Oppdal

Oppdal kommune
—  Municipality  —
Coat of arms Sør-Trøndelag within Norway
Oppdal within Sør-Trøndelag
Coordinates: 62°34′25″N 9°36′32″E / 62.57361°N 9.60889°E / 62.57361; 9.60889Coordinates: 62°34′25″N 9°36′32″E / 62.57361°N 9.60889°E / 62.57361; 9.60889
Country	Norway
County	Sør-Trøndelag
District	Dovre region
Administrative centre	Oppdal
Government
- Mayor (2003)	Ola Røtvei (Ap)
Area
- Total	2,274.11 km2 (878 sq mi)
- Land	2,201.32 km2 (849.9 sq mi)
- Water	72.79 km2 (28.1 sq mi)
Area rank	21 in Norway
Population (2011)
- Total	6,691
- Rank	152 in Norway
- Density	3.0/km2 (7.8/sq mi)
- Change (10 years)	5.0 %
Demonym	Oppdaling[1]
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
ISO 3166 code	NO-1634
Official language form	Neutral
Website	oppdal.kommune.no
Data from Statistics Norway

 Oppdal (help·info) is a village and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Dovre region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Oppdal. Other villages in the municipality include Lønset, Vognillan, Fagerhaug, and Holan. The Oppdal Airport, Fagerhaug is located in the northeastern part of the municipality.

The village of Oppdal is located at the intersection of the European route E6 and Norwegian National Road 70 in the Drivdalen valley. The Oppdal Station on the Dovrebanen railway also is in the village. Oppdal Church is located just west of the village. The 3.8-square-kilometre (1.5 sq mi) village has a population (2009) of 3,924. The population density of the village is 1,033 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,680 /sq mi).^[2]

General information

Oppdal town is situated in a valley surrounded by mountains

View of Oppdal Church also known as "Marit Vang" (by Daniel Northall - 28 Dec 2005)

Oppdal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The municipal boundaries have not changed since then.^[3]

Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Oppdal farm, since that is where the church was located. The Old Norse form of the name was Uppdalr. The first element is upp which means "upper" and the last element is dalr which means "valley" or "dale". Historically, the name was also spelled Opdal.^[4]

Coat-of-arms

The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 19 February 1982. The arms represent a junction, since Oppdal is a major centre of commerce and transportation. Three important roads going to Trondheim, Dombås, and Sunndalsøra cross here, and historically the area was used for gatherings, because of this fact.^[5]

Churches

The Church of Norway has three parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Oppdal. It is part of the Deanery (prosti) of Gauldal and the Diocese of Nidaros.

Churches in Oppdal

Parish (Sokn)	Church Name	Year Built	Location of the Church
Fagerhaug	Fagerhaug kapell	1921	Fagerhaug
Lønset	Lønset kapell	1863	Lønset
Oppdal	Oppdal kirke	1651	Oppdal

History

Kongsvoll (Photo by Marianne F. Pettersen)

Drivstua railway station (Photo by Marianne F. Pettersen)

Oppdal is an alpine community with roots back to the Norwegian Iron Age. Its location seems predicated on its being at a crossroads for traffic from Trondheim, the Dovrefjell mountain range, and Sunndal on the west coast. This is reflected in the three rays in the coat-of-arms.

Oppdal was first settled some time before 600 CE. By then there were about 50 farms in the area, and this number grew by about 20 more in the Viking Era. There are remnants of over 700 pagan grave mounds from the time at Vang, in which jewelry and other pieces from the British Isles were found. This indicates that the area was relatively affluent and participated in the Viking trade. Much of the affluence was likely derived from the availability of game, both in the area and from nearby mountain ranges. Several game traps can still be seen in mountains around Oppdal, particularly ditches for reindeer, and there have been more than 80 finds of at least two different types of arrowheads in the area.^[6]

Archeological finds in Oppdal indicate that there were less pronounced economic disparities in Oppdal than elsewhere in Norway. Communal efforts to hold off famine and share burdens appear to have been common through several centuries.

During the Christian era, pagan shrines and gravemounds were replaced by churches and chapels. Five rural churches were built in Oppdal at the time, in Vang, Ålbu, Lønset, Lo, and Nordskogen. The Oppdal Church, built to replace an earlier stavkirke in 1653, stands to this day.^[7]

Oppdal was a stop for pilgrims on their way to the St. Olav shrine at the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim during the Middle Ages. As a result of the heavy stream of pilgrims who followed the Pilgrim´s Route prior to the Reformation, King Eystein erected mountain stations where the pilgrims could find food and shelter. Kongsvoll, located on the Driva River along the route where pilgrims passed from the Gudbrandsdal valley into Oppdal was one of these stations, and is still an inn today. Drivstua, further north, was another.^[7][8]

Oppdal was particularly affected by the Black Plague, which led to abandonment of a number of farms. With a worsening of the climate, 170 years later the community hadn't recovered, and there were only 35 farms and 350 people left. Only one church at Vang was still in use. As late as in 1742, people in Oppdal died of hunger.

In the early 17th century, Oppdal's fortunes turned and population grew. By 1665, 2,200 people lived in Oppdal, and a new church was built at Vang, the Oppdal Church, which stands to this day. The Lønset Chapel and Fagerhaug Chapel have been re-established, and Oppdal houses several other religious communities. Since the 18th century, the inhabitants of Oppdal have made significant investments in education, leading to the establishment of several small rural schools and recently a high school.

In the 19th century, increased fertility and reduced mortality led to population growth that could not be sustained by agricultural resources. Many became tenant farmers, and eventually a large proportion of people from Oppdal emigrated to the United States. The population decreased until 1910, when the railroad from Oslo to Trondheim via Dovre (the Dovrebanen line) created employment and opened the area for tourism. In 1952, the first ski lift opened, and with further expansions Oppdal now offers one of Norway's largest downhill network.

Geography

Almannberget in Oppdal

View of Vangslia in Oppdal, with the main church, known locally as "Marit Vang"

Oppdal is bordered by one municipality in Sør-Trøndelag (Rennebu to the northeast), three municipalities in Møre og Romsdal county (Surnadal on the north and Rindal and Sunndal to the west), two municipalities in Hedmark county (Tynset on the east and Folldal on the south), and one municipality in Oppland county (Dovre to the south).

European route E6 passes straight through the commercial center of Oppdal going north and south, and Norwegian National Road 70 connects Oppdal to Kristiansund in the west.^[7]

The southeastern part of Trollheimen mountain range is located in the municipality. The municipality covers an area equal to the entire county of Vestfold. The administrative centre is at 545 metres (1,788 ft) above sea level. In 2001, its drinking water was named the best in Norway.^[9]

Most of Oppdal's area is mountainous, with large areas above the treeline. Storskrymten at an elevation of 1,985 metres (6,512 ft) is the highest mountain in the county. Other mountains include Blåhøa and Allmannberget. The Speilsalen tunnel was a glacial formation near Blåhøa.

In the valleys there are creeks and rivers which are surrounded by spruce and pine woods; closer to the treeline, birches dominate. There are several lakes in the municipality, the most famous being Gjevilvatnet, a particularly scenic lake with hiking and cross-country skiing trails around. The lake Fundin is located in the southern part of the municipality.

Heather and alpine meadows provide grazing for sheep in the summer. About 1,161 square kilometres (448 sq mi) of the mountains has been held since time immemorial as a collective (almenning) by farmers in the area, giving them the right to hunt, fish, and rent cabins.

Climate

The climate is harsh, even by Norwegian standards. Among other things, snakes have never made it to Oppdal, and snow is not unusual on May 17th National Day celebrations.

The climate is slightly continental with an average annual precipitation of only 500 millimetres (20 in). Even so, the winters are not extremely cold; the January average temperature is −6.5 °C (20.3 °F) and July's average is 11.5 °C (52.7 °F) at an average altitude of 543 metres (1,781 ft).^[10]

Economy

The main industries in Oppdal today are agriculture, tourism, and some light manufacturing. It has the largest sheep population of any municipality in Norway, with 45,000 heads of sheep put out to graze in the mountains every year. It is one of Norway's best ski resorts and is surrounded by national parks.

Notable residents

• The writer Inge Krokann was born in Oppdal, and the area is central to his work.
• The composer Harald Sæther was born and lives in Oppdal.
• Einar Ingvald Haugen; (1906–1994) was a Norwegian American linguist, author and Professor at University of Wisconsin–Madison and Harvard University. Haugen was born in Sioux City, Iowa to Norwegians from Oppdal.

References

1. ^ "Personnemningar til stadnamn i Noreg" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet. http://www.sprakrad.no/nb-no/Sprakhjelp/Rettskrivning_Ordboeker/Innbyggjarnamn/. 
2. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå (1 January 2009). "Urban settlements. Population and area, by municipality.". http://www.ssb.no/beftett_en/tab-2009-06-16-01-en.html. 
3. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/90/rapp_9913/rapp_9913.pdf. 
4. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1901) (in Norwegian). Norske gaardnavne: Søndre Trondhjems amt (14 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 178. http://books.google.com/books?id=AGxBAAAAIAAJ. 
5. ^ Norske Kommunevåpen (1990). "Nye kommunevåbener i Norden". http://www.ngw.nl/int/nor/o/oppdal.htm. Retrieved 26 October 2008. 
6. ^ Haugland, Kjell (2002). Oppdals historie - Hovudlinjer og tidsbilde. Oppdal historielag. ISBN 8270832693. 
7. ^ ^{a b c} Welle-Strand, Erling (1996). Adventure Roads in Norway. Nortrabooks. ISBN 8290103719. 
8. ^ Stagg, Frank Noel (1953). The Heart of Norway. George Allen & Unwin, Ltd.. 
9. ^ "Kommunefakta" (in Norwegian). Oppdal kommune. http://www.oppdal.com/?itemid=1197. 
10. ^ "Temperaturnormaler for Oppdal i perioden 1961 - 1990" (in Norwegian). Meteorologisk institutt. http://met.no/observasjoner/sor-trondelag/normaler_for_kommune_1634.html?kommuner. 

External links

• Oppdal weather and snow report (Norwegian)
• Sør-Trøndelag travel guide from Wikitravel
• Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway