Uterine contraction

A uterine contraction is a muscle contraction of the uterine smooth muscle.

Throughout menstrual cycle

The uterus frequently contracts throughout the entire menstrual cycle, and these contractions have been termed endometrial waves or contractile waves.^[1] These appear to involve only the sub-endometrial layer of the myometrium.^[1] In the early follicular phase, these contractions occur once or twice per minute and last 10–15 seconds with a low amplitude of usually 30 mmHg.^[1] The frequency increases to 3–4 per minute towards ovulation. During the luteal phase, the frequency and amplitude decrease, possibly to facilitate any implantation.

If implantation does not occur, the frequency remains low, but the amplitude increases dramatically to between 50 and 200 mmHg producing labor-like contractions at the time of menstruation.^[1] These contractions are sometimes termed menstrual cramps,^[2] although that term is often used for menstrual pain in general. These contractions may be uncomfortable or even painful, but they are generally significantly less painful than contractions during labour. A hot water bottle or exercising has been found to help.

A shift in the myosin expression of the uterine smooth muscle has been hypothesized to avail for changes in the directions of uterine contractions that are seen during the menstrual cycle.^[1]

In childbirth

In obstetrics, a contraction may refer specifically to the motion of the uterus^[3] as part of the process of childbirth. Contractions, and labour in general, is one condition that releases the hormone oxytocin into the body. Contractions become longer as labour intensifies.

Prior to actual labour, women may experience Braxton Hicks contractions, sometimes known as "false labour."

Since every pregnancy is different, a doctor, midwife or other competent professional should always be consulted before any action is taken to reduce the pain. Some popular methods may be harmful to the mother and/or the baby, or may actually worsen the pain or lengthen the labour.

In orgasm

The uterus and vagina contract during female orgasm to encourage male semen to reach the fallopian tubes. These contractions may not be noticed by all women; pregnant women are more likely to notice these contractions by late 2nd and 3rd trimesters.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Aguilar, H. N.; Xiao, S.; Knoll, A. H.; Yuan, X. (2010). "Physiological pathways and molecular mechanisms regulating uterine contractility". Human Reproduction Update 16 (6): 725–744. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq016. JSTOR 1306737. PMID 20551073.  edit
2. ^ medicinenet.com > Menstrual Cramps Retrieved January 2011
3. ^ MeSH Uterine+Contraction