DeWitt County, Texas

DeWitt County, Texas
The DeWitt County Courthouse located in Cuero. The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1971.
Location in the state of Texas
Texas's location in the U.S.
Founded	1846
Named for	Green DeWitt
Seat	Cuero
Largest city	Cuero
Area  - Total  - Land  - Water	910 sq mi (2,358 km²) 909 sq mi (2,355 km²) 1 sq mi (3 km²), 0.14%
PopulationEst.  - (2009)  - Density	19,713 21.7/sq mi (8.4/km²)
Time zone	Central: UTC-6/-5
Website	www.co.dewitt.tx.us

DeWitt County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 20,013. DeWitt County is named for Green DeWitt, who founded an early colony in Texas. The seat of the county is Cuero. It was founded in 1846.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 910 square miles (2,356.9 km²), of which 909 square miles (2,354.3 km²) is land and 1 square mile (2.6 km²) (0.14%) is water.

Major highways

• U.S. Highway 87
• U.S. Highway 77 Alternate/U.S. Highway 183
• State Highway 72
• State Highway 119

Adjacent counties

• Lavaca County (northeast)
• Victoria County (southeast)
• Goliad County (south)
• Karnes County (southwest)
• Gonzales County (northwest)

Demographics

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 20,013 people, 7,207 households, and 5,131 families residing in the county. The population density was 22 people per square mile (8/km²). There were 8,756 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile (4/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 76.42% White, 11.04% Black or African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 10.01% from other races, and 1.75% from two or more races. 27.24% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 28.0% were of German and 6.1% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 77.2% spoke English, 20.5% Spanish and 1.6% German as their first language.

There were 7,207 households out of which 31.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.10% were married couples living together, 11.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, the population was spread out with 23.80% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 27.10% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 18.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 105.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,714, and the median income for a family was $33,513. Males had a median income of $27,134 versus $18,370 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,780. About 15.30% of families and 19.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.50% of those under age 18 and 16.50% of those age 65 or over.

History

Native Americans

Archeological digs^[2][3] indicate early habitation from the Paleo-Indians Hunter-gatherers period. Later, Tonkawa, Aranamas, Tamiques, Karankawa. Tawakoni, Lipan Apache and Comanche lived and hunted in the county.

Explorers

The first European visitors to the county are thought to have been^[4] Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Alonso del Castillo Maldonado, Andrés Dorantes de Carranza, and his slave Estevanico of the ill-fated 1528 Narváez expedition. French explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle^[5][6] is believed to have crossed the county on his way westward from Victoria County; and while La Bahia^[7] was a common route, no evidence of any settlements exist before the Anglo homesteaders.

County established and growth

In 1825, empresario Green DeWitt^[8] received a grant from the Coahuila y Tejas legislature to settle 400 families.^[9][10] Between 1826 and 1831^[11] settlers arrived from Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, and other Southern states.

A temporary county government was set up in 1846, with the county seat being Daniel Boone Friar's store at the junction of the La Bahía Road and the Gonzales-Victoria road.^[12] On November 28, 1850, Clinton became the county seat until Cuero became county seat in 1876.

Dewitt County voted in favor of secession from the Union, and sent several military units^[13] to serve. During Reconstruction, the county was occupied by the Fourth Corps, based at Victoria.

From April 1866 until December 1868 a subassistant commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau^[14][15] served at Clinton. The community of Hopkinsville was established in 1872 by Henry Hopkins,^[16] freedman former slave of Judge Henry Clay Pleasants,^[17] the judge credited for ending the Sutton-Taylor Feud. Residents began a school that was active until 1956, and established the Antioch Baptist Church.

The notorious Sutton-Taylor feud^[18][19] began as a Reconstruction era county law enforcement issue between the Taylor family and lawman William E. Sutton. It eventually involved both the Taylor and Sutton families, the Texas State Police, the Texas Rangers and John Wesley Hardin. The feud, which lasted a decade and cost 35 lives, has been called the longest and bloodiest in Texas history.

April 1, 1866 marked the first cattle drive on the Chisholm Trail,^[20] which originated at Cardwell's Flat, near the present Cuero. The coming of the railroads eliminated the need for the Chisholm Trail. Dewitt's first rail line, the Gulf, Western Texas and Pacific,^[21] extended to San Antonio. The San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway,^[22] was the second line in the county. In 1907 the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway^[23] came through Dewitt. In 1925, the three lines came under the control of the Southern Pacific lines and operated as the Texas and New Orleans Railroad.^[24] Passenger service continued until November 1950.

The United States Army Air Corps opened Cuero Field,^[25] serving 290 cadets, at Cuero Municipal Airport as a pilot flight school in 1941. The school was deactivated in 1944.

Cuero and its large turkey growing industry bills itself as the "Turkey Capital of the World". The turkey industry in Cuero began large scale operations in 1908. Much like ranchers had cattle drives, Cuero poultry growers drove their turkeys down Main Street to the local packing plant.^[26] Each year the crowds grew to watch the sight and sound of upwards of 20,000 turkeys going through town.^[27] The first annual Cuero Turkey Trot^[28] celebration began in 1912, complete with the "Turkey Trot" dance music of the era. By the 1970s,^[29] the event had become a 3-day typical Texas celebration with parades, live entertainment, food booths and street dances.

Cities and towns

• Cuero
• Hochheim (unincorporated)
• Meyersville (unincorporated)
• Nordheim
• Pearl City (unincorporated)
• Westhoff
• Yoakum
• Yorktown

Notable residents

• James Dahlman, eight-term Omaha mayor from 1906 to 1930, was born in DeWitt County.
• Harlon Block, one of the soldiers pictured in Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, was born in Yorktown.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in DeWitt County, Texas

References

1. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
2. ^ "Native Peoples of the South Texas Plains During Early Historic Times". Texas Beyond History. http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/st-plains/peoples/index.html. Retrieved 10 May 2010.  UT Texas at Austin
3. ^ "Artistic Expression". Texas Beyond History. http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/coast/artistic/index.html. Retrieved 10 May 2010.  UT Texas at Austin
4. ^ Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Núnez (2002). Chronicle of the Narvaez Expedition. Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0142437070. 
5. ^ Weddle, Robert S: René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
6. ^ Joutel, Henri (1998). The La Salle Expedition to Texas: The Journal of Henri Joutel, 1684-1687. Texas State Historical Assn. ISBN 978-0876111659. 
7. ^ La Bahía from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
8. ^ Lukes, Edward D: DeWitt, Green from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
9. ^ "El Nacimiento de la Colonia DeWitt 1825-1828". Texas A&M University. http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/birthcon.htm. Retrieved 10 May 2010.  Texas A&M University
10. ^ "Empresario Contracts in the Colonization of Texas 1825-1834". Texas A & M UNiversity. http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/empresarios.htm. Retrieved 10 May 2010.  Wallace L. McKeehan,
11. ^ Roell, Craig H: DeWitt's Colony from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
12. ^ Dewitt County, Historical Commission (1991). The History of Dewitt County, Texas. Curtis Media. ISBN 978-0881071757. 
13. ^ "Texas Frontier Regiment of Mounted Volunteers". Texas State Archives. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~txdewitt/Muster.htm. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Archives
14. ^ Miller, Randall; Cimbala, Paul (1999). The Freedmen's Bureau and Reconstruction. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0823219353. 
15. ^ Harper Jr., Cecil: Freedman's Bureau from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
16. ^ "Hopkinsville Community". Texas Historical Markers. http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5123002560. Retrieved 10 May 2010. 
17. ^ Roell, Craig H: Henry Clay Pleasants from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
18. ^ Weiser, Kathy. "The Sutton-Taylor Feud of DeWitt County". Legends of America. http://www.legendsofamerica.com/tx-suttontaylor.html. Retrieved 10 May 2010.  Legends of America
19. ^ Parsons, Chuck (2009). The Sutton-Taylor Feud: The Deadliest Blood Feud in Texas. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 978-1574412574. 
20. ^ "The Beginning of the Chisholm Trail". Chisholm Trail Heritage Center. http://www.onthechisholmtrail.com/trail-info/. Retrieved 10 May 2010.  Chisholm Trail Heritage Center
21. ^ Roell, Craig H: Gulf, Western Texas and Pacific Railway from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
22. ^ "San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway". http://saap.tnorr.com/. Retrieved 10 May 2010. 
23. ^ Werner, George C: Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
24. ^ Williams, Howard C: Texas and New Orleans Railroad from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
25. ^ Roell, Craig H: Cuero Field from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
26. ^ "Turkeyfest". Cuero Turkeyfest Association, Inc.. http://www.turkeyfest.org/history.shtml. Retrieved 10 May 2010. ^{[dead link]} Cuero Turkeyfest Association, Inc.
27. ^ "Turkey Trot Parade". Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC.. http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasAnimals/Cuero-Texas-Turkey-Trot.htm. Retrieved 10 May 2010.  Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC.
28. ^ Kleiner, Diana J: Turkey Trot at Cuero, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 10 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
29. ^ Kuralt, Charles (1995). On the Road with Charles Kuralt. Fawcett. p. 347. ISBN 978-0449007402. 

External links

• DeWitt County government's website
• DeWitt County in Handbook of Texas Online at the University of Texas

Coordinates: 29°05′N 97°22′W / 29.08°N 97.36°W / 29.08; -97.36