Myogenesis

Myogenesis

Myogenesis is the formation of muscular tissue, in particular during embryonic development.

Muscle fibers form from the fusion of myoblasts into multi-nucleated fibers (called myotubes). In the early development of an embryo these myoblasts will proliferate if enough fibroblast growth factor is present. When the FGF runs out, the myoblasts cease division and secrete fibronectin onto their extracellular matrix.

The second stage involves the alignment of the myoblasts into the myotubes. The identity of the myoblasts in this stage is not crucial. Studies have shown that even rat and chick myoblasts have aligned. [1]

The third stage is the actual cell fusion itself. In this stage, calcium ions are critical for development. Fusion is mediated by a set of metalloproteinases called meltrins. Myocyte Enhance Factors (MEFs) promote myogenesis. Serum response factor (SRF) plays a central role during myogenesis, being required for the expression of striated alpha-actin genes[2]. Expression of skeletal alpha-actin is also regulated by the Androgen Receptor; steroids can thereby regulate myogenesis [3].

References

  1. ^ YAFFE D, FELDMAN M. THE FORMATION OF HYBRID MULTINUCLEATED MUSCLE FIBERS FROM MYOBLASTS OF DIFFERENT GENETIC ORIGIN.
  2. ^ Wei L, Zhou W, Croissant JD, Johansen FE, Prywes R, Balasubramanyam A, Schwartz RJ.RhoA signaling via serum response factor plays an obligatory role in myogenic differentiation.J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 13;273(46):30287-94.PMID: 9804789
  3. ^ Vlahopoulos S, Zimmer WE, Jenster G, Belaguli NS, Balk SP, Brinkmann AO, Lanz RB, Zoumpourlis VC, Schwartz RJ.Recruitment of the androgen receptor via serum response factor facilitates expression of a myogenic gene.J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 4;280(9):7786-92. Epub 2004 Dec 28.PMID: 15623502

External links


v · d · eMusculoskeletal physiology: Muscular physiology
Exertion
Other

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

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  • myogenesis — The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult muscle that occurs in the animal and in cultured cells. In vertebrate skeletal muscle the main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by… …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • myogenesis — noun The formation of muscle tissue during the development of an embryo See Also: myogenic …   Wiktionary

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  • myogenesis — n. development of muscle tissue (especially in an embryo) …   English contemporary dictionary

  • MyoD — Myogenic differentiation 1 PDB rendering based on 1mdy …   Wikipedia

  • MyoD — Proteína 1 de diferenciación miogénica Estructura tridimensional de la proteína MyoD. HUGO …   Wikipedia Español

  • Embryo — An embryo (from Greek: Polytonic|ἔμβρυον , plural Polytonic|ἔμβρυα , lit. that which grows, from en in + bryein to swell, be full ) is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division… …   Wikipedia

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