Saffarid dynasty

Saffarid dynasty

Infobox Former Country
native_name = سلسله صفاریان
conventional_long_name = Saffarid Empire
common_name = Saffarid Empire
continent = Asia
region =
country = Afghanistan
era = Medieval
status =
status_text =
empire =
government_type = Monarchy
year_start = 861
year_end = 1003
event_start =
date_start =
event_end =
date_end =
p1 = Sistan
flag_p1 =
s1 = Ghaznavid Empire
flag_s1 =




flag_type =




image_map_caption = Saffarid Empire at its Greatest Extent
capital = Zaranj
common_languages = Persian
religion =
currency =
leader1 = Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar
leader2 = Khalaf I
year_leader1 = 867-879
year_leader2 = 963-1003
title_leader = Emir

The Saffarid dynasty (Persian: سلسله صفاریان) ruled a empire in Sistan, which is a historical region now in southeastern Iran and southwestern Afghanistan. Their rule was between 861 to 1003. [Nancy Hatch Dupree - An Historical Guide To Afghanistan - "Sites in Perspective (Chapter 3)"... [http://www.zharov.com/dupree/chapter03.html Link] ]

The Saffarid capital was Zaranj (now in Afghanistan). The dynasty was founded by – and took its name from – Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar, a man of humble origins who rose from an obscure beginning as a coppersmith ("saffar") to became a warlord. He seized control of the Seistan region, conquering all of Afghanistan, modern-day eastern Iran, and parts of Pakistan. Using their capital (Zaranj) as base for an aggressive expansion eastwards and westwards, they overthrew the Tahirid dynasty and annexed Khorasan in 873. By the time of Ya'qub's death, he had conquered Kabul Valley, Sind, Tocharistan, Makran (Baluchistan), Kerman, Fars, Khorasan, and nearly reaching Baghdad but then suffered defeat. [Britannica, [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064714 Saffarid dynasty] ] The Saffarid empire did not last long after Ya'qub's death. His brother and successor Amr bin Laith was defeated in a battle with the Samanids in 900. Amr bin Laith was forced to surrender most of their territories to the new rulers. The Saffarids were subsequently confined to their heartland of Sistan, with their role reduced to that of vassals of the Samanids and their successors.

Founding

The Saffarid dynasty started with Ya'qub-i Laith Saffari which as a copper smith moved to the city of Zaranj. After a while he started his campaign as an Ayyar and eventually got the power as to act as an independent ruler. From his capital Zaranj he captured vast lands in Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan.

Rulers of the Saffarid dynasty

*Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar (867-879)
*Amr bin Laith (879-901)
*Tahir I (901-908)
*Laith (908-910)
*Mohammed I of Persia (910-912)
*Amr II (912-913)
*Ahmad I bin Mohammed (922-963)
* "Wali-ud-Dawlah" (a title) Khalaf I (963-1003)

ee also

*History of Afghanistan
*History of Pakistan
*History of Iran
*List of kings of Persia
*List of Muslims

References

External links

* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064714 Britannica - Saffarid Dynasty]
* [http://www.zharov.com/dupree/chapter03.html Nancy Hatch Dupree - An Historical Guide To Afghanistan]


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