Panaeolus cyanescens

Panaeolus cyanescens
Cultivated Panaeolus cyanescens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Phylum:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Hymenomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Bolbitiaceae
Genus:	Panaeolus
Species:	P. cyanescens
Binomial name
Panaeolus cyanescens (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
Countries with records of Panaeolus cyanescens
Synonyms
Agaricus cyanescens Copelandia anomala Copelandia cyanescens Copelandia papilonacea Copelandia westii

Panaeolus cyanescens
Mycological characteristics
	gills on hymenium
	cap is convex
	hymenium is adnate
	stipe is bare
	spore print is black
	ecology is saprotrophic
	edibility: psychoactive

Panaeolus cyanescens, also known as Copelandia cyanescens, is a mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family. Panaeolus cyanescens contains psilocin, psilocybin and is similar to Panaeolus tropicalis.

Description

• Cap: 1.5 – 4 cm across, dry, at first hemispheric, expanding to campanulate to convex, with an incurved margin when young. Young caps start out light brown and fade to off-white or light gray at maturity, sometimes with yellowish or brownish tones. Often developing cracks in dry weather, slightly hygrophanous, turning greenish or blue where damaged.
• Gills: Broadly adnate to adnexed attachment, close, starting out gray and turning black as the spores mature. Gill faces with a mottled appearance, edges white.
• Spores: Jet Black, 12 - 15 x 7 - 11 µm, smooth, opaque, elliptical. With a germ pore.
• Stipe: 7 – 12 cm long by 2 to 3 mm thick, equal to slightly enlarged at the base, pruinose, colored like the cap, staining blue where bruised.
• Taste: Farinaceous.
• Odor: Farinaceous.
• Microscopic features: Basidia 4 spored, pleurocystidia fusoid-ventricose, cheilocystidia 12 x 4 µm.

Habitat and Distribution

Panaeolus cyanescens is a coprophiliac (dung-inhabiting) species which grows in tropical and neotropical areas in both hemispheres. It has been found^[1] in Africa (including Madagascar and Zaire), Australia, Bali, Belize, Borneo, the Caribbean (Bermuda, Grenada, India, Indonesia (including Sumatra) Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad), Costa Rica, Europe (including Austria, France, Great Britain, Spain, Switzerland), Japan, New Zealand, Mexico, Oceania (including Fiji and Samoa), Philippines, South America (including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela), Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Tasmania, Thailand, and the United States (California, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Texas).

Gallery

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See also

Fungi portal

• List of Panaeolus species

References

1. ^ A Worldwide Geographic Distribution of the Neurotropic Fungi

• Stamets, Paul (1996). Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-9610798-0-0. 

External links

• A Worldwide Geographical Distribution of the Neurotropic Fungi
• Panaeolus cyanescens cultivation
• Psilocin, psilocybin, serotonin and urea in Panaeolus cyanescens from various origins
• Panaeolus cyanescens on Google Images (images.google.com)