Marwan I

Marwan I
Caliph of the Umayyad dynasty
Reign	684–685
Full name	Marwan ibn al-Hakam
Born	March 28, 623
Died	May 7, 685
Predecessor	Muawiya II
Successor	Abd al-Malik
Dynasty	Umayyad
Father	Hakam ibn Wa'il

Marwan ibn al-Hakam (623–685) (Arabic: مروان بن الحكم‎) was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Hakam, both of whom were grandsons of Umayya (for whom the Umayyad dynasty is named). Hakam was a first cousin of Uthman ibn Affan.

During the "Battle of the Camel" Marwan ibn al-Hakam is said to have shot his general Talhah with an arrow to the thigh, resulting in his death. Marwan killed Talhah in revenge for his alleged betrayal of the third Caliph, Uthman. He was removed from this position by Ali, only to be reappointed by Muawiya I. Marwan was eventually removed from the city when Abdullah ibn Zubayr rebelled against Yazid I. From here, Marwan went to Damascus, where he was made the caliph after Muawiya II abdicated.

Marwan's short reign was marked by a civil war among the Umayyads as well as a war against Abdullah ibn Zubayr who continued to rule over the Hejaz, Iraq, Egypt and parts of Syria. Marwan was able to win the Umayyad civil war, the result of which was a new Marwanid line of Umayyad caliphs. He was also able to recapture Egypt and Syria from Abdullah, but was not able to completely defeat him. Shi'a hold that none of the Umayyad caliphs were legitimate. See Succession to Muhammad for more details.

References

External links

• http://www.dartabligh.org/books/ebooks/Role_vol1/page139.asp

Marwan I Banu Umayya
Regnal titles
Preceded by Muawiyah II	Umayyad Caliph 684–685	Succeeded by Abd al-Malik

Preceded by ?

Governor of Madina 662–669

Succeeded by Said ibn al-As

Preceded by Said ibn al-As

Governor of Madina 674–677

Succeeded by Said ibn al-As

Preceded by Said ibn al-As

Governor of Madina 679–681

Succeeded by Walid ibn Utbah ibn Abi Sufyan

Persondata
Name	Marwan 01
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	623
Place of birth
Date of death	685
Place of death