated by members of Maranatha Campus Ministries, and this brought Reed into contact with Ed Buckham and Jim Backlin, the current Legislative Director of the Christian Coalition. Reed's links to Tom DeLay were forged through his association with Buckham and Backlin.

SFA established chapters on college campuses up and down the East Coast and held conferences. Among other issues, SFA supported Helms' bid for re-election and organized abortion clinic protests. Reed was temporarily arrested during an abortion protest at the Fleming Center Abortion Clinic in Raleigh but was not charged with any crime. After Reed left SFA for a bigger job at the Christian Coalition, SFA faded out of existence by the early 1990s.

Role in the Christian Coalition

Reed was then hired by religious broadcaster and unsuccessful Presidential candidate Pat Robertson as the first executive director of the Christian Coalition, headquartered in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Even though the Christian Coalition resulted from Robertson's campaign for President, Reed had played no role in Americans for Robertson.

Reed led the organization from 1989 to 1997, achieving national prominence which included an appearance on the cover of Time magazine. He resigned and moved to Georgia after federal prosecutors began investigating allegations by the Christian Coalition's chief financial officer, Judy Liebert. At this point, the group's finances were collapsing, and the Internal Revenue Service and Federal Election Commission were investigating it.

Building on the remnants of Robertson's Presidential campaign, the Coalition organized former Robertson supporters and other conservative people of faith to oppose political liberalism. Eschewing the confrontational tactics of street protest learned as a College Republican, Reed projected a "softer" public face for Christian conservatism. Reed apparently described himself as a "guerrilla fighter" who "traveled at night" and put "enemies" in "body bags" before they even realized he had struck.^[8]

Both Reed and the Christian Coalition rose to national prominence in the early 1990s, protesting against the Clinton administration's policies. Reed and the Coalition were widely credited with helping mobilize Christian conservatives in support of Republican candidates in the 1994 Congressional elections.^{[citation needed]}

At the pinnacle of his power, Reed appeared on the cover of Time on May 15, 1995, under the title "The Right Hand of God: Ralph Reed of the Christian Coalition."

In 1996, the Federal Election Commission (FEC) brought an enforcement ^[9] alleging that the Christian Coalition "violated federal campaign finance laws during congressional elections in 1990, 1992 and 1994, and the presidential election in 1992." Reed called the action "baseless."

Judy Liebert allegations

In 1996, the Christian Coalition's chief financial officer, Judy Liebert, "went to federal prosecutors with her suspicions of overbilling by Ben Hart, a direct-mail vendor with close ties to Reed, then the coalition's executive director." (Norfolk Virginian Pilot, September 26, 1997) Reed himself resigned in April 1997 while the investigation was pending. He was never charged with any crimes. In December 1997, after Reed's resignation, the Christian Coalition sued Hart's firm, Hart Conover, for using its mailing list to entice donors away to other organizations, which was later settled out of court with Hart Conover making an undisclosed payment to the Christian Coalition. Leibert was later fired for going outside the Christian Coalition board in dealing with the allegations against Hart.

Employment in Georgia

On resigning as executive director of the Christian Coalition, Reed moved to the Atlanta, Georgia suburb of Duluth to begin a career as a political consultant and lobbyist.

Skandalakis campaign leader

In late 1997, Reed joined the campaign of Fulton County Commission Chairman Mitch Skandalakis for Lieutenant Governor of Georgia, becoming its General Consultant. In addition to planning campaign strategy, Reed himself appeared in advertisements, identifying himself as the former head of the Christian Coalition and vouching for Skandalakis' conservative credentials and personal integrity.

In the primary, Skandalakis placed first among the five Republican candidates, but did not receive a majority of the vote and was forced into a run-off with second place finisher Day. Reed planned a series of advertisements which included charges that Day had "desecrated Indian graves" on a plot of land owned by a Day family foundation. The Skandqalakis campaign held a conference at which tribal leaders, wearing headdress and other ceremonial clothing, attacked Day as a "vandal" and "grave robber."

Reed's strategy initially met with success, as Skandalakis narrowly defeated Day in the Republican primary run-off. However, Skandalakis went on to lose the general election.

Century Strategies founder

While running the Skandalakis campaign in 1997, Reed founded Century Strategies, a political consulting firm which describes itself as "one of the nation’s leading public affairs and public relations firms." While initially engaged primarily in campaign consulting for Republican candidates its mission evolved into advocacy and lobbying.

Reed helped Alabama Governor Fob James win renomination in a bitterly contested Republican primary, only to become the first Republican in over a decade to lose the Alabama governor's election. Immediately after the 1998 election, Reed shifted gears to corporate work. In 1999, Abramoff helped Reed get hired^[10] as a consultant subcontractor for Preston Gates & Ellis.

Reed is credited with attacks on Senator John McCain in the 2000 South Carolina presidential primary, together with Roberta Combs, then head of the South Carolina Christian Coalition, who later took over the national Christian Coalition. Bush's defeat of McCain in that primary came at a key moment and ended McCain's early momentum from an upset victory in the New Hampshire primary.

Reed's $20,000 per month contract with Microsoft^[11] proved a minor embarrassment to the Bush campaign in the summer of 2000 when it was revealed that the software giant, which was being prosecuted for antitrust violations, had hired a number of Bush aides as consultants and lobbyists. Reed apologized for the "appearance of conflict" but continued to accept the money until early 2005, when Microsoft terminated Reed in the midst of the Indian gaming scandal.

Some conservatives have criticized Reed's choice of clients and suggested that he has inappropriately profited from his credentials as a conservative Christian leader. A conservative Alabama group called Obligation, Inc.^{[dead link]} is a fierce critic of Reed's client Channel One News, arguing that the company pumps classrooms full of "commercials for junk food and sleazy movies."

In 1999, Reed's firm "sent out a mailer to Alabama conservative Christians asking them to call then-Rep. Bob Riley (R-Ala.) and tell him to vote against legislation that would have made the U.S. commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands subject to federal wage and worker safety laws." Abramoff represented the commonwealth as a partner of Greenberg Traurig and received $4.04 million from 1998 to 2002. Greenberg Traurig, in turn, hired Reed's firm to print the mailing.

Georgia Republican Party chairman

In 2001, Reed mounted a campaign for State Chairman of the Georgia Republican Party, a volunteer job. His candidacy attracted national media attention, and challenges from three opponents.

Reed's principal opponent was David Shafer, a former executive director of the Georgia Republican Party recruited to the race by Congressman John Linder. Shafer campaigned on Republican gains made when he served as state executive director in the early 1990s, but was hampered by his subsequent association with the failed campaigns of Mack Mattingly, Guy Millner and Clint Day in the later half of the decade.

The state convention, held at the Cobb Galleria in May 2001, was the most heavily attended and longest running in the history of the party. Reed won on the first ballot, capturing almost 60 percent of the delegate vote against Shafer, who won 40 percent, and a third candidate, lobbyist Maria Rose Strollo, who won one percent.

Reed was endorsed by the "Confederate Republican Caucus," a block of almost 500 "heritage" activists who had participated in the state convention as a protest against the removal of the Confederate battle emblem from the State Flag. The organization would later claim that they were "double-crossed" by Reed.^[12]

Documents released by federal investigators in June 2005 show that Reed's 2001 campaign for State Chairman was partially financed with contributions from the Choctaws, an Indian gaming tribe represented by Abramoff.

The party experienced success in the 2002 elections under Reed's leadership. Saxby Chambliss was elected as U.S. Senator, and Sonny Perdue was elected as Governor. Reed, however, was asked to relinquish his job as State Chairman by Perdue, whose long-shot candidacy was largely ignored by Reed in favor of Chambliss.

Reed supported the candidacy of Congressman Bob Barr, who had moved into the neighboring district of Congressman John Linder and challenged his renomination. Linder decisively defeated Barr.

Campaign for Lieutenant Governor

See also: Georgia statewide elections, 2006

Speculation about a Reed candidacy for Lieutenant Governor began building shortly after the 2004 general election. Republican party leaders were unenthusiastic about the candidacy of Insurance Commissioner John Oxendine, who had been "exploring" a race for Lieutenant Governor for over a year. Aides to Governor Sonny Perdue tried to recruit House Republican Leader Jerry Keen as a candidate for Lieutenant Governor, while State Senators Casey Cagle and Bill Stephens jockeyed for support among Senate Republicans.

Reed claimed support of the White House, access to the Bush fundraising apparatus and command of a large grass roots organization. His official declaration of candidacy on February 17, 2005 largely cleared the field of opposition; Keen, Stephens and Oxendine all left the race. Keen, a former state chairman of the Christian Coalition, was the first to drop, followed quickly by Stephens. Although insisting at the time of Reed's entry into the race that he would "never" withdraw, Oxendine ended his candidacy two weeks later. Only Cagle, a relatively unknown lawmaker, remained in the race to challenge Reed.

A poll conducted for Oxendine was the first indication of trouble for Reed.^[13] Released shortly before Oxendine's exit from the race, the poll showed Oxendine defeating Reed among likely Republican voters by a large margin. It also showed Reed losing the general election to the only announced Democratic candidate for Lieutenant Governor, former State Senator Greg Hecht. Little attention was paid to the poll because Oxendine folded his own candidacy shortly after it was released. Reed himself dismissed the poll as a face-saving gesture by an embarrassed Oxendine.

Reed's campaign experienced a loss of momentum with revelations about his role in the Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal. Email documents released in the investigation revealed details about Reed's financial relationships with Abramoff.^[14]

Reed's early lead in fund-raising evaporated by December 31, 2005, when disclosure reports showed Cagle raising almost twice as much money as Reed in the last six months of the year.

Defections and calls for withdrawal

Bob Irvin, a former U.S. House of Representatives Republican leader, was the first prominent Republican to publicly call on Reed to withdraw from the race.^{[15][dead link][16]} 21 state senators signed a letter in February 2006 calling on Reed to withdraw from the race, "declaring that his ties to Washington lobbyist Jack Abramoff could jeopardize the re-election of Gov. Sonny Perdue and the rest of the GOP ticket.... Reed rejected the petition as a useless stunt, and expressed confidence that his record and ideas would prevail." ^[17]

Aides to Speaker of the House Glenn Richardson, ostensibly neutral in the race, released a poll that showed Reed's mounting negatives could hurt Perdue and the Republican ticket. On March 21, 2006, political consultant Matt Towery of Insider Advantage released a poll showing Reed represented an eight point drag on the Perdue ticket.^[18]

Insurance Commissioner John Oxendine, whose own ambitions had been upended by Reed's candidacy, endorsed Cagle in June 2006, saying that Reed's nomination threatened the success of the Republican ticket.

Two dozen members of the Reed steering committee, including a Reed State Co-Chairman, resigned their affiliation with the Reed campaign and endorsed Cagle, but Reed continued his pursuit of the nomination.

New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani traveled to Georgia to campaign for Reed. A Democrat, conservative former United States Senator Zell Miller, also endorsed Reed.

Election results

On July 18, 2006, Reed was decisively defeated in the Republican primary, losing the nomination to State Senator Casey Cagle. Final returns show Reed losing by twelve percentage points, collecting 44 percent of the vote to Cagle's 56 percent. According to Politics1.com, Reed indicated he would not likely seek elective office ever again.^[19]

Indian gambling scandals

Reed was named in the scandal arising from lobbying work performed by Jack Abramoff on behalf of Indian gambling tribes. E-mails released by federal investigators in June 2005 revealed that Reed secretly accepted payments from Abramoff to lobby against Indian casino gambling and oppose an Alabama education lottery.^[14] Additional e-mails released in November 2005 show that Reed also worked for another Abramoff client seeking to block a congressional ban on Internet gambling. These cases are being investigated by multiple federal and state grand juries and by the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. Abramoff pled guilty to three felony counts in federal court, raising the prospects of Abramoff testifying against others.

Those e-mails and other evidence revealed the participation of the Christian Coalition in the alleged fraud, particularly the Alabama chapter of the Christian Coalition, which received large amounts of donations from the casino money. It is alleged that Abramoff engaged Reed to set up an anti-gambling campaign to include the U.S. Family Network, the Christian Coalition, and Focus on the Family in order to frighten the tribes into spending as much as $82 million for Abramoff to lobby on their behalf. To represent him in connection with the scandal, Reed retained defense attorney W. Neil Eggleston of Debevoise & Plimpton LLP. Eggleston served as White House associate counsel during the administration of President Bill Clinton.

In December 2005, three Texas public interest groups filed a complaint with Travis County Attorney David Escamilla on December 1, 2005, alleging that Reed failed to register as a lobbyist in 2001 or 2002 when he was working for Abramoff.^[20] Escamilla said on March 27, 2006 "his office had concluded its investigation -- but that a two-year statute of limitations on misdemeanors from 2001 and 2002 had expired." ^[21]

On June 22, 2006 the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs released its final report ^[22] on the scandal.

The report states that under the guidance of the Mississippi Choctaw tribe's planner, Nell Rogers, the tribe agreed to launder money because "Ralph Reed did not want to be paid directly by a tribe with gaming interests." It also states that Reed used non-profits, like Grover Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform, as pass-throughs to disguise the origin of the funds, and that "the structure was recommended by Jack Abramoff to accommodate Mr. Reed’s political concerns."

Books

Reed has written five books; three non-fiction and two fictional political thrillers. His sixth book, Ballots and Blood, another political thriller, is set for release in October 2011.

• After the Revolution (1996, ISBN 978-0849938597)
• Politically Incorrect: The Emerging Faith Factor in American Politics (1996, ISBN 978-9071676345)
• Active Faith: How Christians Are Changing the Face of American Politics (1996, ISBN 978-0684003047)
• Dark Horse: A Political Thriller (2010, ISBN 1439182418)
• The Confirmation (2010, ISBN 1439182418)

Positions held

• Executive Director, College Republican National Committee (CRNC) 1983–1985 (appointed by Jack Abramoff, then Chairman of the CRNC).
• Executive Director, Christian Coalition, 1989–1997.
• President, Century Strategies, 1997–Present.
• Chairman, Georgia Republican Party, 2001–2003.
• Chairman of the Southeast Region for Bush-Cheney, 2004.
• Member, Board of Visitors, University of Georgia School of Public and International Affairs.
• Member, Executive Board, Northeast Georgia Council of the Boy Scouts of America.
• Member, Advisory Council of SafeHouse.
• Member, Leadership Trust, National Federation of Independent Business.
• Member, Board of Directors, American Council of Young Political Leaders.

References

1. ^ Barrett, Laurence I. (September 13, 1993). "Fighting For God and the Right Wing: RALPH REED". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979189-4,00.html. 
2. ^ Horwitz, Jeff (2005-05-25). "My Right-Wing Degree: How I learned to convert liberal campuses into conservative havens at Morton Blackwell's Leadership Institute, alma mater of Karl Rove, Ralph Reed, Jeff Gannon and two Miss Americas". Salon.com. 
3. ^ Jerome Armstrong (2006). Crashing the Gate: Netroots, Grassroots, and the Rise of People-Powered Politics. Chelsea Green Publishing. http://books.google.com/books?id=ug1wi5zfNzwC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119. 
4. ^ "The LI Difference". The Leadership Institute. http://www.leadershipinstitute.org/aboutus/Difference.cfm. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
5. ^ Nina J. Easton (2000). Gang of Five: Leaders at the Center of the Conservative Crusade. ISBN 0-7432-0320-8. 
6. ^ "Evangel Assembly of God". LocalSearch.com. http://www.localsearch.com/detail/Evangel-Assembly-of-God-0064871004.html. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
7. ^ Laurence I. Barrett (2001-06-24). "Fighting For God and the Right Wing". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,162317,00.html?iid=chix-sphere. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
8. ^ "Quotes On and From Ralph Reed". Public Campaign Action Fund. CampaignMoney.org. 2005. http://www.campaignmoney.org/reed/quotes. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
9. ^ "Federal Election Commission v. The Christian Coalition". Judgment. 1999-08-02. http://lw.bna.com/lw/19990817/961781.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
10. ^ [1]^{[dead link]}
11. ^ Charles Pope (2005-04-27). "Microsoft defends ties to Ralph Reed Critics want conservative consultant fired". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. http://www.seattlepi.com/business/221811_msftreed27.html. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
12. ^ Steve Scroggins (2005-04-27). "Ralph "Roll-them-Dice" Reed gets his just desserts for being a lying hypocrite---and there's more coming...". http://georgiaheritagecouncil.org/site2/news/crawford-ralph-reed-republicans.phtml. 
13. ^ "Haven't we seen that hat before? Now it's in the ring for sure". Atlanta Metro News. Atlanta Journal Constitution. 2005-02-17. http://www.ajc.com/search/content/metro/insider/0205/021805.html. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
14. ^ ^{a b} "Exhibits to the 2005-06-22 Hearing of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs". Archived from the original on 2007-08-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20070829172849/http://indian.senate.gov/exhibitspart1.pdf. Retrieved 2007-09-02. 
15. ^ http://www.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/050619/run.shtml
16. ^ Bob Moser (2006-04-04). "Campaign Turns Into Reed's Nightmare". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/04/04/opinion/main1468808.shtml. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
17. ^ [2]^{[dead link]}
18. ^ [3]^{[dead link]}
19. ^ "American Politics, Elections, Candidates & Campaigns". Politics1. http://www.politics1.com/blog-0706a.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
20. ^ [4]^{[dead link]}
21. ^ [5]^{[dead link]}
22. ^ Committee on Indian Affairs (2006-06-22). "Final Report before the Committee on Indian Affairs - Oversight and Investigation -Indian Lobbying Report" (PDF). http://www.indian.senate.gov/public/_files/Report.pdf. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 

External links

• Profile at Century Strategies
• Profile at Faith and Freedom Coalition
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Ralph E. Reed, Jr. on Charlie Rose
• Ralph E. Reed, Jr. at the Internet Movie Database
• Works by or about Ralph E. Reed, Jr. in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Ralph E. Reed, Jr. collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, Investigative Exhibits
• Ralph E. Reed at Sourcewatch, with articles and commentary

Articles

• Thomas B. Edsall (2006-01-16). "In Ga., Abramoff Scandal Threatens a Political Ascendancy". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/15/AR2006011500915.html. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
• Matthew Continetti (2005-06-27). "A Decade of Reed: One Republican's long, lucrative march through the institutions". The Weekly Standard. http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/005/732ujayv.asp. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
• David D. Kirkpatrick and Philip Shenon (April 18, 2005). "Ralph Reed's Zeal for Lobbying Is Shaking His Political Faithful". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/18/politics/18reed.html. Retrieved 2010-10-07. 
• The Washington Times: "Reed said to see Georgia as path to the White House" by Ralph Z. Hallow, January 18, 2005
• The Atlanta Journal Constitution: "Reed an albatross for GOP" by Bob Irvin, June 15, 2005
• The Atlanta Journal Constitution: "20% of Reed's funds raised out of state" by James Salzer
• The Atlanta Journal Constitution: "Reed e-mails upset anti-gambling allies" by Jim Galloway
• The Atlanta Journal Constitution: "Reed lacks a conscience and the truth" by Jay Bookman
• The Atlanta Journal Constitution: "Reed's fees all paid by casino" by Jim Galloway and Alan Judd, November 3, 2005.
• Texas Observer: "Thin Reed: Will Abramoff's Deep Throat Swallow God's Mouthpiece?"^{[dead link]}
• Cox News Service "Supporters ask, is Reed worth the gamble?" by Jim Galloway, January 13, 2006
• The National Journal: "Reed in the Rough" by Peter H. Stone, July 7, 2006
• "The Devil Inside" The Nation, March 30, 2006
• Creative Loafing Atlanta's The Book of Ralph, a graphic political adventure
• Bookman, Jay. "Commentary - The lies of lobbygate" Rutland Herald, April 4, 2006.
• Garrison Keillor on the Reed scandal
• Interview on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, June 10, 2008

Persondata
Name	Reed, Ralph E. Jr.
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1961-06-24
Place of birth	Portsmouth, Virginia
Date of death
Place of death