List of kings of Persia

History of Greater Iran
until the rise of modern nation-states
Pre-modern
Pre-Islamic  BCE Prehistory Proto-Elamite civilization 3200–2800 Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Bactria-Margiana Complex 2200–1700 Kingdom of Mannai 10th–7th cent. Median Empire 728–550 Achaemenid Empire 550–330 Seleucid Empire 330–150 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 250-125 Parthian Empire 248–CE 224 CE Kushan Empire 30–275 Sassanid Empire 224–651 Hephthalite Empire 425–557 Kabul Shahi kingdom 565–879
Islamic  Patriarchal Caliphate 637–651 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Alavid dynasty 864–928 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Samanid dynasty 819–999 Ziyarid dynasty 928–1043 Buyid dynasty 934–1055 Ghaznavid Empire 975–1187 Ghurid dynasty 1149–1212 Seljuq Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian dynasty 1077–1231 Ilkhanate 1256–353 Kartids dynasty 1231–389 Muzaffarid dynasty 1314–1393 Chupanid dynasty 1337–1357 Jalayerid dynasty 1339–1432 Timurid Empire 1370–1506 Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans 1407–1468 Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans 1378–1508 Safavid Empire 1501–1722 Mughal Empire 1526–1857 Hotaki dynasty 1722–1729 Afsharid dynasty 1736–1750 Zand Dynasty 1750–1794 Durrani Empire 1794–1826 Qajar Dynasty 1794–1925

The following is a list of kings and queens of Main Dynasties of Greater Iran, which includes all of the empires ruling over geographical Greater Iran and their rulers. For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of Iran please see:

• List of rulers of Pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran
• List of rulers of Elam
• List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms
• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Ancient Empires, c. 2700-550 BC

For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of this Era see:

• List of rulers of Pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran
• List of rulers of Elam

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Aratta kingdom,[1] c.2700BC
1	In-Su-Kush-Siranna				? - ?	c. 2700 BC	c. 2700 BC	?	contemporary with Enmerkar king of Uruk
Early Elamite kings,[2] c. 2700- c. 2600 BC
2	Humbaba				? - c. 2680 BC	c. 2700 BC	c. 2680 BC	?	contemporary with Gilgamesh king of Uruk
3	Humban-Shutur (or Khumbastir)				? - ?	?	?	?
First Awan dynasty,[3][4][5] c. 2600-2550 BC
4	The unnamed King of Awan			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2580 BC	?	?	contemporary with Ur-Nungal king of Uruk[6]
5	...Lu			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
6	Kur-Ishshak			King of Awan	? - ?	?	c. 2550 BC	?	36 years. contemporary with Lugal-Anne-Mundu king of Adab & Ur-Nanshe king of Lagash
Second Awan dynasty,[7] c. 2550-2270 BC
7	Peli			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2500 BC	?	?
8	Tata I			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
9	Ukku-Tanhish			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
10	Hishutash			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
11	Shushun-Tarana			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
12	Napi-Ilhush			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
13	Kikku-Siwe-Temti			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
14	Hishep-Ratep I			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
15	Luh-Ishshan			King of Awan	? -c. 2325 BC	?	c. 2325 BC	Son of Hishep-Ratep I
16	Hishep-Ratep II			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2325 BC	?	Son of Luh-Ishshan
17	Emahsini[8]			King of Awan	? - 2311 BC	c. 2315 BC	2311 BC
18	Helu			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
19	Hita			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2270 BC	c. 2270 BC	?	contemporary of Naram-Sin king of Akkad
Kuti kingdom,[9] c.2256–c.2120 BC
20	Erridupizir			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2256 BC	c.2251 BC	?
21	Imta or Nibia			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2250 BC	c.2246 BC	?
22	Inkishush			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2245 BC	c.2240 BC	?
23	Zarlagab			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2239 BC	c.2234 BC	?
24	Shulme			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2233 BC	c.2228 BC	?
25	Elulmesh or Silulumesh			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2227 BC	c.2222 BC	?
26	Duga			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2221 BC	c.2216 BC	?
27	Iluan			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2215 BC	c.2213 BC	?
28	Inimabakesh			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2212 BC	c.2208 BC	?
29	Inkishush			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2207 BC	c.2202 BC	?
30	Yarlagab			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2201 BC	c.2187 BC	?
31	Ibate			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2186 BC	c.2184 BC	?
32	Yarlagab or Yarla			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2183 BC	c.2181 BC	?
33	Kurum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2180 BC	c.2180 BC	?
34	Apilkin			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2179 BC	c.2177 BC	?
35	La-erabum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2176 BC	c.2175 BC	?
36	Irarum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2174 BC	c.2173 BC	?
37	Ibranum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2172 BC	c.2172 BC	?
38	Hablum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2171 BC	c.2170 BC	?
39	Puzur-Suen			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2169 BC	c.2163 BC	?
40	Yarlaganda			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2162 BC	c.2156 BC	?
41	Si'um or Si'u			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2155 BC	c.2121 BC	?
42	Tirigan			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2120 BC	c.2120 BC	?	40 days
Third Awan dynasty,[10] c. 2100 BC
43	Kutik-Inshushinak[11]			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2100 BC	c. 2100 BC	son of Shinpi-hish-huk	contemporary of Ur-Nammu king of Ur. Susa conquered by Ur troops in 2078 and 2016 BC. After him, kings of Simashki took the leadership of Elam.
Simashki dynasty,[12][13] c. 2070- c. 1975 BC
44	Gir-Namme I			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	?	?
45	Tazitta I			king of Simashki	? - ?	c. 2040 BC[14]	c. 2037 BC[15]	?
46	Eparti I			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	c. 2033 BC[16]	?
47	Gir-Namme II			king of Simashki	? - ?	c. 2033 BC	?	?
48	Tazitta II			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	?	?
49	Lurak-Luhhan			king of Simashki	? - 2022 BC	c. 2028 BC	2022 BC	?
50	Hutran-Temti			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	?	?
51	Indattu-Inshushinak I			king of Simashki	? - 2016 BC	?	2016 BC	son of Hutran-Temti
52	Kindattu			king of Simashki	? - ?	before 2006 BC	after 2005 BC	son of Tan-Ruhuratir	conqueror of Ur
53	Indattu-Inshushinak II			king of Simashki	? - ?	c. 1980 BC	?	son of Pepi[17]	cont. Shu-ilishu king of Isin & Bilalama king of Eshnunna
55	Tan-Ruhuratir I			king of Simashki	? - ?	c. 1965 BC	?	son of Indattu-Inshushinnak II	cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin
56	Indattu-Inshushinak III			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	?	son of Tan-Ruhuratir I	more than 3 years
Epartid dynasty,[18] c. 1975- c. 1500 BC
54	Eparti II			king of Simashki, king of Anshan & Susa, Sukkalmah	? - ?	c. 1973 BC	?	Married with a daughter of Iddin-Dagan king of Isin in 1973 BC.[19]	cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin
57	Shilhaha			king of Anshan & Susa, Sukkalmah	? - ?	?	?	son of Eparti II
58	Kuk-Nashur I			Sukkalmah	? - ?	?	?	son (ruhushak)[20] of Shilhaha
59	Atta-hushu			Sukkal and Ippir of Susa, Shepherd of the people of Susa, Shepherd of Inshushinak	? - after 1894 BC	?1928 BC	after 1894 BC	son of Kuk-Nashur I (?)
60	Tetep-Mada			Shepherd of the people of Susa	? - ?	after c. 1890 BC	?	son of Kuk-Nashur I (?)
61	Palar-Ishshan			Sukkalmah	? - ?	?	?	?
62	Kuk-Sanit				? - ?	?	?	son of Palar-Ishshan (?)
63	Kuk-Kirwash			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam and Simashki and Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Lan-Kuku & nephew of Palar-Ishshan
64	Tem-Sanit				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Kirwash
65	Kuk-Nahhunte				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Kirwash
66	Kuk-Nashur II			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam, Sukkal of Elam and Simashki and Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Nahhunte (?)
67	Shirukduh			Sukkalmah	? - ?	c. 1790 BC	?	?	cont. Shamshi-Adad I king of Assyria
68	Shimut-Wartash I				? - ?	?	?	son of Shirukduh
69	Siwe-Palar-Hupak			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa, Prince of Elam	? - ?	before 1765 BC	after 1765 BC	son of Shirukduh
70	Kuduzulush I			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Shirukduh
71	Kutir-Nahhunte I			Sukkalmah	? - ?	c. 1710 BC	?	son of Kuduzulush I
72	Atta-Merra-Halki				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuduzulush I (?)
73	Tata II			Sukkal	? - ?	?	?	brother of Atta-Merra-Halki
74	Lila-Irtash				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuduzulush I
75	Temti-Agun			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Kutir-Nahhunte I
76	Kutir-Shilhaha			Sukkalmah, Sukkal	? - ?	?	?	son of Temti-Agun
77	Kuk-Nashur III			Sukkal of Elam, Sukkal of Susa	? - ?	before 1646 BC	after 1646 BC	son of Kutir-Shilhaha
78	Temti-Raptash				? - ?	?	?	son of Kutir-Shilhaha
79	Shimut-Wartash II				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Nashur III
80	Shirtuh			King of Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Nashur III
81	Kuduzulush II			Sukkalmah, King of Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Shimut-Wartash II
82	Tan-Uli			Sukkalmah, Sukkal	? - ?	?	?	?
83	Temti-Halki			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam and Simashki and Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Tan-Uli
84	Kuk-Nashur IV[21]			Sukkalmah	? - ?	?	?	son of Tan-Uli
85	Kutik-Matlat[22]				? - ?	c. 1500 BC	?	son of Tan-Uli
Kidinuid dynasty,[23] c. 1500- c. 1370 BC
86	Kidinu			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	15th century BC	?	?
87	Inshushinak-Sunkir-Nappipir			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
88	Tan-Ruhuratir II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	15th century BC	?	?
89	Shalla			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
94	Temti-Ahar			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1370 BC	?	?	cont. Kadashman-Enlil I Kassite king of Babylon
Igehalkid dynasty,[24] c. 1400 – c. 1200 BC
90	Pahir-Ishshan I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1390 BC	?	son of Ige-Halki	cont. Kurigalzu I Kassite king of Babylon
91	Kidin-Hutran I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Pahir-Ishshan I[25]
92	Attar-Kittah II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Ige-Halki
93	Humban-Numena I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1370 BC	?	son of Attar-Kittah II	cont. Burna-Buriash II Kassite king of Babylon
95	Untash-Napirisha or Untash-Humban			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1340 BC	?	son of Humban-Numena I
96	Kidin-Hutran II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Untash-Naprisha[26]
97	Napirisha-Untash or Humban-Untash			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Kidin-Hutran II[27]
98	Pahir-Ishshan II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
99	Unpatar-Napirisha or Unpatar-Humban			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Pahir-Ishshan II
100	Kidin-Hutran III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1224 BC	c. 1217 BC	son of Pahir-Ishshan II	cont. Enlil-nadin-shumi & Adad-shuma-iddina Kassite kings of Babylon[28]
Shutrukid dynasty,[29] c. 1200 – c. 970 BC
101	Hallutush-Inshushinak			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1200 BC	?	?
102	Shutruk-Nahhunte I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	before c. 1158 BC	after c. 1158 BC	son of Hallutush-Inshushinak
103	Kutir-Nahhunte II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	before c. 1155 BC	after c. 1155 BC	son of Shutruk-Nahhunte I
104	Shilhak-Inshushinak I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Shutruk-Nahhunte I
105	Hutelutush-Inshushinak			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	before c. 1110 BC	after c. 1110 BC	son of Kutir-Nahhunte II
106	Shilhina-Hamru-Lakamar			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	after 1110 BC	?	son of Shilhak-Inshushinak I
107	Humban-Numena II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	early 11th century BC	?	?
108	Shutruk-Nahhunte II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	middle of 11th century BC	?	son of Humban-Numena II
109	Shutur-Nahhunte I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	middle of 11th century BC	?	son of Humban-Numena II
110	Mar-biti-apla-usur[30]			"son" of Elam	? - ?	before 983 BC	after 978 BC	?
?	Akshir-Shimut			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
?	Akshir-Nahhunte			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
?	Kara-Indash			king of Elam	? - ?	?	?	?
Humban-Tahrid (Neo-Elamite) dynasty,[31] c. 830– c. 640 BC
114	The unnamed king of Elam			king of Elam	? - ?	before c. 821 BC	after c. 821 BC	?	cont. Shamshi-Adad V king of Assyria
115	Humban-Tahrah I			king of Elam	? - 743 BC	?	743 BC	?
116	Humban-Nikash I			king of Elam	? - 717 BC	743 BC	717 BC	son of Humban-Tahrah I
117	Shutur-Nahhunte II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - 699 BC	717 BC	699 BC	son (Ruhushak) of Humban-Nikash I
118	Hallushu-Inshushinak			king of Anshan & Susa	? - oct. 693 BC	699 BC	oct. 693 BC	brother of Shutur-Nahhunte II
119	Kutir-Nahhunte III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - July 692 BC	oct. 693 BC	July 692 BC	son of Hallushu-Inshushinak
120	Humban-Numena III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - feb. 688 BC	July 692 BC	feb. 688 BC	son of Hallushu-Inshushinak
121	Humban-Haltash I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - oct. 681 BC	feb. 688 BC	oct. 681 BC	son of Humban-Numena III (?)
122	Humban-Haltash II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - sept. 675 BC	oct. 681 BC	sept. 675 BC	son of Humban-Haltash I
124	Urtak-Inshushinak			king of Anshan & Susa	? - 663 BC	sept. 675 BC	663 BC	brother of Humban-Haltash II
125	Temti-Humban-Inshushinak I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - sept. 653 BC	663 BC	sept. 653 BC	brother of Urtak-Inshushinak
126	Humban-Nikash II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - 651 BC	sept. 653 BC	651 BC	son of Urtak-Inshushinak
127	Tammaritu			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	652 BC	649 BC	son of Humban-Hapua son of Urtak-Inshushinak
129	Indabibi			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after July 648 BC	649 BC	after July 648 BC	?
130	Humban-Haltash III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	after July 648 BC	645/4 BC	son of Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak	He was defeated and then captured by Assyrians.
127	Tammaritu			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	647 BC	647 BC	son of Humban-Hapua son of Urtak-Inshushinak
131	Humban-Nikash III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	647 BC	647 BC	son of Atta-Merra-Halki
132	Umhuluma			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	647 BC	647 BC	?
133	Indattu-Inshushinak IV			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	647 BC	after autumn 646 BC	?
134	Humban-Hapua			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	647 BC	647 BC	?
135	Pa'e			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	autumn 646	after 645/4 BC	?
136	Shutur-Nahhunte III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	after autumn 646 BC	?	son of Indattu-Inshushinak IV	After him, kingdom of Anshan transferred to Achaemenids
First Median dynasty,[32] 674–652 BC
123	Xšaθrita	Phraortes (?)		King of Medes	? - 652 BC	674 BC	652 BC	son of Deioces	Killed in battle with Assyrians and Scythians. Domination of Scythian kingdom 652–625 BC
Scythian kingdom, 652–625 BC
128	Madea			King of Scythians	? - 625 BC	652 BC	625 BC	son of Partatua	king of Scythian kingdom from c. 658/9 BC
Second Median dynasty,[33] 625–550 BC
137	Cyaxares	Huvaxšaθra		King of Medes	? - 585 BC	625 BC	585 BC	son of Xšaθrita
138	Astyages	Ishtuvigu		King of Medes	? - 585 BC	585 BC	550 BC	son of Cyaxares	Deposed and later killed

Old Persian Empire, 550–329 BC

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Achaemenid dynasty, 550–329 BC
139	Cyrus the Great			The great king, King of Persia, King of Anshan, King of Media, King of Babylon, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the four corners of the World	600 BC - 530 BC	550 BC	530 BC	Son of Cambyses I or (II) king of Anshan and Mandana daughter of Astyages	King of Anshan from 559 BC. Killed in battle with Massagetes
140	Cambyses			Khshayathiya Khshayathiyanam,[34] The Great King	? - 521 BC	530 BC	522 BC	Son of Cyrus the Great	Died while en route to put down a rebellion.
141	Bardiya	Tanyoxarces		The Great King, Pharaoh of Egypt	? - 522 BC	522 BC	522 BC	Son of Cyrus the Great	Killed by Persian aristocrats
142	Darius I	Arsames (?)		The Great King, King of Kings	550 BC - 486 BC	522 BC	486 BC	Son of Hystaspes son of Arsames son of Ariaramnes son of Teispes (II)
143	Xerxes I			The Great King, King of Kings	519 BC - 465 BC	485 BC	465 BC	Son of Darius I	Killed
144	Artaxerxes I			The Great King, King of Kings, Longimanus	? - 424 BC	465 BC	424 BC	Son of Xerxes I
145	Xerxes II	Artaxerxes		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 424 BC	424 BC	424 BC	Son of Artaxerxes I	Killed by Sogdianus
146	?	Sogdianus		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 423 BC	424 BC	423 BC	Son of Artaxerxes I	Killed by Darius II
147	Darius II	Ochus		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 404 BC	423 BC	404 BC	Son of Artaxerxes I
148	Artaxerxes II	Arsaces		The Great King, King of Kings	436 BC - 358 BC	404 BC	358 BC	Son of Darius II
149	Artaxerxes III	Ochus		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 338 BC	358 BC	338 BC	Son of Artaxerxes II	Killed
150	Artaxerxes IV	Arses		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 336 BC	338 BC	336 BC	Son of Artaxerxes III	Killed
151	Darius III	Artashata		The Great King, King of Kings	380 BC - 330 BC	336 BC	330 BC	Son of Arsanes son of Ostanes son of Darius II	Killed by Artaxerxes V
152	Artaxerxes V	Bessus		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 329 BC	330 BC	329 BC	Probably a descendant of Artaxerxes II	Killed by Alexander I

Macedonian Empire, 330–129 BC

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Argead Dynasty, 330–312 BC
153	Alexander I			the Great	356 - June 13, 323 BC	330 BC	323 BC	son of Philip II of Macedonia	King of Macedonia from 336 BC as Alexander III
154	Philip			Arrhideus	c. 359 - 317 BC	June 323 BC	317 BC	son of Philip II of Macedonia	King of Macedonia as Philip III. Killed by Olympias
155	Alexander II			Egus	Sept. 323 - 309 BC	Sept. 323 BC	317 BC	son of Alexander The Great	King of Macedonia as Alexander IV until 310 BC, Killed by Cassander son of Antipater
	Perdiccas				? - 321 BC	June 323 BC	321 BC		Regent, prince of Orestis
	Peithon				c. 355-314 BC	321 BC	321 BC	son of Crateuas	Regent
	Arrhidaeus				? -319 BC	321 BC	321 BC		Regent
	Antipater				?398-319 BC	321 BC	319 BC	son of Iollas	Regent, Killed by Seleucus I
	Polysperchon				394–303 BC	319 BC	316 BC	son of Simmias	Regent
156	Olympias				c. 375–316 BC	317 BC	316 BC	daughter of king Neoptolemus I of Epirus and mother of Alexander I.	Killed by Cassander son of Antipater
157	Antigonus			Monophthalmus	382-301 BC	316 BC	312 BC	son of Philip of Elymiotis	King of Anatolia, Syria and Macedonia as Antigonus I until 301 BC. Killed by Seleucus I
Seleucid dynasty, 312–129 BC
158	Seleucus I			Nicator	c. 358–281 BC	312 BC	281 BC	son of Antiochus son of Seleucus	Assumed title of "King" from 306 BC. Killed by Ptolemy Ceraunus
159	Antiochus I			Soter	? - 261 BC	281 BC	261 BC	son of Seleucus I	co-ruler from 291
160	Antiochus II			Theos	286–246 BC	261 BC	246 BC	son of Antiochus I
162	Seleucus II			Callinicus	? - 225 BC	246 BC	225 BC	son of Antiochus II
163	Seleucus III	Alexander		Soter, Ceraunus	c. 243-223 BC	225 BC	223 BC	son of Seleucus II
164	Antiochus III			Megas	c. 241–187 BC	223 BC	187 BC	son of Seleucus II
166	Seleucus IV			Philopator	? - 175 BC	187 BC	175 BC	son of Antiochus III
168	Antiochus IV			Epiphanes	c. 215-163 BC	175 BC	163 BC	son of Antiochus III	Killed in Elymais
171	Antiochus V			Eupator	c. 172-161 BC	163 BC	161 BC	son of Antiochus IV
172	Demetrius I			Soter	185-150 BC	161 BC	150 BC	son of Seleucus IV
173	Alexander III			Balas, Theopator, Euergetes	? - 146 BC	150 BC	146 BC	son of Antiochus IV (?)	Seleucid king of Syria As Alexander I
174	Demetrius II			Nicator	? - 139 BC	146 BC	139 BC	son of Demetrius I	Defeated and captured by Parthians. He married to Rhodogune daughter of Mithridates I
175	Antiochus VII			Euergetes, Sidetes	? - 129 BC	139 BC	129 BC	son of Demetrius I	Killed in battle with Phraates II

Middle Iranian Empire, 247 BC–c. 670 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of this Era see:

• List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Arsacid dynasty,[35] 247 BC–228 AD
161	Arsaces I	Tiridates I or Arsaces		King, Karen, Autocrator	? - 211 BC	247 BC	211 BC	A descendant of Arsaces son of Phriapatius who was probably son of Artaxerxes II
165	Arsaces II	Arsaces			? - 185 BC	211 BC	185 BC[36]	Son of Arsaces I
167	Arsaces III	Phriapatius			? - 170 BC	185 BC	170 BC[37]	Grandson of Tiridates I
169	Arsaces IV	Phraates I			? - 167 BC	170 BC	167 BC[38]	Son of Phriapatius
170	Arsaces V	Mithridates I		The Great King, Theos, Theopator, Philhellene	? - 132 BC	167 BC[39]	132 BC[40]	Son of Phriapatius
176	Arsaces VI	Phraates II		The Great King, Philopator, Theopator, Nikephoros	? - 127 BC	132 BC	127 BC[41]	Son of Mithridates I	Killed in battle with Scythians
177	Arsaces VII	Artabanus I		King	? - 126 BC	127 BC	126 BC[42]	Son of Phriapatius	Killed in battle with Tocharians
178	Arsaces VIII	Vologases (I)[43]		The Great King, Theopator, Philadelphos, Philhellene, Epiphanes	? - 122 BC	126 BC	122 BC[44]	Son of Phriapatius	He was the first Arsacid king of Media, Arran and Iberia
179	Arsaces IX	Artabanus (II)[45]		The Great King, King of kings, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 121 BC	122 BC	121 BC	Son of Artabanus I	Killed in battle with Medians
180	Arsaces X	Mithridates II		The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Epiphanes, Soter	? - 91 BC	121 BC[46]	91 BC	Son of Artabanus I
181	Arsaces XI	Gotarzes I		The Great King, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Euergetes, Autocrator	? - 87 BC	91 BC	87 BC	Son of Mithridates II
182	Arsaces XII	Artabanus (III)[47]		The Great King, Theopator, Nicator	? - 77? BC	91 BC	77? BC	Son of Vologases (I)
183	Arsaces XIII	Mithridates (III)[48]		The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Dikaios, Euergetes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philopator, Epiphanes	? - 67 BC	88 BC	67 BC	Son of Mithridates II
184	Arsaces XIV	Orodes I		The Great King, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 75 BC	80 BC	75 BC	Son of Mithridates II
185	Arsaces XV	Sanatruces I		The Great King, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	157 BC - 70 BC	77 BC	70 BC	Son of Vologases (I)[49]
186	Arsaces XVI[50]	?		The Great King, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Eusebes	? - 66 BC	77 BC	66 BC	?
187	Arsaces XVII	Phraates III		The Great King, Theos, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 57 BC	70 BC	57 BC	Son of Sanatruces I	Killed by Orodes II
188	Arsaces XVIII[51]	?		The Great King, Philopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 63 BC	66 BC	63 BC	Son of Arsaces XVI
189	Arsaces XIX	Mithridates III (or IV)		The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Theos, Eupator, Theopator, Philhellene	? - 54 BC	65 BC[52]	54 BC	Son of Phraates III	Killed by Orodes II
190	Arsaces XX	Orodes II		King of Kings, Philopator, Eupator, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Ktistes	? - 38 BC	57 BC	38 BC	Son of Phraates III	Killed by Phraates IV
191	Arsaces XXI	Pacorus I		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 38 BC	50 BC	38 BC	Son of Orodes II	Killed in battle with Romans
192	Arsaces XXII	Phraates IV		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 2 BC	38	2 BC	Son of Orodes II	Killed by Musa
193	Arsaces XXIII	Tiridates II		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philoromaeos	? - after 23 BC	30 BC	25 BC	Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III)	Deposed and went to Rome
194	Arsaces XXIV	Mithridates (V)[53]		?	? - ? BC	12 BC	9 BC	Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III)
	Musa	Musa		Queen of Queens, Thea, Urania	?- 4? AD	2 BC	4 AD	Queen of Phraates IV
195	Arsaces XXV	Phraates V		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	?- 4 AD	2 BC	4 AD	Son of Phraates IV & Musa	Deposed and went to Rome
196	Arsaces XXVI	Orodes III		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 6	4	6	Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III)	Killed by Parthian aristocrats
197	Arsaces XXVII	Vonones I		The Great King, King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Nikephorus	? - 19	8	12	Son of Phraates IV	Deposed and went to Rome. Later, He was killed by Romans.
198	Arsaces XXVIII	Artabanus II (or IV)		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 40	10	40	Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III)
199	Arsaces XXIX	Tiridates III		?	? - ?	35	36	Probably a descendant of Tiridates II	Deposed and went to Rome
200	Arsaces XXX	Cinnamus		?	? - ?	37	37	Son of Artabanus II (or IV)	Abdicated
201	Arsaces XXXI	Gotarzes II		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	11 - 51	40 –	51	Son of Artabanus II (or IV)
202	Arsaces XXXII	Vardanes I		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 46	40	46	Son of Artabanus II (or IV)	Killed by Gotarzes II
203	Arsaces XXXIII	Vonones II		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 51	c. 45	51	Son of Artabanus II (or IV)
204	Arsaces XXXIV	Mithridates (VI)[54]		?	? - ?	49	50	Son of Vonones I	Deposed and mutilated by Gotarzes II
205	Arsaces XXXV	Vologases I (or II)		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, The Lord	? - 77	51	77	Son of Vonones II
206	Arsaces XXXVI	Vardanes II		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	55	58	Son of Vologases I (or II)	Deposed
207	Arsaces XXXVII	Vologases II (or III)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	77	89/90	Probably son of Vologases I (or II)
208	Arsaces XXXVIII	Pacorus II		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 115	77	115	Probably son of Vologases I (or II)
209	Arsaces XXXIX	Artabanus III (or V)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	80	81	Probably son of Vologases I (or II)
210	Arsaces XL	Osroes I		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 130	89/90	130	Probably son of Vologases II (or III)
211	Arsaces XLI	Vologases III (or IV)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 148	105	148	?
212	Arsaces XLII	Mithridates IV (or VII)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - c. 145	115	c. 145	Brother of Osroes I	Killed in battle with Romans
213	Arsaces XLIII	Parthamaspates		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - after 123	116	117	Son of Osroes I	Deposed and went to Rome
214	Arsaces XLIV[55]	Sanatruces II		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - c. 145	c. 145	c. 145	son of Mithridates IV (or VII)	Killed in battle with Romans
215	Arsaces XLV	Vologases IV (or V)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 191	148	191	Son of Mithridates IV (or VII)
216	Arsaces XLVI	Vologases V (or VI)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 208	191	208	Son of Vologases IV (or V)
217	Arsaces XLVII	Osroes II		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	c. 190	c. 195	Probably son of Vologases IV (or V)
218	Arsaces XLVIII	Vologases VI (or VII)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	181 - 228	208	228	Son of Vologases V (or VI)	Killed by Ardashir I
219	Arsaces XLIX	Artabanus IV (or VI)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 226	213	226	Son of Vologases V (or VI)	Killed by Ardashir I
220	Arsaces L	Tiridates IV[56]		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	217	222	Son of Vologases IV (or V)	He was also king of Armenia
Sassanid dynasty, 224-c. 670 AD
221	Ardashir I			Shahanshah[57]	? - sept. 241	April 28, 224	sept. 241	Son of Papak son of Sasan
222	Shapur I			Shahanshah	215 - April 273	April 12, 240	April 273	Son of Ardashir I
223	Hormizd I	Hormozd-Ardashir		Shahanshah, Vozorg Armananshah[58]	? - April 274	April 273	April 274	Son of Shapur I
224	Bahram I			Shahanshah, Gilanshah	? - July 277	April 274	July 277	Son of Shapur I
225	Bahram II			Shahanshah	? - 294	July 277	293	Son of Bahram I
226	Bahram III			Shahanshah, Sakanshah	? - 293	293	293	Son of Bahram II	Deposed
227	Narseh I			Shahanshah, Vozorg Armananshah	? - 302	293	302	Son of Shapur I
228	Hormizd II			Shahanshah	? - feb. 310	302	feb. 310	Son of Narseh I	Killed in battle with Arabs
229	Narseh II	Adur-narseh		Shahanshah	? - March 310	Feb. 310	March 310	Son of Hormizd II	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
230	Shapur II			Shahanshah, Huyah Sonba[59]	March 310 - 379	March 310	379	Son of Hormizd II
231	Ardashir II			Shahanshah	? - 383	379	383	Son of Shapur II
232	Shapur III			Shahanshah	? - Dec. 388	383	Dec. 388	Son of Shapur II
233	Bahram IV			Shahanshah, Kermanshah	? - 399	Dec. 388	399	Son of Shapur II
234	Yazdegerd I			Shahanshah	363 - Jan. 21, 421	399	Jan. 21, 421	Son of Shapur III	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
235	Shapur IV			Shahanshah, Armananshah	? - Feb. 421	Feb. 421	Feb. 421	Son of Yazdegerd I	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
236	Bahram V			Shahanshah, Goor	391 - June 20, 439	421	June 20, 439	Son of Yazdegerd I
237	Yazdegerd II			Shahanshah	? - Dec. 15, 456	June 20, 439	Dec. 15, 456	Son of Bahram V
238	Hormizd III			Shahanshah	399 - 459	457	459	Son of Yazdegerd II	Killed by Peroz I
239	Peroz I			Shahanshah	? - Jan. 484	457	Jan. 484	Son of Yazdegerd II	Killed in battle with Hephthalites
240	Balash			Shahanshah	? - 488	Feb. 484	488	Son of Yazdegerd II
241	Kavadh I			Shahanshah	449 - 531	488	496	Son of Peroz I	Deposed
242	Djamasp			Shahanshah	? - 502	496	498	Son of Peroz I	Deposed
241	Kavadh I			Shahanshah	449 - Sept. 13, 531	498	Sept. 13, 531	Son of Peroz I
243	Khosrau I			Shahanshah, Anushiravan, The Just	500 - Jan. 31 579	Sept. 13, 531	Jan. 31 579	Son of Kavadh I
244	Hormizd IV			Shahanshah, Torkzad	528 - 590	Jan. 31 579	Sept. 5, 590	Son of Khosrau I	Killed by Vistahm
245	Khosrau II			Shahanshah, Aparviz	550 - 628	Sept. 590	Sept. 590	Son of Hormizd IV	Deposed and went to Rome
246	Bahram VI			Shahanshah, Chubineh	? - 592	Sept. 590	Jan. 591	Son of Bahram-Goshnasp from House of Mihran	Killed by Turks
245	Khosrau II			Shahanshah, Aparviz	550 - 628	Jan. 591	Feb. 25, 628	Son of Hormizd IV	Killed by Kavadh II
247	Vistahm			Shahanshah, Peroz	? - 596	592	596	Son of Shapur from House of Espandyad. He was uncle of Khosrau II & husband of Gorduyah sister of Bahram VI	Killed by his wife Gorduyah sister of Bahram VI
248	Hormizd V			Shahanshah	? - ?	?593	?593	Probably son of Vistahm & Gorduyah sister of Bahram VI
249	Kavadh II	Shiruyah		Shahanshah	? - Sept. 15, 628	Feb. 25, 628	Sept. 15, 628	Son of Khosrau II
250	Ardashir III			Shahanshah	598 - April 27, 630	Sept. 15, 628	April 27, 630	Son of Kavadh II	Killed by Farrokhan
251	Farrokhan			Shahanshah, Shahrvaraz, Rumi-zan	? - June 9, 630	April 27, 630	June 9, 630	Son of Ardashir from House of Varaz. He was husband of Boran daughter of Khosrau II	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
252	Khosrau III			Shahanshah	? - ?	May 630	after July 635	Son of Kavadh son of Hormizd IV
253	Boran			Shahbano[60]	590 - Oct. 631	June 630	Oct. 631	Daughter of Khosrau II & Wife of Farrokhan
254	Peroz II	Goshnasp-Bandeh		Shahanshah	? - Dec. 631	Oct. 631	Dec. 631	Son of Mihran-Goshnasp & Chaharbakht who was daughter of Yazdandad son of Khosrau I. Probably he was also husband of Azarmidokht	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
255	Khosrau IV			Shahanshah	? - Dec. 631	Dec. 631	Dec. 631	Brother of Peroz II	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
256	Azarmidokht			Shahbano	? - April 632	Dec. 631	April 632	Daughter of Khosrau II & probably wife of Peroz II	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
257	Hormizd VI			Shahanshah	? - ?	April 632	after July 633	Son of Kavadh II	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
258	Khosrau V	Farrokhzad		Shahanshah	? - Oct. 632	April 632	Oct. 632	Son of Khosrau II	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
259	Yazdegerd III			Shahanshah	? - 652	Oct. 632	652	Son of Shahryar son of Khosrau II	Killed
262	Peroz III			Shahanshah	? - before 673	652	after 670	Son of Yazdegerd III

Arab Caliphs, 641-946 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Rashidun Caliphs, 641-692 AD
260	Umar I			Abu Hafş, Al-Farouq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	590 - 644	641	644	son of Khattab. Also he was father of Hafşa wife of Muhammad	Second caliph in Medina from 633 AD. Killed
261	Uthman			Abu Amr, Zonnurain, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	579 - 656	644	656	son of Affan of Umayyad clan of Quraish	Killed
263	Ali			Ab ol-Hasan, Al-Mortaza, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin, Great Imam	598 - 661	656	661	son of Abu Talib. He was also son-in-law of Muhammad	Killed
264	Hasan			Abu Mohammad, Al-Mojtaba, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin, Great Imam	625 - 670	661	661	son of Imam Ali	Abdicated
268	Abdollah			Caliph	624 - 692	684	692	son of Zubayr son of Safiah aunt of Muhammad	killed by Hajjaj ibn Yusif
Umayyad Caliphs, 661–750
265	Muawiyah I			Abu Abdollah, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		661	680	son of Abu Sofyan cousin of Muhammad
266	Yazid I			Abu Khalid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		680	683	son of Muawiyah I
267	Muawiya II			Abu Abd or-Rahman, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		683	684	son of Yazid I	Abdicated (?)
269	Marwan I			Abu Abd ol-Malik, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		684	685	son of Hakam cousin of Muawiyah I	Killed by his wife
270	Abd ol-Malik			Ab ol-Walid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		685	705	son of Marwan I
271	Walid I			Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		705	715	son of Abd ol-Malik
272	Suleiman			Ab Ayyub, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		715	717	son of Abd ol-Malik
273	Umar II			Abu Hafş, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		717	720	son of Abd ol-Aziz son of Marwan I
274	Yazid II			Abu Khalid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		720	724	son of Abd ol-Malik
275	Hisham			Ab ol-Walid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		724	743	son of Abd ol-Malik
276	Walid II			Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		743	744	son of Yazid II
277	Yazid III			Abu Khalid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		744	744	son of Walid I and Shahfarand daughter of Peroz III	Killed
278	Ebrahim			Abu Is'haq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		744	744	son of Walid I	Killed
279	Marwan II			Abu Abd ol-Malik, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		744	750	son of Mohammad son of Marwan I	Ruled from Harran in the Jazira. Killed by Saffah
Abbasid Caliphs, 750–946
280	Saffah	Abdollah		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		750	754	son of Mohammad son of Ali son of Abdollah, a cousin of Muhammad
281	Mansur	Abdollah		Abu Ja'far, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		754	775	brother of Saffah
282	Mahdi	Mohammd		Abu Abdellah, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		775	785	son of Mansur
283	Hadi	Musa		Abu Mohammd, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		785	786	son of Mahdi
284	Rashid	Harun		Abu Ja'far, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		786	809	son of Mahdi
285	Amin	Mohammad		Abu Abdollah, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		809	813	son of Rashid	Killed by Ma'mun
286	Ma'mun	Abdollah		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		813	833	son of Rashid
287	Mo'tasem	Mohammad		Abu Is'haq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		833	842	son of Rashid
288	Wathiq	Harun		Abu Ja'far, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		842	847	son of Mo'tasem
289	Motevakkil	Ja'far		Ab ol-Fazl, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		847	861	son of Mo'tasem	Killed by Montaser
290	Montaser	Mohammad		Abu Ja'far, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		861	862	son of Motevakkil
291	Mosta'in	Ahmad		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		862	866	son of Mohammad son of Mo'tasem	Deposed and later killed
292	Mo'taz	Zobayr		Abu Abdellah, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		866	869	son of Motevakkil	Deposed and later killed
293	Mohtadi	Mohammad		Abu Is'haq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		869	870	son of Wathiq
294	Mo'tamed	Ahmad		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		870	892	son of Motevakkil
295	Mo'tazed	Ahmad		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		892	902	son of Talhat el-Movaffaq son of Motevakkil
296	Moktafi	Ali		Abu Mohammad, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		902	908	son of Mo'tazed
297	Moqtader	Ja'far		Ab ol-Fazl, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		908	932	son of Mo'tazed	Killed
298	Qaher	Mohammad		Abu Mansur, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		932	934	son of Mo'tazed	Deposed and blinded
300	Razi	Mohammad		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		934	940	son of Moqtader
302	Mottaqi	Ebrahim		Abu Is'haq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		940	944	son of Moqtader	Deposed and blinded
304	Mostakfi	Abdollah		Ab ol-Qasem, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		944	946	son of Moktafi	Deposed and blinded by Mo'ez o-dowleh

Buyid Empire, 933-1062 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Diylamids of Fars, 933–1062 AD
299	Emad od-Dowleh	Ali		Abolhasan, Emir	?892 - 949	933	949	son of Buyeh
305	Azad od-Dowleh	Panah Khosrow		Abushoja', Emir	937 - 982	949	982	son of Rokn od-Dowleh
309	Sharaf od-Dowleh	Shirdel		Abolfavares, Emir	962 - 989	982	989	son of Azad od-Dowleh
313	Shams od-Dowleh			Abuali, Emir	? - 989	989	989	son of Sharaf od-Dowleh
310	Samsam od-Dowleh	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	964 - 998	989	998	son of Azad od-Dowleh
316	Nur od-Dowleh	Salar		Emir	? - 1000?	998	999	son of Izz od-Dowleh
312	Baha' od-Dowleh	Firuz		Abunasr, Emir	970 - 1012	999	1012	son of Azad od-Dowleh
317	Soltan od-Dowleh			Abushoja', Emir	992 - 1024	1012	1024	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
320	Qavam od-Dowleh	Shirdel		Abolfavares, Emir	999 - 1028	1024	1026	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
322	Emad od-Din	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	?1011 - 1048	1026	1048	son of Soltan od-Dowleh
325		Fuladsotun		Abumansur, Emir	? - ?	1048	1048	son of Emad od-Din
326	Malek or-Rahim	Khosrow Firuz		Abunasr, Emir	? - 1058	1048	1050	son of Emad od-Din
325		Fuladsotun		Abumansur, Emir	? - ?	1050	1051	son of Emad od-Din
327		Khosrow Shah		Abusa'id, Emir	? - ?	1051	1053	son of Emad od-Din
325		Fuladsotun		Abumansur, Emir	? - ?	1053	1062	son of Emad od-Din
Diylamids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamedan, 935–c. 1038 AD
301	Rokn od-Dowleh	Hasan		Abuali, Emir	898 - 976	935	976	son of Buyeh
307	Mo'ayyed od-Dowleh	Buyeh		Abumansur, Emir	941 - 983	976	983	son of Rokn od-Dowleh
308	Fakhr od-Dowleh	Ali		Abolhasan, Emir	952 - 997	976	997	son of Rokn od-Dowleh	From 976 to 979 only in Rey. From 979 to 983 in exile.
314	Majd od-Dowleh	Rostam		Abutaleb, Emir	993 - 1029	997	1029	son of Fakhr od-Dowleh	Only in Rey
315	Shams od-Dowleh	Shah Khosrow		Abutaher, Emir	? - 1021	997	1021	son of Fakhr od-Dowleh	Only in Isfahan and Hamedan
319	Sama' od-Dowleh	Ali		Abolhasan, Emir	? - 1023	1021	1023	son of Shams od-Dowleh	Only in Hamedan
324		Panah Khosrow		Abukalijar, Emir	? - ?	c. 1036	c. 1038	son of Majd od-Dowleh	Only in Rey
Diylamids of Iraq and Khuzistan, 945–c. 1055 AD
303	Mo'ez od-Dowleh	Ahmad		Abolhosein, Emir	915 - 966	945	966	son of Buyeh
306	Izz od-Dowleh	Bakhtiar		Abumansur, Emir	943 - 977	966	977	son of Mo'ez od-Dowleh
305	Azad od-Dowleh	Panah Khosrow		Abushoja', Emir	937 - 982	977	982	son of Rokn od-Dowleh
310	Samsam od-Dowleh	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	964 - 998	982	986	son of Azad od-Dowleh
311	Sharaf od-Dowleh	Shirdel		Abolfavares, Emir	962 - 989	986	989	son of Azad od-Dowleh
312	Baha' od-Dowleh	Firuz		Abunasr, Emir	970 - 1012	989	1012	son of Azad od-Dowleh
317	Soltan od-Dowleh			Abushoja', Emir	992 - 1024	1012	1021	son of Baha od-Dowleh
318	Mosharraf od-Dowleh	Hasan		Abuali, Emir	1002–1025	1021	1025	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
321	Jalal od-Dowleh	Shirdel (or Firuz Khosrow)		Abutaher, Emir	994 - 1043	1025	1025	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
322	Emad od-Din	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	?1011 - 1048	1025	1027	son of Soltan od-Dowleh
321	Jalal od-Dowleh	Shirdel (or Firuz Khosrow)		Abutaher, Emir	994 - 1043	1027	1043	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
322	Emad od-Din	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	?1011 - 1048	1043	1048	son of Soltan od-Dowleh
326	Malek or-Rahim	Khosrow Firuz		Abunasr, Emir	? - 1058	1048	1055	son of Emad od-Din

Seljuq Empire, 1029–1194

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Seljuq Empire, 1029–1194
323	Toğrül I	Mohammad		Rukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Beg, Sultan	995 - 1063	1029	1063	son of Mikayil son of Seljuq
328	Alp Arslan	Mohammad	80px	Azad od-Dowleh, Abushoja', Sultan	1039–1072	1063	1072	son of Chaghri Beg Dawud brother of Toğrül I	Killed by a captured soldier
329	Malik Shah I	Hasan		Jalal od-Dowleh, Abolfat'h, Sultan	1055–1092	1072	1092	son of Alp Arslan	Killed by Assassins
330	Mahmud I			Nasir od-Din, abolqasem, Sultan	1086–1094	1092	1094	son of Malik Shah I
331	Barkiyaruq	Mohammad		Rukn od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan	1080–1105	1094	1105	son of Malik Shah I
333	Malik Shah II			Mu'izz od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	1101 - ?	1105	1105	son of Barkiyaruq	Deposed & blinded by Mehmed I
334	Mehmed I	Tapar		Ghiyath od-Din, Abushoja', Sultan	1082–1118	1105	1118	son of Malik Shah I
332	Sanjar	Ahmad		Mu'izz od-Din, Abolhareth, Sultan	1087–1157	1097	1157	son of Malik Shah I
335	Mahmud II			Moghith od-Din, Sultan	1104–1131	1118	1131	son of Mehmed I
336	Dawud			Moghith od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	? - 1132	1131	1132	son of Mahmud II
337	Toğrül II			Rukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Sultan	1109–1134	1132	1134	son of Mehmed I
338	Mas'ud			Ghiath od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	1109–1152	1134	1152	son of Mehmed I
339	Malik Shah III			Moghith od-Din, Sultan	1128–1160	1152	1153	son of Mahmud II
340	Mohammad II			Ghith od-Din, Abushoja', Sultan	1128–1160	1153	1160	son of Mahmud II
343	Süleyman Shah			Mu'izz od-Din, Abolhareth, Sultan	1118–1162	1160	1161	son of Mehmed I	Deposed
344	Arsalan			Rukn od-Din, Sultan	1134–1176	1161	1176	son of Toğrül II
347	Toğrül III			Rukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Sultan	? - 1194	1176	1194	son of Arsalan	Killed

Khwārazm-Shāh Empire, 1153–1231

An empire built from Khwarezm, covering part of Iran and neighbouring Central Asia. For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Khwārazm-Shāh Empire, 1153–1231
341	Atsiz			Ala' od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan	? - 1156	1153	1156	son of Muhammad I of Khwarazm	Ruling in Khwārazm from 1127
342	Il-Arslan			Taj od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	? - 1171	1156	1172	son of Atsiz
345	Soltanshah	Mahmud		Jalal od-Din, Abolqasem, Sultan	? - 1172	1172	1193	son of Il-Arslan
346	Tekish			Ala' od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan	? - 1199	1172	1200	son of Il-Arslan
348	Mohammad			Ala' od-Din, Qotb od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	? - 1221	1200	1221	son of Tekish
349	Mingburnu			Jalal od-Din, Sultan	? - 1231	1220	1231	son of Mohammad II	Killed

Mongol Empire, 1230-1357 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
The Great Khans, 1221–1256
350	Genghis	Temuchin		Khan, Qa'an	1162–1227	1221	1227	son of Yesugei Baghatur	Ruling in Mongolia from 1206
	Tolui			Khan	1192–1232	August 25, 1227	September 13, 1229	son of Genghis	Regent
351	Ögedei			Khan, Qa'an	c. 1186 – December 11, 1241	September 13, 1229	December 11, 1241	son of Genghis
	Töregene			Khatun	? – ?	1242	1246	Wife of Ögedei	Regent
352	Güyük			Khan, Qa'an	c. 1206–1248	1246	1248	son of Ögedei and Töregene
	Oghul Qaimish			Khatun	? – ?	1248	1251	Wife of Güyük	Regent
353	Möngke			Khan, Qa'an	January 10, 1209 – August 11, 1259	July 1, 1251	August 11, 1259	son of Tolui
Ilkhanate, 1256–1357
354	Hulagu			Khan, Ilkhan	c. 1217 – 8 February 1265	1256	8 February 1265	son of Tolui
355	Abaqa			Khan, Ilkhan	1234–1282	1265	April 1, 1282	son of Hulagu
356	Tekuder	Nicholas, Ahmad		Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – 1284	1282	1284	son of Hulagu	Killed
357	Arghun			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	c. 1258 – March 7, 1291	1284	March 7, 1291	son of Abaqa
358	Gaykhatu			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – 1295	1291	1295	son of Abaqa	Killed
359	Baydu			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – 1295	1295	1295	son of Toghay son of Hulagu	Killed
360	Ghazan	Mahmud		Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	1271–1304	1295	1304	son of Arghun
361	Öljaitü	Mohammad		Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Khodabandeh	1280 - December 16, 1316	1304	December 16, 1316	son of Arghun
362	Abu Sa'id			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Ala' od-Din, Bahador	June 2, 1305 – December 1, 1335	1316	December 1, 1335	son of Öljaitü
363	Arpa	Mahmud		Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Kauen, Mo'ezz od-Din	? – 1336	1335	April 10, 1336	son of Suseh son of Munkqan son of Malektemur son of Eriqbuka son of Tolui	Killed
364	Musa			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Naser od-Din	? – 1337	April 12, 1336	1337	son of Ali son of Baydu
365	Mohammad			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Mozaffar od-Din	? – 1338	1336	1338	son of Yul Qotloq son of Il Temur son of Ambarji son of Mengu Temur son of Hulagu
366	Sati beg			Khatun	c.1300 – after 1345	1338	1339	daughter of Öljaitü
367	Jahan Temur			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Izz od-Din	? – ?	1339	1340	son of Ala-Fireng son of Gaykhatu
368	Soleiman			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – ?	May 1339	1345	Husband of Sati beg. Also he was son of Yusef Shah son of Soga son of Yeshmut son of Hulagu
369	Togha Temür			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – 1353	1335	1353	son of Sudi son of Bababahathor son of Abokan son of Amakan son of Tur son of Jujiqisar son of Yesugei Baghatur
370	Anushirwan			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Adel	? – ?	1344	1357	?

Rival Dynasties, 1332-1501 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Sarbadars, 1332-1386

1. Abd al-Razzaq ibn Fazlullah (1332–1338)
2. Wajih ad-Din Masud ibn Fazlullah (1338–1343)
3. Muhammad Ay Temur (1343–1346)
4. Kaba Isfendiyar (1346–1347)
5. Lutf Allah (1347-1348 d.1361)
6. Khwaja Tadj ad-Din Ali (1348–1353)
7. Yahya ibn Karawi (1353–1358)
8. Zahir ad-Din (1358–1359)
9. Haidar al-Qassab (1359–1360)
10. Lutf Allah (restored) (1360–1361)
11. Hasan al-Damghani (1361–1364)
12. Khwaja 'Ali-yi Mu'ayyad ibn Masud (1364-1376 d.1386)
13. Rukn ad-Din (1376–1379)
14. Khwaja 'Ali-yi Mu'ayyad ibn Masud (restored) (1379–1386)

Chupanids, 1335–1357

1. Chupan
2. Bagdad Katun
3. Hasan Kucek
4. Malek Ashraf

Jalayirids, 1335–1432

1. Hasan Buzurg (1336–1356)
2. Shaikh Uvais I (1356–1374)
3. Hasan (1374)
4. Husain I (1374–1382)
5. Bayazid (1382–1383)
6. Ahmad (1383–1410)
7. Shah Walad (1410–1411)
8. Mahmud (1411–1415)
9. Uwais II (1415–1421)
10. Mohammed (1421–1422)
11. Mahmud II (1422–1424)
12. Husain II (1424–1432)

Injuids, 1335–1357

1. Sharaf al-Din Mahmud Shah (1304–1325)
2. Amir Ghiyas al-Din Kai-Khusrau (1336–1338/9)
3. Amir Jalal al-Din Mas'ud Shah (in opposition to Kai-Khusrau) (c. 1338–c. 1342)
4. Shams al-Din Muhammad (in opposition to Mas'ud Shah) (1339)
5. Shaikh Abu Ishaq (c. 1343–1357)

Muzaffarids, 1314–1393

1. Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar, Emir 1314–1358
2. Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1335–1364 with...
3. Qutb Al-Din Shah Mahmud (at Isfahan) ( d. 1375), 1358–1366
4. Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1366–1384
5. Mujahid ad-Din Zain Al-Abidin 'Ali, 1384–1387
   • In 1387 Timur captured Isfahan.
6. Imad ad-Din Sultan Ahmad (at Kerman), 1387–1391 with...
7. Mubariz ad-Din Shah Yahya (at Shiraz), 1387–1391 and...
8. Sultan Abu Ishaq (in Sirajan), 1387–1391
9. Shah Mansur (at Isfahan), 1391–1393

Kara Koyunlu, 1375–1468

1. 1378/9 to c.1388
2. Abu Nasr Qara Yusuf Nuyan ibn Muhammad, c.1388 to 1399/1400 and 1405/6 to 1420/1
3. Qara Iskander ibn Yusuf, 1420/1 to 1436
4. Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf, 1436 to 10 November 1467
5. Hasan ’Ali ibn Jahan Shah, November 1467 to 1468

Ak Koyunlu, 1378–1508

1. Kara Yülük Osman, 1378/9 to 1435/6
2. Hamza, 1435/6 to 1444/5
3. Nur al-Din ‘Ali ibn Qara Yülük, 1435/6 to 1438
4. M‘uizz al-Din Jihangir ibn ‘Ali ibn Qara Yülük, 1444/5 to 1453/4
5. Uzun Hasan ibn ‘Ali, 1453/4 to 1478/9
6. Khalil ibn Uzun Hasan, 1478/9 to 1479/80
7. Y‘aqub ibn Uzun Hasan, 1479/80 to 1490/1
8. Baisonqur ibn Y‘aqub, 1490/1 to 1491/2
9. Rustam ibn Maqsud, 1491/2 to 1496/7
10. Ahmad Gövde ibn Muhammad, 1496/7 to 1497/8
11. Murad ibn Ya‘qub, 1497/8 to 1499/1500
12. Alwand ibn Yusuf, 1499/1500 to 1500/01
13. Muhammad Mirza ibn Yusuf, 1499/1500 to 1500/01
14. Muhammad Mirza ibn Yusuf, 1500/01 to 1501/2
15. Murad ibn Ya‘qub, 1501/2 to 1508 (second term)

Timurid dynasty, 1380–1507

1. Timur ("Tamerlane"), 1369–1405, nominally under the authority of the Chagatai Khanate
2. Pir Muhammad, grandson of Timur, 1392–1407, effectively ruled from Qandahar
3. Djalal Ud-Din Miran Shah, son of Timur, 1405–1408, ruled Azerbaijan
4. Rustam, 1405–1409, ruled Arabistan
5. Khalil Sultan (Timurid dynasty), son of Miran Shah, 1405–1409, ruled in Samarkand, surrendered to Shah Rukh, became governor of Rayy until his death in 1411
6. Shah Rukh, son of Timur, 1405–1447, ruled first in Transoxiana
   • Ayyal, 1414, opposed Shah Rukh
   • Ailankar, 1414–1415, opposed Shah Rukh
7. Bayqara, 1409–1412, ruled in Fars
8. Iskandar, 1412–1414, ruled first in Fars, then Azerbaijan & Arabistan
   • In 1410 the Turcoman horde Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep) captured Baghdad and their leaders ruled the western parts of the Timurid realm. In the East however, Shah Rukh was able to secure his rule in Transoxiana and Fars.
9. Ulugh Beg, son of Shah Rukh, 1447–1449

Rulers in Transoxiana:

1. Abd al-Latif ibn Muhammad Taraghay Ulughbek, son of Ulugh Beg, 1449–1450
2. 'Abdullah Mirza, grandson of Shah Rukh, 1450–1451
3. Abu Sa'id ibn Muhammad, grandson of Miran Shah, 1451–1469, conquered Khurasan in 1459

Rulers in Khurasan:

1. Babur Ibn-Baysunkur, grandson of Shah Rukh, 1449–1457
2. Shah Mahmud, son of Babur, 1457
3. Ibrahim, 1457
4. Jahan Shah, leader of the Black Sheep Turcomans, 1457–1458

Abu Sa'id, agreed to divide Iran with the Black Sheep Turcomans under Jahan Shah, but the White Sheep Turcomans under Uzun Hassan defeated and killed first Jahan Shah and then Abu Sa'id.

After Abu Sa'id's death a fourth era of fragmentation follows. While the White Sheep Turcomans dominated in the western parts until the ascent of the Safavid dynasty, the Timurides could maintain their rule in Samarkand and Herat.

Rulers in Samarkand:

1. Sultan Ahmad, son Abu Sa'id, 1469–1494
2. Sultan Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id, 1494–1495
3. Masud, 1495
4. Sultan Baysunghur, 1495–1497
5. Sultan Ali Mirza 1495–1500

conquered by the Uzbeks

Rulers in Herat:

1. Sultan Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id, 1469
2. Husayn Bayqarah, 1469–1506
3. Badi' al-Zaman, son of Husayn, 1506–1507, fled to the court of Ismail I

conquered by the Uzbeks, later recaptured by the Safavids

Modern Empire, 1501-1979 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Safavid dynasty, 1501–1786
1	Ismail I			Shah, Sultan	1487–1524	7 November 1502	23 May 1524	son of Sultan Heidar
2	Tahmasp I			Shah, Sahib-i-Qiran, Sultan bar Salatin	1514–1576	23 May 1525	25 May 1576	son of Ismail I
3	Ismail II			Shah	1537–1577	25 May 1576	24 November 1577	son of Tahmasp I	Poisoned (?)
4	Mohammad I			Khodabandeh, Ashraf, Soltan	1532–1596	25 May 1576	1 October 1587	son of Tahmasp I	Deposed
5	Abbas I			Shahanshah, Sultan, Great	1571–1629	1 October 1587	19 January 1629	son of Mohammad I
6	Safi	Sam Mirza		Shah, Mirza	1611–1642	19 January 1629	12 May 1642	son of Mohammd Baqer (Safi) Mirza son of Abbas I
7	Abbas II			Shah	1632–1666	12 May 1642	26 October 1666	son of Safi
8	Suleiman I	Safi Mirza		Shah, Hakem-ol Hokama	1645–1694	26 October 1666	29 July 1694	son of Abbas II
9	Sultan Husayn I			Shah, Sultan, Sadr-ol Hakem	1668–1726	29 July 1694	11 September 1722	son of Suleiman I	Deposed & then killed by Mahmud
11	Tahmasp II			Shah	1704–1740	11 September 1722	16 April 1732	son of Sultan Husayn I	Deposed & then killed by Nader
13	Ahmad			Shah, Sultan	1687–1728	28 September 1726	30 March 1728	son of Mirza Abolqasem son of Shahrbanu Beigom daughter of Suleiman I	Killed by Ashraf
14	Abbas III			Shah	1730–1739	16 April 1732	22 January 1736	son of Tahmasp II	Under control of Nader. Deposed & then killed by Nader
16	Sam			Shah	?–1743	1743	1743	son of Sultan Husayn I (?)	Usurper. Killed by Nader
20	Ismail III	Mirza Abutorab		Shah	?–1772	1749	1749	son of Maryam Beigom (or Khan Agha Beigom) daughter of Sultan Husayn I	Under control of Karim Khan Zand. Deposed
21	Suleiman II	Seyyed Mohammad		Shah	1723 or 1725–?	1749	1750	son of Shahrbanu Beigom daughter of Suleiman I	Deposed & blinded by Shahrokh
20	Ismail III	Mirza Abutorab		Shah	?–1772	1752	1756	son of Maryam Beigom (or Khan Agha Beigom) daughter of Sultan Husayn I	Under control of Karim Khan Zand. Deposed
23	Sultan Husayn II			Shah	?–1753	1753	1753	son of Sultan Husayn I (?)	Usurper. Killed
30	Mohammd II	Abolfat'h Sultan Muhammd Mirza		Shah	?–?	1786	1786	son of Sultan Husayn Mirza son of Tahmasp II	Under control of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Hotaki dynasty, 1722–1729
10	Mahmud			Shah		1722	1725
12	Ashraf			Shah		1725	1729		Killed
Afsharid dynasty,[61] 1736–1796
15	Nader	Nadhar Qoli Khan		Shah, Sultan, Hakem-ol Hokama, Hazrat-e Ashraf	1698–1747	22 January 1736	19 June 1747	son of Imam Qoli Beig Afshar	Before crowning his title was Tahmasp Qoli Khan. Killed
17	Adel	Ali Qoli Beig		Shah	1719/20–1749	19 June 1747	29 July 1748	son of Mohammad Ebrahim Khan brother of Nader	Deposed, blinded & then killed by Ebrahim
18	Ebrahim	Mohammd Ali Beig		Shah	1724–1749	29 July 1748	3 September 1748	son of Mohammad Ebrahim Khan brother of Nader	Deposed & then killed by Shahrokh
19	Shahrokh			Shah	1734–1796	3 September 1748	1796	son of Reza Qoli Mirza son of Nader. His mother was Fatemeh Soltan Beigom daughter of Sultan Husayn I Safavi	Deposed & blinded by Suleiman II (1749), restored (1750) & finally killed by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Zand dynasty,[62] 1751–1794
22	Karim	Mohammad Karim		Khan, Vakil e-Ra'aayaa	1705–1779	1751	6 March 1779	son of Inaq Khan & Bay Agha
24	Mohammad Ali			Khan	1760–1779	6 March 1779	19 June 1779	son of Karim
25	Abolfat'h			Khan	1755–1787	6 March 1779	22 August 1779	son of Karim
26	Zaki			Khan	?–22 August 1779	6 March 1779	22 August 1779	son of Budaq Khan & Bay Agha
27	Sadeq	Mohammad Sadeq		Khan	?–1782	22 August 1779	14 March 1781	son of Inaq Khan & Bay Agha
28	Ali Morad			Khan	1720–1785	14 March 1781	11 February 1785	son of Allah Morad (Qeytas) Khan Zand Hazareh
29	Ja'far			Khan	?–1789	18 February 1785	23 January 1789	son of Sadeq
31	Şeyd Morad			Khan	?–1789	23 January 1789	10 May 1789	son of Khoda Morad Khan Zand Hazareh
32	Lotf Ali			Khan	1769–1794	23 January 1789	20 March 1794	son of Ja'far	Deposed, blinded & then killed by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Qajar dynasty,[63] 1794–1925
33	Mohammad	Agha Mohammad Khan		Khan, Shah, Khaqan	1742–1797	20 March 1794	17 June 1797	Son of Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar	Killed
34	Fat'h Ali	Baba Khan		Shah, Khaqan, Soltane Saheb Qaran	1772–1834	17 June 1797	23 October 1834	son of Hosein Qoli Khan Jahansuz brother of Mohammad
35	Mohammad			Shah, Khaqan	1808–1848	23 October 1834	5 September 1848	son of Abbas Mirza Nayeb os-Saltaneh son of Fat'h Ali
	Mahd-e Olia			Mahd-e Olia	1814–1888	5 September 1848	5 October 1848	wife of Mohammad	Regent
36	Naser ed-Din			Shah, Khaqan, Soltane Saheb Qaran	1831–1896	5 October 1848	1 May 1896	son of Mohammad and Mahd-e Olia	Killed
37	Mozaffar ed-Din			Shah, Khaqan	1853–1907	1 May 1896	3 January 1907	son of Naser ed-Din
38	Mohammd Ali			Shah	1872–1925	3 January 1907	16 July 1909	son of Mozaffar ed-Din	Deposed
39	Ahmad			Shah	1898–1930	16 July 1909	15 December 1925	son of Mohammd Ali	Deposed
Pahlavi dynasty, 1925–1979
40	Reza			Shahanshah	1878–1944	15 December 1925	16 September 1941	Son of Abbas Ali	Deposed
41	Mohammad Reza			Shahanshah, Ariamehr, Bozorg Arteshtaran, Khodaygan	1919–1980	16 September 1941	11 February 1979	son of Reza	Deposed

Notes and references

1. ^ Cameron, 1936; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997.
2. ^ The Elamites were a people located in southwestern Iran, in what is now Khuzestan, Ilam, Fars, Bushehr, Lorestan, Bakhtiari and Kohgiluyeh provinces. Their language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and they were the geographic precursors of the Persian/Median empire that later appeared.
3. ^ Awan's geographical site is unknown. But it is very probable that it was near Poshtkuh of Lorestan.
4. ^ The first three kings of Awan were also kings of Mesopotamia.
5. ^ Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat "Elam ...", 1998.
6. ^ Cameron, 1936.
7. ^ Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat "Elam ...", 1998.
8. ^ Potts, 1999.
9. ^ Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997.
10. ^ Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat "Elam ...", 1998.
11. ^ Hinz, 1972.
12. ^ Some archaeologists have suggested that Simashki was located in the north of Elam and Anshan near modern Isfahan.
13. ^ Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat "Elam ...", 1998.
14. ^ Potts, 1999.
15. ^ Potts, 1999.
16. ^ Potts, 1999.
17. ^ Hinz, 1972.
18. ^ Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
19. ^ Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
20. ^ "Ruhushak" means son of sister but probably it refers to a dynastical marriage between siblings. See Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
21. ^ Potts, 1999.
22. ^ Cameron, 1936.
23. ^ Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
24. ^ Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
25. ^ Vallat , Francois. Elam: The History of Elam.
26. ^ Vallat , Francois. Elam: The History of Elam.
27. ^ Vallat , Francois. Elam: The History of Elam.
28. ^ Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
29. ^ Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
30. ^ He was also king of Babylon.
31. ^ Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Vallat, 1995; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998; Reade, 2000; Henkelman, 2003; Tavernier, 2004.
32. ^ Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran
33. ^ Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran
34. ^ "King of Kings"
35. ^ The Seleucid Dynasty gradually lost control of Persia. In 253, the Arsacid Dynasty established itself in Parthia. The Parthians gradually expanded their control, until by the mid 2nd century BC, the Seleucids had completely lost control of Persia. There were more Seleucid rulers of Syria and, for a time, Babylonia, after Antiochus IV, but none had any effective power in Persia.
36. ^ Assar, 2004.Assar, 2005. Assar, "Moses of Choren & the Early Parthian Chronology", 2006.
37. ^ Assar, 2004.Assar, 2005. Assar, "Moses of Choren & the Early Parthian Chronology", 2006.
38. ^ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
39. ^ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
40. ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
41. ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
42. ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
43. ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
44. ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
45. ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
46. ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C."
47. ^ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
48. ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 B.C." Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
49. ^ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
50. ^ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
51. ^ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
52. ^ Ghashghai, H.R., "The successors of Mithridates II"
53. ^ Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Ch.8.4
54. ^ Tacitus, The Annals, 11.10
55. ^ See: Unknown King (III) (c. A.D. 140)
56. ^ See: Tiridates III (c. A.D. 224 - 228?)
57. ^ In Persian it means "King of Kings"
58. ^ "The great king of Armenians"
59. ^ "The penetrator of the shoulders"
60. ^ "Queen"
61. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 7, 1991, p. 960.
62. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 7, 1991, p. 961.
63. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 7, 1991, p. 962.

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See also

• History of Iran
• Persian Empire
• List of ancient Persians
• Shahzada
• Shahbanu