Portuguese Conquest of Goa (1510)

For the Indian annexation in 1961, see 1961 Indian Annexation of Goa.

Capture of Goa
Part of Ottoman-Portuguese Wars
Map of Goa, in Histoire générale des Voyages, de la Harpe, 1750.
Date December 10, 1510 Location Goa, India Result Portuguese victory Conquest of Goa by the Portuguese
Belligerents
Portuguese Empire Vijayanagara Empire	Bijapur Sultanate Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Afonso de Albuquerque Thimayya	Yusuf Adil Shah
Strength
1500 Portuguese 300 Malabarese 34 ships	9000 men
Casualties and losses
Unknown	6000 men killed

The Portuguese Conquest of Goa occurred in 1510 on behalf of the Portuguese admiral Afonso de Albuquerque. Goa (also Old Goa or Velha Goa) was not among the cities Albuquerque had received orders to conquer: he had only been ordered by the Portuguese king to capture Hormuz, Aden and Malacca.^[1]

The city of Goa had been garrisonned since at least 1504 by Ottoman troops: 400 soldiers under an "Osmani Turkish Mamluk", a Persian from the northern Persia city of Sâva, named Yusuf Adil Shah of Bijapur.^[2]

Albuquerque attacked Goa at the invitation of a local chieftain Thimayya, an exiled Hindu from Goa who was admiral of the Honavar fleet who had received appeals from the Hindu population of Goa to relieve them from Muslim rule.^[1] Goa was a great and prosperous trading port on the Indian coast.^[3]

A breech-loading swivel gun thought to have been cast in Portuguese Goa, India. Caliber: 95mm, length: 2880mm. It was exported to Japan and used in the time of Oda Nobunaga.

Albuquerque first reached the city of Goa with his admiral António de Noronha in February 1510.^[4] Albuquerque triumphantly entered the city on 17 February 1510, with little conflict.^[4]

A Muslim force then approached to reconquer Goa.^[4] Besieged, the Portuguese finally abandoned Goa on 30 May 1510 to its former ruler Ismail Adil Shah, the Muslim king of Bijapur.^[4][5]

Albuquerque sailed from Cannanore and returned three months later, on November 25, with a stronger fleet, composed of 34 ships, 1500 Portuguese and 300 Malabarese.^[4] He again joined forces with Thimayya in Honavar.^[4] He was fearing an alliance of Goa with Gujarat, Calicut and the Mamluk Egyptians.^[4]

Albuquerque was then able to capture Goa in less than a day, from Ismail Adil Shah and his Ottoman allies, who surrendered on 10 December. Thereafter, Goa then supplanted Calicut in prosperity.^[5]

Albuquerque had captured Goa without Royal orders, and was opposed by his captains in doing so. The king challenged the Portuguese establishment at Goa, but the council of the fidalgos finally confirmed the possession, to the displeasure of the king.^[1] The city of Goa nevertheless constituted a strong position that reinforced the strategic presence of the Portuguese in India.^[1]

The Portuguese did continue to have misgivings about their possessions in India, as they discussed in 1542 and 1570 whether they should abandon the Estado da India in order to better concentrate on the conquest of Morocco.^[1]

See also

• History of Goa

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Conversions and citizenry: Goa under Portugal, 1510-1610 Délio de Mendonça p.82ff [1]
2. ^ The itinerary of Ludovico di Varthema of Bologna from 1502 to 1508 by Lodovico de Varthema, Ludovico Di Varthema p.52
3. ^ Asia in the making of Europe by Donald Frederick Lach p.391
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} History of the Portuguese navigation in India, 1497-1600 by K. M. Mathew p.191 [2]
5. ^ ^{a b} A history of the two Indies by Raynal p.6