One Nation (Australia)

Not to be confused with the One Nation program of infrastructure works carried out from 1991 to 1996 by the Keating Labor Government.

One Nation
Leader	Pauline Hanson (1997–2003)
Founded	11 April 1997
Ideology	Nationalism, Protectionism, Social conservatism, National conservatism,
Website
http://www.onenation.com.au/

One Nation is a far-right and nationalist political party in Australia. It gained 22% of the vote translating to 11 of 89 seats in Queensland's unicameral legislative assembly at the 1998 state election and made major inroads into the vote of the existing parties. Federally, the party peaked at the 1998 election on 9% but progressively lost ground at the 2001 and 2004 elections.

Overview

Pauline Hanson's One Nation was formed in 1997 by Pauline Hanson, David Oldfield and David Ettridge. Hanson, an endorsed Liberal Party candidate for the seat of Oxley at the 1996 federal election, had been disendorsed by the party shortly before the elections due to comments opposing "race-based welfare," made to a local newspaper in Ipswich, Queensland. Oldfield, a councillor on Manly Council in suburban Sydney and at one time an employee of Liberal minister Tony Abbott, was the organisational architect of the new party. He and Ettridge were known as "the two Davids" and were seen as the brains behind Hanson's populist image.^[1]

The name "One Nation" was chosen to signify belief in national unity, in contrast to a perceived increasing division in Australian society allegedly caused by government policies favouring immigrants and indigenous Australians. The term was used in British politics (where it is used in a quite different sense: see One Nation Conservatism), but was last used in Australian political life to describe a tax reform package by the Labor government of Paul Keating, whose urban-based, Asia-centric, free-market, and pro-affirmative action policies were representative of what One Nation voters were opposing.

Believing the other parties to be out of touch with mainstream Australia, One Nation ran on a broadly populist and protectionist platform. It promised to drastically reduce immigration and to abolish "divisive and discriminatory policies ... attached to Aboriginal and multicultural affairs." Condemning multiculturalism as a "threat to the very basis of the Australian culture, identity and shared values", One Nation rallied against government immigration and multicultural policies which, it argued, were leading to "the Asianisation of Australia."^[2] The party also denounced economic rationalism and globalisation, reflecting working-class dissatisfaction with the neo-liberal economic policies embraced by the major parties. Adopting strong protectionist policies, One Nation advocated the restoration of import tariffs, a revival of Australia's manufacturing industry, and an increase in support for small business and the rural sector.^[3]

One Nation became subject to a political campaign by Government MP Tony Abbott who established a trust fund called "Australians for Honest Politics Trust" to help bankroll civil court cases against the Party (see Tony Abbott - Action against One Nation Party). He was also accused of offering funds to One Nation dissident Terry Sharples to support his court battle against the party. Abbott conceded that the political threat One Nation posed to the Howard Government was "a very big factor" in his decision to pursue the legal attack, but he also claimed to be acting "in Australia's national interest".

Electoral performance

One Nation achieved its peak of support in the 1998 Queensland state election, at which the party won 22.7% of the vote and 11 of the 89 seats. In terms of votes One Nation received more than either the Liberal Party or the National Party, and was second only to the ALP. Subsequently, the One Nation contingent in the Queensland Parliament split, with dissident members forming the rival City-Country Alliance in late 1999.

At the 1998 federal election, Hanson, after a redistribution, contested the new seat of Blair instead of Oxley, losing to Liberal candidate Cameron Thompson, and the One Nation candidate in Oxley lost the seat to ALP candidate Bernie Ripoll, but One Nation candidate Heather Hill was elected as a senator for Queensland. Hill's eligibility to sit as a senator was successfully challenged under the Australian Constitution on the basis that she had failed to renounce her childhood British citizenship, despite being a naturalised Australian citizen. The seat subsequently went to the party's Len Harris following a recount. At the 1999 New South Wales election, David Oldfield was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council.

In the 2001 Queensland state election, One Nation won only three seats and 8.69% of the primary vote. The City-Country Alliance won no seats.

At the 2001 state election in Western Australia, One Nation won three seats in the state's Legislative Council. One Nation was unable to obtain any seats in state elections in Victoria, South Australia or Tasmania in the following year.

At the 2001 federal election, the party's vote fell and Hanson failed in her bid to win a Senate seat from Queensland, despite polling a strong 10% of the primary vote. This was largely due to the fact that voters of most other parties were unwilling to favourably preference One Nation, under Australia's preferential voting system. Hanson also failed to win a seat in the New South Wales Legislative Council at the 2003 state election, where she ran as an independent, with the support of the official One Nation party. She polled less than 2% of the vote and subsequently withdrew from the party's leadership.

Internal disputes and decline

Since the 1998 peak, One Nation has been plagued by internal divisions and has split several times. Lawsuits from ex-members forced Hanson to repay approximately A$500,000 of public funding won at the 1998 Queensland election amid claims that the party was fraudulently registered. The suits alleged that the party was undemocratically constituted in order to concentrate all power in the hands of three rulers—Pauline Hanson, David Ettridge and David Oldfield (in particular Oldfield)—and that it technically had only two members: Ettridge and Hanson.

In October 2000, Pauline Hanson expelled David Oldfield, co-founder of One Nation and the sole representative of that party in the NSW state Parliament. Oldfield had been accused of abusing his authority, surping power and setting up alternative political parties under his control. His expulsion created even more instability in a party which was constantly embroiled in scandal and internal strife. Oldfield engineered a split within the party, thereby creating One Nation NSW in 2001. The new party took advantage of electoral party registration laws to register itself as a political party under the 'One Nation' name with the NSW electoral commission, and achieved registration in April 2002. This meant that the original One Nation party was unable to gain registration for NSW elections, and that any candidates which that party chose to represent them at state elections could not use the party name. Consequently, the original One Nation could only contest Federal elections in NSW under the 'One Nation' banner, whilst the Oldfield group could present itself as 'One Nation' only at state elections.

At the 2004 Queensland election, One Nation polled less than 5% of the vote and its sole elected representative, Rosa Lee Long, acted as an independent. One Nation attempted to defend its Queensland Senate seat at the 2004 federal election, but lost it (effectively to the National Party). Len Harris's Senate term expired on 30 June 2005.

On 8 February 2005, One Nation lost federal party status but re-registered in time for the 2007 Australian federal election. It still had state parties in Queensland and New South Wales. Subsequently it created another state party in Western Australia. In the February 2005 Western Australian election, the One Nation vote collapsed.

In the 2006 South Australian state election, six One Nation candidates stood for the lower house. Their highest levels of the primary vote was 4.1% in the district of Hammond and 2.7% in Goyder, with the other four hovering around 1%. They attracted 0.8% (7559 votes) of the upper house vote. One Nation consequently won no seats in that election.

In the 2006 Queensland state election, the party contested four of 89 seats, and its vote collapsed. It suffered a swing of 4.3% to be left with just 0.6% of the vote. Its only remaining seat in the state (and country), Tablelands, was retained with an increased majority by Rosa Lee Long.^[4] Tablelands was abolished prior to the 2009 Queensland state election, with Lee Long failing to win the seat of Dalrymple.

Impact

During its brief period of popularity, One Nation had a major impact on Australian politics. The appeal of its policies to the National Party's constituency put great pressure on that party. The rapid rise of the party revealed a substantial minority of discontented voters dissatisfied with the major parties. Political commentator B.A. Santamaria attributed One Nation's rise to a "sense of alienation" that many Australians felt towards the political system in the 1990s and the failure of mainstream political parties to respond to this disaffection.^[5]

In the prologue to her autobiography Untamed and Unashamed, Hanson cites the Howard government's adoption of her policies as an attempt to win back One Nation voters to the Liberal and National parties, stating "the very same policies I advocated back then ... are being advocated today by the federal government".^[6]

Election results

Election	Chamber	% of vote	Seats won
Queensland state election June 1998	Legislative Assembly	22.7%	11
Australian federal election October 1998	House of Representatives	8.4%
	Senate	9%	1
New South Wales state election March 1999	Legislative Assembly	7.5%
	Legislative Council	6.3%	1
Victoria state election September 1999	Legislative Assembly	0.3%
	Legislative Council	n.a
Western Australia state election February 2001	Legislative Assembly	9.6%
	Legislative Council	9.9%	3
Queensland state election February 2001	Legislative Assembly	8.7%	3
Northern Territory state election August 2001	Legislative Assembly	1.3%
Australian federal election November 2001	House of Representatives	4.3%
	Senate	5.5%
South Australia state election February 2002	House of Assembly	2.4%
	Legislative Council	1.8%
Queensland state election February 2004	Legislative Assembly	4.9%	1
Australian federal election October 2004	House of Representatives	1.2%
	Senate	1.7%
Western Australia state election February 2005	Legislative Assembly	1.6%
	Legislative Council	1.6%
South Australia state election March 2006	House of Assembly	0.3%
	Legislative Council	0.8%
Queensland state election September 2006	Legislative Assembly	0.6%	1
Australian federal election November 2007	House of Representatives	0.3%
	Senate	0.4%
Western Australia state election September 2008	Legislative Assembly	n.a
	Legislative Council	0.6%
Queensland state election March 2009	Legislative Assembly	0.4%
South Australia state election March 2010	House of Assembly	n.a
	Legislative Council	0.5%
Australian federal election August 2010	House of Representatives	0.2%
	Senate	0.6%

Members of Parliament

Federal

• Pauline Hanson MP (Oxley, Qld, 1996–1998, elected as an independent)
• Senator Len Harris (Qld, 1999–2005, appointed after the disqualification of Heather Hill)

New South Wales

• David Oldfield MLC (1999–2007; formed One Nation NSW in 2000; became an independent in 2004)

Queensland

• Harry Black MLA (Whitsunday, 1998–2001, joined City Country Alliance in 1999)
• David Dalgleish MLA (Hervey Bay, 1998–2001, joined City Country Alliance in 1999)
• Bill Feldman MLA (Caboolture, 1998–2001, joined City Country Alliance in 1999)
• Dr John Kingston MLA (Maryborough, 1998–2003, became an independent in 1999)
• Jeff Knuth MLA (Burdekin, 1998–2001; became an independent in 1999, formed Country Party Queensland later that year, and joined the City Country Alliance in 2000)
• Shaun Nelson MLA (Tablelands, 1998–2001, became an independent in 1999)
• Jack Paff MLA (Ipswich West, 1998–2001, joined City Country Alliance in 1999)
• Dorothy Pratt MLA (Barambah, later Nanango, 1998–present, became an independent in 1999)
• Peter Prenzler MLA (Lockyer, 1998–2001, joined City Country Alliance in 1999)
• Charles Rappolt MLA (Mulgrave, 1998)
• Ken Turner MLA (Thuringowa, 1998–2001, became an independent in 1999)
• Bill Flynn MLA (Lockyer, 2001–2004)
• Rosa Lee Long MLA (Tablelands, 2001–2009)
• Elisa Roberts MLA (Gympie, 2001–2006, became an independent in 2002)

Western Australia

• Paddy Embry MLC (South West, 2001–2005, became an independent in 2003, joined New Country Party in 2004)
• John Fischer MLC (Mining and Pastoral, 2001–2005, became an independent in 2004)
• Frank Hough MLC (Agricultural, 2001–2005, became an independent in 2004, joined New Country Party later that year)

Notes

• For the offshoot One Nation Party in New South Wales see: One Nation NSW
• One Nation is not to be confused with the One Nation program of infrastructure works carried out from 1991 to 1996 by the Keating Labor Government.

References

1. ^ Scott Balson (one Nation Webmaster 1997-99) http://www.gwb.com.au/gwb/news/onenation/expose
2. ^ One Nation's Immigration, Population and Social Cohesion Policy 1998
3. ^ Charlton, P. 1998. Full Circle. The Courier-Mail, 13 June 1998.
4. ^ http://www.abc.net.au/elections/qld/2006/results/tabl.htm
5. ^ Santamaria, B.A. 1996. Beware the mass revolt. The Australian. 21 September.
6. ^ Hanson, Pauline. Untamed and Unashamed, JoJo Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-0-9802836-2-4

Further reading

• Abbot, Tony; Adams, Phillip; Brett, Judith; Brunton, Ron; Fraser, Malcolm; Goot, Murray; Grattan, Michelle; Kelly, Paul; Kingston, Margo; Lake, Marilyn; McGuinness, P.P.; Reynolds, Henry; Richardson, Graham; Rothwell, Nicolas; Sheridan, Greg; Wooldridge, Michael; (1998), Two Nations. The Causes and Effects of the Rise of the One Nation Party in Australia, Bookman Press, Melbourne (Victoria) ISBN 1 86395 177 6

• Balson, Scott (2000), Inside One Nation. The inside story on a people's party born to fail, Interactive Presentations, Mt Crosby News, Queensland. ISBN 0957741529

• Campbell, Graeme and Uhlmann, Mark (1995), Australia Betrayed. How Australian democracy has been undermined and our naive trust betrayed, Foundation Press, Victoria Park, Western Australia. ISBN 1 875 778 020

• Davis, Rex and Stimson, Robert (1998), 'Disillusionment and disenchantment at the fringe: explaining the geography of the One Nation Party vote at the Queensland election,' People and Place, Vol.6, No.3, Pages 69–82.

• Dodd, Helen J (1997). Pauline. The Hanson Phenomenon, Boolarong Press, Moorooka, Queensland. ISBN 0 646 33217 1

• Ettridge, David (2004), Consider Your Verdict, New Holland Publishers, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales. ISBN 1 74110 232 4

• Grant, Bligh (ed.) (1997), Pauline Hanson. One Nation and Australian Politics, University of New England Press, Armidale, New South Wales. ISBN 1 875821 38 4

• Hanson, Pauline (2007), Untamed and Unashamed - Pauline Hanson's autobiography, Jo-Jo Publishing, Docklands, Victoria. ISBN 0980283620

• Jayasuriya, Laksiri and Pookong, Kee (1999), The Asianisation of Australia? Some Facts about the Myths, Melbourne University Press, Carlton South, Victoria. ISBN 0 522 84854 0

• Jupp, James (1998), 'Populism in the land of Oz,' in Meanjin, Vol.57, No.4, pp. 740–747.

• Kingston, Margo (1999), Off the Rails. The Pauline Hanson Trip, Allen and Unwin, St Leonards, New South Wales. ISBN 1 86508 159 0

• Leach, Michael; Stokes, Geoffrey; Ward, Ian; (eds.) (2000), The Rise and Fall of One Nation, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, Queensland. ISBN 0 7022 3136 3

• Mackay, Hugh (1999), Turning Point. Australians Choosing Their Future, Pan Macmillan, Sydney, New South Wales, Ch. 24, 'Xenophobia and Politics. Why Hanson was good for us.' ISBN 0 7329 1001 3

• Merritt, George J (1997), Pauline Hanson. The Truth, St George Publications, Parkholme, South Australia. ISBN 0 646 32012 2

• Pasquarelli, John (1998), The Pauline Hanson Story by the Man Who Knows, New Holland Publishers, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales. ISBN 1 86436 341 X

External links

• One Nation official website
• Inside One Nation
• How the Victorian branch imploded