Panaeolina castaneifolia

Taxobox
name = "Panaeolina castaneifolia"


regnum = Fungi
phylum = Basidiomycota
classis = Hymenomycetes
ordo = Agaricales
familia = Bolbitiaceae
genus = "Panaeolus"
species = "P. castaneifolia"
binomial = "Panaeolina castaneifolia"
binomial_authority = (Murrill) Bonmycomorphbox
name = "Panaeolina castaneifolia"
whichGills = adnexed
whichGills2 = adnate
capShape = campanulate
capShape2 = convex
hymeniumType=gills
stipeCharacter=bare
ecologicalType=saprotrophic
sporePrintColor=blackish-brown
howEdible=psychoactive

Panaeolina castaneifolia is a rare and widely distributed little brown mushroom which may contain the hallucinogen psilocybin.

It has dark brown, coarsely roughened spores which resemble those of Panaeolina foenisecii.

Habitat and formation

Panaeolina castaneifolia grows in along roadsides and grassy fields. This species was first found in New York City and is probably more widely distributed. This mushroom is often mistaken for "Panaeolina foenisecii", and has similar microscopic features but can be distinguished by its thicker stem and more unpleasant taste. It also resembles "Panaeolus subbalteatus" and can be distinguished from that species by its roughened brown spores.

Description

*Cap: 2 - 4 cm, often with small wrinkles, hygrophanous, dark brown when moist drying to ochre buff. Often with a darker zone around the margin as it dries.
*Gills: Broad, not crowded, adnexed, dark brown.
*Stipe: 4 - 6 cm x 6 - 6 mm, pruinose, cartilaginous, the same color as the cap or pale ochre.
*Spores: Dark purplish brown, rough. 12 - 16 x 7 - 9 micrometers, almond shaped, , with small germ pore.
*Odor: Rather strong.
*Taste: Unpleasant.
*Microscopic features: Basidia four spored, pleurocystidia look like basidia and are dark brown, cheilocystidia abundant, fusoid-ventricose or subcylindric.

External links

* [http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0040/006/0685.htm Mycologia - Panaeolus castaneifolia description by AH Smith]
* [http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0015/001/0017.htm Mycologia - Original description as Psilocybe castaneifolia]
* [http://www.sporeworksgallery.com/Subgenus-Panaeolina/Rough_spored_Panaeolus Rough Spored Panaeoloideae spore comparison]