- List of Brown University people
The following is a partial list of notable Brown University people, known as Brunonians. It includes alumni, professors, and others associated with
Brown University .Notable alumni
"Note: "Class of" is used to denote the graduation class of individuals who attended Brown, but did not or have not graduated. When just the graduation year is noted, it is because it has not yet been determined which degree the individual earned."
Academia
*
Stan Allen (A.B.) - Dean of the School of Architecture atPrinceton University
*Thomas Angell (1862) - Free Will Baptist preacher, professor atYork University
*Mark Bear (Ph.D. 1984) - professor ofneuroscience , MIT; first classifier oflong-term depression of a synapse
*Aaron T. Beck (1942) - "The Father ofCognitive Behavior Therapy "; founder, Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research at theUniversity of Pennsylvania
*Samuel Belkin (Ph.D. 1935) - President,Yeshiva University
*Lee Eliot Berk (1964) - president and namesake,Berklee College of Music
*Iver Bernstein (1977) - Professor of American History,Washington University in St. Louis
*Gordon Keith Chalmers , (A.B., 1925) -Rhodes Scholar , President ofKenyon College , 1937–1956
*Oren B. Cheney (1835-36) - Baptist preacher, abolitionist, founder and president ofBates College
*Yung-Chi Cheng (PhD, 1972) - Discovered AIDS druglamivudine (epivir), Henry Bronson Professor,York University
*Aram Chobanian - President,Boston University
*William E. Cooper - President,University of Richmond
*Robert A. Corrigan (A.B.) - President,San Francisco State University
*Michael Dickinson (Sc. B. 1984) - professor of integrative biology atUniversity of California, Berkeley , recipient of theMacArthur Fellowship
*Stanley Falkow - father of microbiology and professor at Stanford Medical School
*Daniel Fischel - Dean,University of Chicago Law School
*Henry Simmons Frieze (1841) President,University of Michigan
*John Guttag (A.B. 1971) - chair of MIT's Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department (1999–2004)
*John Hattendorf (A.M. 1971) -Ernest J. King Professor of Maritime History ,Naval War College
*Jerry Hausman (A.B.) - economist atMIT , inventor ofHausman specification test
*John Hope (1894) - former president ofAtlanta University and co-founder of theNiagara Movement , which became theNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
*Judith Jacobson (1964) - co-founder ofScholars for Peace in the Middle East , professor at theColumbia Mailman School of Public Health
*Wes Johnson - professor of astronomy and physics,NHSS ; subject of [http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoID=851027946 music video] by popular Nashua band Boone County
*Jim Yong Kim Professor of Medicine and Social Medicine and Chair of the Department of Social Medicine atHarvard Medical School , Chief of the Division of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Director of the Francois Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, former director of theWorld Health Organization 's HIV/AIDS department, recipient of theMacArthur Fellowship
*Larry D. Kramer (A.B. 1980) - Richard E. Lan Professor of Law and Dean of theStanford Law School
*James A. MacAlister (1856) - first president ofDrexel University [cite web|date=November 16 ,2005 |title=James MacAlister papers |url=http://www.library.drexel.edu/archives/collections/macalisterfindingaid.html |publisher=Drexel University Archives and Special Collections |accessdate=2008-02-24]
*David Maxwell (A.M. 1968) - President,Drake University
*Alexander Meiklejohn (1893) - philosopher; free-speech advocate; dean of Brown University (1901–1913); president ofAmherst College
*Craig C. Mello , (Sc. B. 1982) - Nobel laureate (2006, Physiology or Medicine), professor University of Massachusetts Medical School
*Kenneth R. Miller , (Sc. B. 1970) - Professor of Biology at Brown University.
*Richard L. Morrill (A.B. 1961) - President,University of Richmond (1988-1998),Centre College (1982-1988),Salem College (1979-1982)
*Anna Nagurney , (A.B. 1977, Sc. B. 1977, Sc. M. 1980, Ph.D. 1983) - John F. Smith Memorial Professor and Director - Virtual Center for Supernetworks, University of Massachusetts Amherst
*Jay Newman (M.A.) - professor of philosophy atYork University ;Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
*Peter Norvig - director of research at Google Inc..
*John Davis Pierce (1822) - leader in establishment of theUniversity of Michigan ; secured protection of women's property rights; author of theMichigan free-school system
*Jehuda Reinharz (Ph.D. 1972) - President,Brandeis University
*Kenneth Alan "Ken" Ribet (A.B. and A.M. 1969) - professor of mathematics at U.C.-Berkeley, contributor to the proof ofFermat's last theorem
*Jennifer Richeson , (1994) - psychologist,MacArthur Fellowship recipient
*Paul Ridker , MD, 1981, is a cardiologist and medical researcher and the Eugene Braunwald Professor of Medicine at Harvard University. He is also on staff at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Ridker was included in TIME magazine's list of 100 most influential people of 2004. Previously, TIME and CNN named Dr. Ridker as one of "America’s Best in Science and Medicine".
*Wendy Schiller - professor of political science at Brown University
*David Schmittlein (A.B. 1977) Dean,MIT Sloan School of Management
*Michael Silverstein - Charles F. Grey Distinguished Service Professor of Anthropology, of Linguistics, and of Psychology at theUniversity of Chicago , recipient of theMacarthur Fellowship
*Richard Solomon (A.B. 1940, A.M. 1942, Ph.D. 1947) - psychologist, author of theopponent-process theory of emotion
*James Tallmadge, Jr. (1798) President ofNew York University (1830-1846), U.S. Congressman,New York
*Arthur Taylor - President,Muhlenberg College (1992-2002), President,CBS (1972-1976)
*Rick Trainor (A.B.) - Principal ofKing's College London
*Adam Ulam - Gurney Professor of History and Political Science atHarvard University , one of the world's foremost authorities on Russia and the Soviet Union
*Henry Webber (A.B.) - vice president of community affairs at theUniversity of Chicago , executive vice chancellor for administration atWashington University effectiveMarch 1 ,2007 .
*David N. Weil - professor of economics at Brown University
*Nils Yngve Wessell (A.M. 1935) - President,Tufts University
*Benjamin Ide Wheeler (1875) - A Greek and comparative philology professor atCornell University and later President of theUniversity of California from 1899 to 1919
*Mary Emma Woolley (A.B. 1894, A.M 1895) - first American woman to serve as delegate to a major international conference; president ofMount Holyoke College
*Maria Zuber - first female department head at MIT (planetary and geological sciences) andNASA planning advisorTechnology and innovation
*
Willis Adcock (Ph.D. 1948) — chemist, professor of electrical engineering, grew silicon boules for construction of the first silicon transistor atTexas Instruments
*Seth Berkley (Sc. B., MD) - President, CEO and founder of theInternational AIDS Vaccine Initiative
*Brian Binnie (Sc. B. 1975, Sc. M. 1976) - test pilot, privately funded experimental spaceplaneSpaceShipOne
*John Seely Brown (A.B. 1962) - inventor ofspellcheck
*John H. Crawford (1975) - chief architect, Intel386 and Intel486 microprocessors; co-managed the development of the Pentium microprocessor; Intel Fellow, Enterprise Platforms Group
*James B. Garvin (Sc. B. 1978, Sc. M. 1981, Ph.D. 1984) - Chief Scientist, NASA Mars and lunar exploration programs
*Lillian Moller Gilbreth (Ph.D. 1915) - one of the first working female engineers and is arguably the first true industrial/organizational psychologist. Mother of twelve children as described by the bookCheaper by the Dozen .
*Herman B. Goldstein (1940) - developed permanent-press fabric treatment
*Morton Gurtin (Ph.D. 1961) -Timoshenko Medal winning mechanical engineer and mathematical physicist
*Edwin Hart Ph.D. (1934) - known for contributions to radiation chemistry
*Andy Hertzfeld (Sc. B. 1975) - key member of originalApple Macintosh development team; one of the primary software architects of the originalMac OS
*Wesley Huntress - president,Planetary Society
*William Williams Keen (1859) - first U.S. brain surgeon
*David J. Lipman - director,National Center for Biotechnology Information
*Thomas O. Paine (A.B. 1942) - third NASA Administrator, oversaw first seven Apollo manned missions
*Robert G. Parr (1942) - author of Density-Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules
*Randy Pausch (Sc.B. 1982) - Professor of Computer Science and Co-founder of The Entertainment Technology Center at Carnegie Mellon University; lecturer and best-selling writer, "The Last Lecture "
*John Wilder Tukey (Sc. B. 1936, Sc. M. 1937) - co-developed the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform algorithm; coined the termsbit ,byte ,software andcepstrum
*Bob Wallace - NinthMicrosoft employee, inventor of the termshareware
*George Wallerstein (Sc.B. 1951) - astronomer, winner of theHenry Norris Russell Lectureship
*Frank E. Winsor (Sc.B. 1892, A.M. 1896, Sc.D. 1929) Civil engineer, chief engineer for theQuabbin Reservoir project, theScituate Reservoir project and Brown University TrusteeGovernment, law and public policy
Governors
*
Donald Carcieri (A.B. 1965) -Governor of Rhode Island -R; former CEO of Cookson America
*Samuel Cony (1829) -Governor of Maine (1864-1867)
*Elisha Dyer -Governor of Rhode Island (1857-1859)
*Elisha Dyer, Jr. -Governor of Rhode Island (1897-1900)
*Theodore Francis Green (1887) -Governor of Rhode Island (1933–1936); U.S. Senator, D-Rhode Island (1937–1961)
*Charles Evans Hughes (1881) -Governor of New York (1907–1910); U.S. Secretary of State (1921–1925); 11thChief Justice of the United States (1930–1941)
*Bobby Jindal (Sc. B. 1992) -Governor of Louisiana -R (2008-); U.S. Congressman, R-Louisiana 1st Congressional District (2004–2008)
*Otto Kerner, Jr. (1930) -Governor of Illinois - (1961-1968)
*William L. Marcy (A.B. 1808) - Justice of New York State Supreme Court (1829);Governor of New York (1833–1839); U.S. Secretary of War (1845–1849); U.S. Senator fromNew York ; U.S. Secretary of State (1853–1857)
*Marcus Morton (A.B. 1804, A.M 1807) - U.S. Congressman,Massachusetts (1817-1821),Governor of Massachusetts (1825, 1840-1844)
*Pendleton Murrah (1848) -Governor of Texas during theAmerican Civil War (1863–1865)
*Philip W. Noel (1954) - formerGovernor of Rhode Island
*Edward C. Stokes (1883) -Governor of New Jersey (1905-1908)Legislators
*Philip Allen (1803) - U.S. Senator,
Rhode Island (1853-1859),Governor of Rhode Island (1851-1853)
*Henry B. Anthony - U.S. Senator, R-Rhode Island (1859-1884),President pro tempore of the United States Senate ,Governor of Rhode Island (1849-1851)
*Sullivan Ballou - memberRhode Island House of Representatives & Major in Rhode Island militia, killed atFirst Battle of Bull Run
*Antonio F. D. Cabral - member of the Mass. House of Representatives ("served"1990 - "present")
*Lincoln Chafee (A.B. 1975) - U.S. Senator, R-Rhode Island
*Howard A. Coffin (1901) - U.S. Congressman, R-Michigan
*Samuel S. Cox (1846) - U.S. Congressman, D-Ohio , D-New York , U.S. ambassador to theOttoman Empire
*Samuel L. Crocker (1822) - U.S. Congressman,Massachusetts
*Nathan F. Dixon (1799) - U.S. Senator,Rhode Island
*Samuel Eddy (1787) - U.S Congressman,Rhode Island (1819-1825), Chief Justice of theRhode Island Supreme Court (1827-1835)
*James Ervin (1797) U.S. Congressman, R-South Carolina (1817-1821)
*Horace Everett (1797) U.S. Congressman,Vermont (1829-1843)
*Lafayette S. Foster (1828) - U.S. Senator, R-Connecticut (1855-1867),President pro tempore of the Senate ,Acting Vice President of the United States
*Dan Greenberg (A.B. 1988) - member of theArkansas General Assembly ("served"2006 - "present")
*Julian Hartridge (1848) - U.S. Congressman, D-Georgia (1875-1879)
*Nathaniel P. Hill (1856) - U.S. Senator, R-Colorado (1879-1885)
*John Holmes (1796) - U.S. Congressman from Massachusetts, one of the two first Senators fromMaine
*Stephen Hopkins - First Chancellor of the University, Continental Congress delegate, Signer of Declaration of Independence. Introduced slavery ban to Rhode Island in 1774.
*Marcus Morton (A.B. 1804, A.M 1807) - U.S. Congressman,Massachusetts (1817-1821),Governor of Massachusetts (1825, 1840-1844)
*Mee Moua ,Minnesota State Senator, first electedHmong-American politician
*John J. O'Connor (1906) - U.S. Congressman, D-New York (1923-1939)
*Henry Kirke Porter (1860) - U.S. Congressman,Pennsylvania (1903-1905)
*Frederic M. Sackett (1890) - U.S. Senator, R-Kentucky (1924-1930), U.S. ambassador toGermany (1930-1933)
*William P. Sheffield, II - U.S. Congressman, R-Rhode Island (1909–1911).
*Solomon Sibley (1794) - firstUnited States Attorney for theMichigan Territory ; territorial Delegate to Congress
*Edward L. Sittler, Jr. (1930)- U.S. Congressman, R-Pennsylvania , 23rd Congressional District
*Ebenezer Stoddard (1807) -United States Representative fromConnecticut .
*Mark Strama (1990) - member of theTexas House of Representatives
*Daniel Wardwell (1811) - U.S. Congressman,New York (1831-1837)
*William Widnall (1926) - U.S. Congressman, R-New Jersey (1950–1975)
*John W. Wydler (1947) - U.S. Congressman, R-New York (1963-1981)Mayors
*
David Cicilline (A.B. 1983) - first openly gay mayor of state capital,Providence, RI .
*Buddy Dyer - mayor ofOrlando, Florida since 2003.Diplomats
*
W. Randolph Burgess (1912) - U.S. Ambassador to theNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
*Dr. William H. Courtney, former U.S. Ambassador to Georgia (1995–1997), andKazakstan (1992–1994)
*Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke (A.B. 1962) - U.S. Ambassador to theUnited Nations (1999–2001)
*Victoria Nuland - Current U.S. Ambassador to NATO
*Nit Phibunsongkhram (A.M.) - Foreign Minister ofThailand , Thai Ambassador to the United States
*Curtin Winsor, Jr. (A.B. 1961) - U.S. Ambassador toCosta Rica (1983-1985)Advisors
*Charles W. "Chuck" Colson (1953) - chief counsel to Richard Nixon (1969–1973); figured in the
Watergate Scandal ; founder,Prison Fellowship
*Thomas Corcoran (1922) - member of PresidentFranklin Roosevelt 's "brain trust"; guidedNew Deal legislation; high-powered Washington lobbyist
*John Hay - U.S. Secretary of State (1898–1905)
*E. Howard Hunt - worked under PresidentRichard Nixon ; figured in theWatergate Scandal
*Randall Kroszner (A.B. 1984) - member of the Board of Governors of theFederal Reserve System
*Ira Magaziner (1969) - Clinton advisor, current chairman of Clinton AIDS Initiative; co-instigator of Brown's New Curriculum
*Richard Olney (1856) -United States Attorney General (1893-1895),United States Secretary of State (1895-1897)
*Janet Yellen - (A.B. 1967) President of theFederal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ; Trefethen Professor of Business Administration and Professor of Economics,University of California, Berkeley Activists
*
John Bonifaz (1987) - founder,National Voting Rights Institute , recipient of theMacArthur Fellowship
*Kathryn S. Fuller (A.B. 1968) - President and CEO ofnon-governmental organization World Wildlife Fund -U.S. (1989–2005)
*Samuel Gridley Howe (1821) - prominentphysician , abolitionist, advocate of education for the blind
*Gene Karpinski (1974) - President,League of Conservation Voters
*Maya Keyes - anarchist and gay rights activist
*Horace Mann (1819) - educationist; father of Americanpublic school education
*Elliot Maxwell (A.B. 1968) - education reformer; co-instigator of Brown's New Curriculum
*Nawal M. Nour (A.B. 1988) - physician, founder of the first hospital center in the United States devoted to the medical needs of African women who have undergonefemale circumcision , recipient of theMacArthur Fellowship
*George Lincoln Rockwell (Class of 1942) - founder of theAmerican Nazi Party ; dropped out after sophomore year to join the Navy
*Cecile Richards (1980) - President,Planned Parenthood Federation of America
*Kenneth Roth (A.B. 1978) - Executive Director ofnon-governmental organization Human Rights Watch
*Donna Zaccaro (A.B. 1983) - President ofnon-profit [http://www.whatgoesaround.org WhatGoesAround.org, Inc.] and daughter of former Democratic vice-presidential candidateGeraldine Ferraro .Jurists
*
Theodore R. Boehm (A.B. 1960) - Justice, Supreme Court of Indiana
*Samuel Eddy (1787) - U.S Congressman,Rhode Island (1819-1825), Chief Justice,Rhode Island Supreme Court (1827-1835)
*Charles Evans Hughes (A.B. 1881) - 11thChief Justice of the United States (1930–1941);Governor of New York (1907–1910); U.S. Secretary of State (1921–1925)
*Patrick C. Lynch - Rhode Island Attorney General-D
*Marcus Morton (1838) - Chief Justice of theMassachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (1882-1890)
*Michael Newdow (Sc. B. 1974) - atheist doctor and lawyer who unsuccessfully argued "Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow " before the U.S. Supreme Court
*Louis Redding - first African American to practice law inDelaware
*Kenneth Starr (M.A. 1969) - former U.S. Solicitor General; former U.S. appeals court judge; special counsel inBill Clinton impeachment proceedings
*Craig Waters (A.B. 1979) - communications counsel to theFlorida Supreme Court
*Joseph Weisberger (A.B. 1942) - Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Rhode IslandBusiness
*
Scott Aversano (A.B. 1991) - President of MTV Films and Nick Movies
*Marvin Bower (Sc. B. 1925) - co-founder (1939) and managing director (1950–1967),McKinsey & Company ; founder of modern management consulting
*Willard C. Butcher (1948) - chairman and CEO,The Chase Manhattan Corporation
*Lisa Caputo - Chief Marketing Officer,Citigroup
*John S. Chen - CEO,Sybase Inc
*Dan DiMicco - CEO,Nucor
*Michael Fanning (1986) - Chief Operating Officer of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
*Tom First (1989) - founder,Nantucket Nectars
*George M. C. Fisher (Sc. M. 1964, Ph.D. 1966) - former chairman and CEO of Motorola Inc. and Eastman Kodak Co.
*Sidney E. Frank (class of 1942) - billionaire liquor magnate responsible for the American success ofJagermeister ; creator ofGrey Goose vodka; philanthropist
*Tim Forbes (1976) - Chief Operating Officer,Forbes , son ofMalcolm Forbes
*Tom Gardner (A.B. 1990) - co-founder and co-chairman of theMotley Fool
*Jeffrey W. Greenberg (A.B. 1973) - chairman and CEO ofMarsh & McLennan Companies *(1999–2004)
*Walter Hoving (1920) - CEO ofTiffany & Co. (1955–1980)
*Nina Jacobson (A.B. 1987) - former president, Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group
*Debra L. Lee (A.B. 1976) - chairman and CEO ofBlack Entertainment Television
*Patrick Lo (Sc. B. 1979) - co-founder, chairman, and CEO of computer networking companyNetgear
*Gordon Macklin (A.B. 1950) - first president and CEO, theNASDAQ
*L. Gordon McCovern (1948) - chairman,Campbell Soup Company
*David L. Meister (1961) - co-founder, former chairman and CEO ofThe Tennis Channel ; former president of Time-Life Films and the Financial News Network (nowCNBC )
*Raymond Prisament (2001) - Co-founder and President, Foresite Solutions. Later acquired byNelnet in 2005.
*Matt Quagliana - (A.B. 1990) CEO and founder ofCerebus Corp.
*John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (1897) - philanthropist; son ofJohn D. Rockefeller ; builtRockefeller Center inNew York City
*Tom Rothman (A.B. 1976) - president,20th Century Fox Film Group
*Eric Rudder - Vice President ofMicrosoft Corp.
*Tom Scott (1989) - founder,Nantucket Nectars &Plum TV
*John Sculley (A.B. 1961) - president ofPepsiCo (1977–1983); CEO ofApple Computer (1983–1993)
*Lawrence M. Small (A.B. 1963) - President and Chief Operating Officer,Fannie Mae , Secretary of theSmithsonian Institution
*Barry Sternlicht (A.B. 1982) - founder, and former chairman and CEO, ofStarwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide , which owns the brands Sheraton, Four Points by Sheraton, St. Regis, The Luxury Collection, Le Méridien, W Hotels, and Westin
*Jeff Stibel (MSC 1999) - CEO ofWeb.com ,Interland ; Board Member, Founder and General Manager ofThe Search Agency ,Simpli , MediaWorks andUnited Online (NetZero , Juno,Classmates.com )
*Orin R. Smith - Chairman and CEO,Engelhard (1999-2001)
*Jeffrey B. Swartz (A.B. 1982) - president, CEO, and director ofThe Timberland Company
*Ted Turner (Class of 1960) -billionaire media proprietor and philanthropist; founder ofCNN , TBS, TNT,Turner Classic Movies ,Cartoon Network , and theUnited Nations Foundation ; largest private landowner in the United States. Turner was expelled from Brown in 1960.
*Thomas J. Watson, Jr. (1937) - president and CEO ofIBM (1956–1971); former U.S. Ambassador to theSoviet Union (1979–1981)
*Lauren Zalaznick (1984) - president, Bravo Television NetworkLiterature
*
Quiara Alegría Hudes (M.F.A. 2004), playwright, "In the Heights" (Tony Award winner for Best Musical), "Elliot, a Soldier’s Fugue "
*David Allyn (A.B. 1991) author, "Make Love, Not War ", "I Can't Believe I Just Did That ", playwright, "Baptizing Adam "
*Jacob M. Appel (A.B. 1995), author, playwright, "Arborophilia ", "Creve Coeur "
*Edward Ball (1982) -National Book Award winning nonfiction writer, "Slaves in the Family ", "The Genetic Strand "
*Christopher F. Black (Sc. B. 1987) - educator and author of "Conquering the SAT Writing" and "McGraw-Hill's SAT"
*Kate Bornstein (née Albert Bornstein) (A.B. 1969) -transgender activist, performance artist, playwright, gender theorist, and author, "Gender Outlaws " and "My Gender Workbook "
*Jeffrey Carver (A.B. 1971) - science fiction author,Nebula Award finalist
*Susan Cheever (1965) - author
*Ted Chiang -Nebula Award ,Locus Award , andHugo Award winning science fiction writer
*Nilo Cruz (M.F.A. 1994) -Pulitzer Prize winning playwright, "Anna in the Tropics "
*Edwidge Danticat (M.F.A. 1993) -American Book Award winning author, "Breath, Eyes, Memory ", "The Dew Breaker "
*David Ebershoff -Lambda Literary Award winning author, "The Danish Girl ", editor-at-large atRandom House , professor atColumbia University
*Jeffrey Eugenides (A.B. 1983) - Pulitzer Prize winning author, "Middlesex", "The Virgin Suicides "
*Rudolph Fisher (A.B. 1919, A.M. 1920) author, musician, physician; a leader of theHarlem Renaissance
*Richard Foreman (A.B. 1959) - playwright/avant-garde theater pioneer; founder, "Ontological-Hysteric Theater ", recipient of theMacArthur Fellowship
*Peter Gizzi (M.F.A. 1991) - poet, professor at theUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst 'sMFA Program for Poets & Writers
*Andrew Sean Greer - author, "The Path of Minor Planets ", "The Confessions of Max Tivoli "
*Scott Haltzman (1982, M.D. 1985) - psychiatrist, author of "The Secrets of Happily Married Men: Eight Ways to Win Your Wife's Heart Forever"
*Joan Hedrick (Ph. D. 1972) -Pulitzer Prize winning author, "Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life"
*Tony Horwitz (A.B. 1980) -Pulitzer Prize winning journalist, author of "Confederates in the Attic ", "Blue Latitudes ", and "Baghdad Without a Map "
*Constance Hunting (A.B. 1947) - poet, founder of Puckerbrush Press
*Shelley Jackson (M.F.A.) - author, "Patchwork Girl", "Half Life"
*Steven Johnson (A.B. 1990) - writer, pop-science, author, "Everything Bad is Good for You: How Today's Popular Culture Is Actually Making Us Smarter"
*Winthrop Jordan (PhD 1960) - American Civil War and racial history writer, winner of theNational Book Award and theBancroft Prize
*T. E. D. Klein (A.B. 1969) - horror fiction writer & magazine editor
*Caroline Knapp (A.B.) - essayist and author, "Drinking: A Love Story"
*Richard Kostelanetz (A.B.1962) - cultural historian, fictioner, poet, experimental writer, critic of avant-garde arts and artists, anthologist, etc.
*Geoffrey A. Landis (Ph.D. 1988) -Nebula Award andHugo Award winning scientist-writer & science fiction author
*Ben Lerner (M.F.A. 2003) - poet, author of "Angle of Yaw " and "The Lichtenberg Figures."
*Alan Levy - author
*David Lipsky (A.B. 1987) - author, "Three Thousand Dollars ", "The Art Fair ", "Absolutely American "
*Lois Lowry (Class of 1958) -Newbery Medal -winning author, "The Giver "
*Thomas Mallon (A.B.) - author, "Henry and Clara ", "Bandbox ", "Dewey Defeats Truman ", "Two Moons "
*Ben Marcus (M.F.A. 1991) - author, "The Age of Wire and String ", "Notable American Women "
*Alex McAulay (A.B.) - author, "Bad Girls ", "Lost Summer ", "Oblivion Road ", "Shelter Me "
*Emily Arnold McCully -Caldecott Award winning children's author, "Mirette on the High Wire "
*Steven Millhauser -Pulitzer Prize winning author, ""
*Rick Moody (A.B.) - author, "The Ice Storm ", "Garden State", "Purple America ", "The Diviners"
*S. J. Perelman - American humorist, "The New Yorker "; author; Academy Award winning screenwriter, "Around the World in Eighty Days"
*Nathaniel Philbrick - nonfiction writer;National Book Award winner, "In the Heart of the Sea ", "Sea of Glory ", "Mayflower "
*Marilynne Robinson (A.B. 1966) - Pulitzer Prize winning author, "Gilead", "Housekeeping", "Home"
*Sarah Ruhl (A.B. 1996, M.F.A) - playwright and Pulitzer Prize finalist, recipient of theMacArthur Fellowship , "The Clean House ", "Eurydice", "Passion Play"
*Kate Schatz (M.F.A. 2005) - author,Rid of Me , a "33 1/3 " book, co-editor, "The Encyclopedia Project "
*Joanna Scott (M.A. 1985) - author, recipient of theMacArthur Foundation Fellowship and theLannan Literary Award for Fiction
*Alfred Uhry - playwright;Pulitzer Prize ,Academy Award &Tony Award winner, "Driving Miss Daisy ", "The Last Night of Ballyhoo "
*Nathanael West (1924) - author, "Miss Lonelyhearts ", "The Day of the Locust "
*Meg Wolitzer (A.B. 1981) - author, "The Wife ", "The Position ", "The Ten-Year Nap "Journalism
*
Jim Axelrod (A.M. 1989) Chief White House correspondent,CBS News
*Marc E. Babej (A.B. 1992) -Forbes.com columnist
*Chris Berman (A.B. 1977) -ESPN host and anchor
*Joshua G. Berman (1995) - Award-winning travel writer
*Martin Bernheimer -Pulitzer Prize -winning music critic
*Duncan B. Black a.k.a.Atrios , well-known blogger
*Robert Conley (1953) - Founder ofNPR , original host of "All Things Considered ", former "New York Times " front-page correspondent, "National Geographic " writer, and news reporter and anchor forNBC and the famed Huntley & Brinkley.
*Gareth Cook (A.B. 1991) -Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting , "Boston Globe ", for writing aboutstem cell research
*Dana Cowin - Editor-in-Chief, "Food & Wine"
*Lyn Crost (1938) - reporter on Japanese-American role in World War II and internment camps
*Larry Elder (A.B. 1974) - columnist, radio personality, TV talk show host ("The Larry Elder Show"); author, "The Ten Things You Can't Say in America "
*Heather Findlay (1986) - Former editor of "On Our Backs ", founder and editor of "Girlfriends magazine ", owner of H.A.F. Publishing
*Caryn Ganz (1999) - editor,Spin Magazine
*Ira Glass (A.B. 1982) - host and producer,National Public Radio , "This American Life "
*Rufus Griscom (1991) - cofounder, online sex/culture journalNerve.com
*Taina Hernandez (A.B. 1996) - anchor of "World News Now " on ABC
*Lee Hockstader (1981) - correspondent and member of the editorial board of theWashington Post
*Tony Horwitz - journalist, "Wall Street Journal ", winner of thePulitzer Prize for National Reporting
*Amy Kellogg (A.B. 1987) - news reporter for theFox News Channel
*A.J. Jacobs - journalist and author, "", "The Year of Living Biblically "
*John F. Kennedy, Jr. (A.B. 1983) - lawyer; journalist; publisher of "George" magazine; son of PresidentJohn F. Kennedy
*Peter Kovacs (1978) - Managing Editor of the New Orleans Times-Picayune, Pulitzer Prize winner for coverage of Hurricane Katrina
*Irving R. Levine - Noted formerNBC News correspondent
*Mara Liasson (1977) - NPR Correspondent
*Bill Lichtenstein (1978) - journalist, filmmaker, president of Lichtenstein Creative Media; recipient ofGuggenheim Fellowship ,Peabody Award ,U.N. Media Award , 60 major broadcast honors.
*Josh Marshall (Ph.D. 2003) -Polk Award -winning journalist, founder, talkingpointsmemo.com
*Mark Maremont (1980) Senior special writer for the "Wall Street Journal" and 2-timePulitzer Prize winner.
*Linda Mason (1964) - producer and VP,CBS News ; winner of 13Emmy Award s
*George W. Potter -Pulitzer Prize winning journalist, 1945 PulitzerPrize for Editorial Writing
*Quentin Reynolds - one of two journalists in London during the German blitz
*James Risen - journalist for "The New York Times " and "The Los Angeles Times " covering national intelligence; author of two books about theCentral Intelligence Agency ; broke the 2005 story of warrantlessNSA wiretapping; 2006Pulitzer Prize winner.
*David S. Rohde (A.B.) -Pulitzer Prize winning journalist,
*Mike Rubin (A.B. 2000) - Broadcaster, Brown Sports Radio and Cox Communications
*George Rush (A.B.) - columnist, "New York Daily News "
*Margaret Russell - Editor-in-Chief, "Elle Decor " magazine, design judge, "Top Design "
*Kirk Scharfenberg (A.B.) -Pulitzer Prize winning journalist, "Boston Globe "
*Aaron Schatz (1996) - FOXSports.com NFL analyst, founder ofFootball Outsiders
*J. Peter Scoblic (1997) - Executive Editor, "The New Republic"
*Amy Sohn (A.B. 1995) - columnist, "New York" magazine; novelist, "Run Catch Kiss" and "Sex and the City: Kiss and Tell"
*Philip Shenon (1981) - journalist at the "New York Times"
*Alison Stewart (A.B. 1988) - host, MSNBC's "The Most with Alison Stewart "
*André Leon Talley (A.B., A.M.) - "Vogue" magazine editor-at-large; author, ""
*Krista Tippett (A.B. 1983) - host, NPR's "Speaking of Faith "
*Betsy West (1973) - VP ofCBS News ; former producer at ABC; winner of 18 Emmy Awards
*Benjamin Weiser (1976) - "New York Times" reporter and author of "A Secret Life: The Polish Officer, His Covert Mission, and the Price He Paid to Save His Country"
*Lady Gabriella Windsor (A.B. 2004) - ( [http://www.ellawindsor.com/bio.html Ella Windsor] ), a member of the British Royal Family.Performing arts
Music
*
Sean Altman (A.B. 1983) - foundingtenor member ofRockapella , which is known for performing the theme song to the show "Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? " in every episode
*Charles Ansbacher - Founder and Conductor of the Boston Landmarks Orchestra
*MC Paul Barman (A.B. 1997) - cult rapper [Rosen, Jody. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9405E0D91231F930A15757C0A9669C8B63 "MUSIC; Rapping in Whiteface (for Laughs)"] , "The New York Times ",April 23 ,2000 . AccessedJuly 30 ,2008 . "MC PAUL BARMAN, a 25-year-old Brown University graduate from Ridgewood, N.J., is pioneering a new hip-hop persona: the rapper as schlemiel."]
*Marco Beltrami (Sc. B. 1988) -Academy Award nominated film scorecomposer , "Scream" (1996), "Resident Evil" (2002), "Blade II " (2002), ' (2003), "I, Robot" (2004), "Hellboy " (2004), "Red Eye" (2005), "The Omen " (2006), "Live Free or Die Hard " (2007), ' (2007)
*Wendy Carlos (A.B. 1962) - composer andelectronic music ian, "Switched-On Bach " (1968); film score composer, "A Clockwork Orange " (1972), "Tron" (1982)
*Alvin Curran - avant-garde composer
*Mary Chapin Carpenter (A.B. 1981) - country singer-songwriter
* Joel Cohen (A.B. 1963), Boston Camerata
*Catie Curtis (1987) - contemporary folk singer-songwriter
*Dhani Harrison - son ofGeorge Harrison , composer, guitarist
*Lili Haydn (1992) - singer-songwriter-violinist
*Elliott Kerman (A.B. 1981) - foundingbaritone member ofRockapella
*Tad Kinchla (1995) -bassist forjam band Blues Traveler
*Richard Kostelanetz (A.B. 1962), electro-acoustic composer (New York City Oratorio, Americas' Game), writer on innovative musics and musicians
*Damian Kulash (A.B. 1998) - lead singer and founding member ofindie rock bandOK Go
*Lisa Loeb (A.B. 1990) - alternative singer-songwriter; first unsigned artist to top the American charts (three weeks at #1)
*Erin McKeown - folk singer-songwriter
*Ernest Salaz (A.B. 2000) - indie rock/art-punk guitarist forGlorium ,I Love You But I've Chosen Darkness
*Elizabeth Mitchell (1990) - musician, member of indie folk-pop band Ida; played in a band with Lisa Loeb and Duncan Sheik while at Brown
*Will Oldham - indie rock/alternative country singer-songwriter who also performs by such names as Bonnie 'Prince' Billy and Palace
*Elvis Perkins (1995) - singer-songwriter
*Navah Perlman (A.B. 1992) - concertpianist ; daughter ofItzhak Perlman
*Theodore Shapiro - film score composer, "State and Main" (2000), "Heist" (2001), "Old School " (2003), "Along Came Polly " (2004), "Starsky & Hutch" (2004), "13 Going on 30 " (2004), "The Devil Wears Prada" (2006), "Blades of Glory " (2007), "Semi-Pro " (2008)
*Duncan Sheik (A.B. 1992) - alternative rock singer-songwriter; top 10 hit for the song "Barely Breathing"; 2-timeTony Award winning composer, "Spring Awakening"
*Susie Suh (A.B. 2002) - alternative rock singer-songwriterFilm
*
Eva Amurri (2007) - actress, "Loving Annabelle " (2005), "Saved! " (2004), "The Banger Sisters " (2002), daughter ofSusan Sarandon .
*Steve Bloom (A.B.) - screenwriter, "James and the Giant Peach", "The Sure Thing ", "Tall Tale ", "Jack Frost "
*Yaya Da Costa (A.B. 2004) - actress, "Take the Lead " (2006), "Honeydripper " (2007); fashion model
*Tom Dey (A.B. 1987) - director, "Shanghai Noon " (2000), "Showtime " (2002), "Failure to Launch " (2006)
*Russell Lee Fine (1984) Cinematographer "Eye of God " (1997), "Office Killer " (1998), "O" (2001), "The Grey Zone " (2002), "Sherrybaby " (2006)
*Richard Fleischer (A.B. 1939) - director, "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" (1954), "The Narrow Margin " (1952), "Fantastic Voyage " (1966), "Tora! Tora! Tora! " (1970), "The Boston Strangler" (1968), "Doctor Dolittle" (1967), "Soylent Green " (1973);Academy Award winning documentary producer, "Design for Death " (1947)
*Josh Friedman -screenwriter , "War of the Worlds", "The Black Dahlia"; executive producer, ""
*Liz Garbus (A.B. 1992) -Academy Award nominated documentary filmmaker, "" (1998)
*Davis Guggenheim (1986) -Academy Award winning documentary film director for "An Inconvenient Truth " (2006), film director for "Gracie " (2007), "Gossip" (2000) & episodes of "24", "Alias", "The Shield ", "ER", "NYPD Blue "
*Linda Goldstein Knowlton (A.B. 1987) - producer, "Whale Rider " & "The Shipping News"
*John Hamburg (A.B.) - director, "Along Came Polly " (2004);screenwriter , "Zoolander " (2001), "Meet the Parents " (2000), "Meet the Fockers " (2004)
*Hill Harper (A.B. 1988) - actor, "Constellation" (2005), "Lackawanna Blues " (2005), "" (2004)
*Todd Haynes (A.B. 1985) -Academy Award nominated writer/director, "I'm Not There " (2007), "Far from Heaven " (2002), "Velvet Goldmine " (1998), "Safe" (1995) & "Poison" (1991)
*Sean Hood - screenwriter, “”, “Cursed”
*Ruth Hussey (A.B. 1933) -Academy Award nominated actress, "The Philadelphia Story " (1940)
*Oren Jacoby -Academy Award nominated documentarian, "Constantine's Sword" (2008)
*William Kelley (A.B. 1955) -Academy Award winningscreenwriter , "Witness" (1985)
*Simon Kinberg -screenwriter , "Jumper", "The Fantastic Four ", "X-Men 3", "Mr. & Mrs. Smith"
*Ellen Kuras - cinematographer, "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind ", "Blow", "He Got Game ", "Summer of Sam ", "Be Kind Rewind "
*Jonathan Levine (A.B. 2000) - writer/director, "The Wackness" (2008), "All The Boys Love Mandy Lane" (2006)
*Doug Liman (A.B. 1988) - director and producer, "The O.C. ", "Jumper" (2008), "Mr. & Mrs. Smith" (2005), "The Bourne Identity" (2002), "The Bourne Supremacy" (2004), "Go" (1999), "Swingers" (1996)
*Laura Linney (A.B. 1986) - 3-timeAcademy Award and 2-time Tony Award nominated actress, "The Savages" (2007), "The Nanny Diaries " (2007), "The Squid and the Whale " (2005),"The Exorcism of Emily Rose " (2005), "Kinsey" (2004), "Mystic River" (2003), "Love Actually " (2003), "You Can Count on Me " (2000), "The Truman Show " (1998), "Absolute Power" (1997), "Primal Fear" (1997)
*Kátia Lund (A.B. 1989) - co-director, "Cidade de Deus (City of God)" (2002)
*Eli Marienthal (currently enrolled, Class of 2008) - actor, "Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen " (2004), "The Iron Giant " (1999), "Jack Frost" (1998)
*Ali Marsh - actress. "Private Parts " (1997)
*Ross McElwee (A.B. 1970) - documentary filmmaker, "Sherman's March" (1986) & "Bright Leaves" (2004)
*Leah Meyerhoff (A.B. 2001) - Student Academy Award nominated writer/director, "Twitch" (2005)
*Tim Blake Nelson (A.B. 1986) - actor, "The Astronaut Farmer" (2007), "Syriana" (2005), "Minority Report" (2002), "O Brother, Where Art Thou? " (2000), "The Thin Red Line" (1998); director, "O" (2001), "The Grey Zone " (2001)
*Angela Robinson (A.B. 1992) - director, "" (2005), "D.E.B.S. (2003 film) ", "D.E.B.S. (2004 film) "
*Danny Rubin - (A.B.) - screenwriter, "Groundhog Day"
*Michael Showalter (A.B. 1992) - actor/writer/director, "Wet Hot American Summer " (2001), "The Baxter " (2005) and the series "The State" and "Stella"
*Leelee Sobieski (attended) - actress, "Eyes Wide Shut " (1999), "Never Been Kissed " (1999), "Here on Earth" (2000), "Joy Ride " (2001), "The Glass House" (2001), "Wicker Man" (2006); nominated for anEmmy for "Joan of Arc"
*Sara Tanaka (A.B. 2000) - actress, "Rushmore" (1998), "Old School" (2003), "Imaginary Heroes " (2004)
*Christine Vachon (A.B. 1983), acclaimed independent film producer, "I'm Not There " (2007), "Infamous " (2006), "The Notorious Bettie Page " (2005), "Far From Heaven " (2002), "Hedwig and the Angry Inch " (2001), "Boys Don't Cry" (1999); executive producer, "This American Life "
*Vanessa Vadim (A.B. 1990), independent documentary producer and cinematographer, "Quiltmakers of Gee's Bend" (2005), "Fire in Our House" (1995)
*Andrew Wagner (A.B. 1985), writer, director, "Starting Out in the Evening " (2007), "The Talent Given Us " (2004)
*Julie Warner (A.B. 1987), actress, "Doc Hollywood ", "Tommy Boy "
*JoBeth Williams (A.B. 1970) - actress, "The Big Chill", "Poltergeist"
*Richard S. Wright (A.B. 1982) - producer, "Runaway Bride", "Arlington Road ", "The Mothman Prophecies", "Underworld", "Crank", "Untraceable"
*Ryan Shiraki (A.B. 1992) - writer, director, "Home of Phobia ", "Poster Boy ", "Spring Breakdown", "Family Dancing (forthcoming) "Television
*
Jonathan Adler (A.B.) - lead judge, Bravo's "Top Design "; potter
*Julie Bowen (A.B. 1991) - actress, "Boston Legal ", "Ed", "Happy Gilmore " (1996)
*Warren Brown - host, "Sugar Rush (Food Network) "
*Jessica Capshaw (A.B. 1998) - actress, "The Practice ", "Minority Report" (2002)
*Jordan Carlos (A.B. 2001) - comedian,Stephen Colbert 's "black friend"
*Jude Ciccolella (B.A.) - actor, best known for his role as Mike Novik in24 (TV series)
*Robin Green (1967) -Emmy Award winning writer/producer, "The Sopranos ", "Northern Exposure "
*David Groh - (1961)actor, most notably in "Rhoda "
*Marin Hinkle - actress, "Once and Again ", "Two and a Half Men "
*Tina Holmes - (1995) actress, "Six Feet Under"
*Rhonda Ross Kendrick (A.B. 1993) -Daytime Emmy -nominated actress ("Another World"), daughter ofDiana Ross
*Rory Kennedy (A.B. 1990) -Emmy Award winning documentary producer, director, and writer, "American Hollow" (1999), "Fire in Our House" (1995), "Ghosts of Abu Ghraib "
*John Krasinski (A.B. 2002) - actor, "The Office", "Leatherheads ", "License to Wed "
*Clea Lewis (A.B. 1987) - actress, "Ellen", "Andy Barker, P.I. "
*Ian Maxtone-Graham (A.B. 1982.5) - writer, producer, "The Simpsons ", "Saturday Night Live "
*Masi Oka (Sc. B. 1997) - actor, "Heroes", "Scrubs", "Will and Grace ", "Gilmore Girls ", "Get Smart" (2008)
*Tracee Ellis Ross (A.B. 1995), actress ("Girlfriends "), daughter ofDiana Ross *Austin Winsberg (A.B. 1998) - writer/producer, "Jake in Progress" (2005)
*Suzanne Whang (Sc. M. 1986) - hostHGTV 's "House Hunters "Theater
*Kate Burton (A.B. 1979) - actress; nominated for three
Tony Award s; also onGrey's Anatomy as Dr. Ellis Grey
*James Naughton (A.B. 1967) - actor, two-timeTony Award winner for "City of Angels " (1992) and "Chicago" (1996); also featured in films such as "The Paper Chase " (1973), "The Glass Menagerie " (1987) and "The Devil Wears Prada" (2006)
*Lynn Nottage (A.B. 1986) - playwright,MacArthur Fellowship recipient
*Burt Shevelove -Tony Award winning playwright, "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum "
*David Yazbek (1982) -Emmy Award winning andTony Award -nominated writer, musician, composer, and lyricist, "The Full Monty"
*John Lloyd Young (A.B. 1998) - actor;Tony Award winner for "Jersey Boys " (2006); lead vocalist, 2007 Grammy-winning "Jersey Boys" albumReligion
*
Joshua Toulmin (A.M. 1769) - English Dissenting minister with U.S. sympathies
*Alfred W. Anthony , 1883, Professor atBates College andCobb Divinity School , author,Free Will Baptist ministerRoyalty
*
Leila Pahlavi (A.B. 1992) - Princess ofIran ; youngest daughter ofMohammad Reza Pahlavi , deposedShah of Iran .
*Prince Faisal bin Al Hussein (Sc.B. 1985) - a son of the late KingHussein of Jordan ; Commander of theJordan Royal Air Force.
*Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark (A.B. 1993) - member of the titular royal family of Greece.
*Prince Rahim Aga Khan (A.B 1995) - Eldest son of Prince KarimAga Khan IV
*Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (A.B. 2006) - member of the titular royal family of Greece.
*The Lady Gabriella Windsor (A.B. 2004) - member of the British Royal Family; daughter of the Prince and Princess Michael of KentVisual arts
*
Barnaby Evans (1975) - creator of the environmental art installationWaterFire
*Susan Freedman (A.B. 1982) - president of thePublic Art Fund , an arts organization that commissions public installations by established and emerging contemporary visual artists
*Norman Isham (A.B. 1886, M.A. 1890) - Rhode Island historical architect
*Paul Laffoley (A.B. 1962) - artist and architect
*Richard Kostelanetz (A.B. 1962) - book-art, audio, video, photography, film, holography, etc.
*Maureen Paley (A.B. 1970s) - established the first East End gallery in London, represents the work of important contemporary artists
*Jeff Shesol - cartoonist, "Thatch" and scriptwriter forBill Clinton [cite web
url = http://web.princeton.edu/sites/amstudies/Shesolbio.htm
publisher = Program in American Studies at Princeton
accessdate = 2007-06-25}]
*Thomas Alexander Tefft (1851) - pioneer American architect
*Raymond Hood (1902) - Famous Architect whose works includeTribune Tower in Chicago andRockefeller Center in New YorkAthletics
Auto racing
*
Mark Donohue (1959) - professional racing driver, 1972 Indianapolis 500 champion, first to drive at Indy for record-setting car owner Roger Penske (1969), fatally injured in a crash in practice for the Formula One Austrian Grand Prix (1975), inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America and the International Motorsports Hall of Fame (1991)Baseball
*
Bill Almon (1975) - professionalbaseball player for theSan Diego Padres ,New York Mets ,Chicago White Sox ,Oakland Athletics andPittsburgh Pirates ; #1 pick in the 1974 draft
*Mark Attanasio (A.B. 1979) - financier and owner of theMilwaukee Brewers
*Charley Bassett - professional baseball player
*Tommy Dowd - professional baseball player
*Dave Fultz - professional baseball player
*Irving "Bump" Hadley (Class of 1928) - professional baseball player,pitcher for the Washington Senators andNew York Yankees
*Mike Lynch - professional baseball player
*Lee Richmond - professional baseball player, pitched the first perfect game in major league baseball history
*Fred Tenney - professional baseball player
*Frank Philbrick - professional baseball playerFootball
*
Don Colo (1950) - professionalAmerican football player, All-Pro who played for theCleveland Browns
*John W. Heisman (Class of 1891) - college American football player and coach; namesake of theHeisman Trophy
*Steve Jordan (A.B. 1981) - professional American football player, 6-time All-Protight end who played for theMinnesota Vikings
*Sean Morey -Special Teams Captain of 2005Super Bowl XL ChampionPittsburgh Steelers
*Joe Paterno (A.B. 1950) - American football coach for Penn State
*Fritz Pollard (A.B. 1919) - first blackAll-America n halfback; first blackNational Football League head coach; inducted into thePro Football Hall of Fame
*Edward North Robinson (1896) - [American football coach atUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln , Brown, Tufts,Boston University , and for theProvidence Steam Roller
*Wallace Wade (1917) - American football coach at theUniversity of Alabama and then Duke; namesake of Duke's football stadium
*Mel Farr (2012)- American football player, 6-time all pro cornerback for theDetroit Lions
*Zak DeOssie (2007) - American Football, Linebacker for the NY Giants
*John Harris- Professional American football player with theSeattle Seahawks and theMinnesota Vikings , Co-host of the Sean and John Show on 1560 the Game, Houston, TexasOlympics
*
Kathleen Kauth (2001) - ice hockey player, Olympic Bronze medalist
*Katie King (1997) - ice hockey player, Olympic Gold, Silver, and Bronze medalist
*Xeno Müller - Swiss rower and Gold Medalist in the single scull at the1996 Atlanta Olympics
*Jimmy Pedro (A.B. 1994) - most decorated AmericanJudo athlete; Judo World Champion (1999); two-time Olympicbronze medal ist (1996, 2004)
*Alicia Sacramone , (2010), 2008 Summer Olympics, Beijing, U.S. Women's Gymnastic Team Silver Medal
*John Spellman (1924) - Olympicgold medal ist for light heavyweightfreestyle wrestling (1924)
*Norman Taber (1913) - track and field athlete, member of the 1912 Olympic gold medal-winning 3,000-m relay team
*Anna Willard (2006)- 2008 Olympic qualifier 3000m steeplechase, American record holder in 3000m steeplechase [cite web|date=July 3 ,2008 |title=2008 U.S. Olympic Team Trails|url=http://www.usatf.org/events/2008/OlympicTrials-TF/results/F20.asp|publisher=USA Track & Field |accessdate=2008-07-11]Other sports
*
Curt Bennett (1970) - professionalice hockey player, St. Louis Blues andAtlanta Flames
*Yann Danis (A.B. 2004) - professional ice hockey goaltender for theNew York Islanders
*Cory Gibbs (2001) - professionalfootball (soccer) player,Charlton Athletic ,English Premier League
*Emrah Gultekin (1995) -Captain of the Turkish National Swimming Team
*Fred Hovey (1890) - professionaltennis player, U.S. Open Men's Doubles Champion (1893) and Men's Singles Champion (1895)
*Timothy Kelly (2002) - General Manager of theNew York Titans of theNational Lacrosse League .
*Jeff Larentowicz (2005) - professional football (soccer) player,New England Revolution ,Major League Soccer
*Alicia Sacramone (2010) - American Gymnast and winner of several World Championships and Olympic medals.
*Bill Wirtz - owner of theChicago Blackhawks
*Jason Forte - 2004 Ivy League Player of the YearUnclassified
*
Michael V. Bhatia (A.B. 1999) -Medal of Freedom recipient
*Amy Carter (Class of 1989) - daughter of former PresidentJimmy Carter ; political activist
*William C. Chase (A.B. 1916) - soldier
*Allegra Versace (Class of 2008) - heiress toGianni Versace 's fortune and daughter ofDonatella Versace .
*Luke Weil (Class of 2002) - heir toAutotote fortune, appeared onJamie Johnson 's documentaryBorn Rich .Notable faculty
*
Ama Ata Aidoo -Ghana ian novelist and playwright: "Visiting Professor of Africana Studies and Literary Arts"
*Susan E. Alcock - Archaeologist, MacArthur Award recipient: Professor of Classics, Director of the Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World
*Nancy Armstrong - literary critic and author of "": "Nancy Duke Lewis Professor of Comparative Literature, English, Modern Culture & Media, and Gender Studies"
*Thomas Banchoff - American mathematician specializing in geometry. He is very well known for his research in differential geometry in three and four dimensions.: "Professor of Mathematics"
*David Berson - discovered third photoreceptor in the eye (in addition to rods and cones): "Professor of Medical Science, Associate Professor of Neuroscience"
*Tracy Breton - winner of the 1994 Pulitzer Prize for investigative reporting: "Visiting Professor of English"
*Fernando Cardoso - former president ofBrazil : "Professor-at-large of International Studies"
*Lincoln Chafee (A.B. 1975) - former Republican member of the United States Senate: "Distinguished Visiting Fellow in International Relations"
*Jarat Chopra - international lawyer, father of peacekeeping doctrine since the Cold War: "Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies faculty member" 1990-2007
*Leon Neil Cooper -Nobel Prize in Physics 1972; father ofsuperconductivity : "Thomas J. Watson, Sr. Professor of Physics"
*Robert Coover - post-modern writer, "Spanking the Maid", "The Origin of the Brunists"; notable for hismetafiction ;electronic writing pioneer: "T. B. Stowell University Professor, Adjunct Professor of English"
*Robert Creeley - celebrated poet, "For Love": "Professor of English"
*Philip J. Davis - applied mathematician and philosopher of mathematics; co-author of "The Mathematical Experience ": "Professor Emeritus of Applied Mathematics"
*Anne DeGroot - medical researcher developing vaccines for infectious diseases includingHIV , TB,West Nile virus ,smallpox , andtularemia : "Associate Professor of Community Health"*John Donoghue (Ph.D. 1979) - founder of Cyberkinetics, a company that won FDA approval to test brain/robot interfaces (such as
BrainGate ) on humans: "Professor and Chair of Neuroscience"
*David F. Duncan - epidemiologist and addictionologist, author of "Drugs and the Whole Person": "Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine"
*Peter D. Eimas : "Professor of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences"
*Oskar Eustis -theatre director , commissioned and directed world premiere of "Angels in America ": "Professor of English"
*Carlos Fuentes - Mexican writer, "The Death of Artemio Cruz": "Professor-at-large of Hispanic Studies"
*Forrest Gander - poet, author of "Eye Against Eye", "Torn Awake",Whiting Writers' Award and Howard Foundation Award winner: "Professor of English and Comparative Literature
*Gerald Guralnik - physicist; (co-)discoverer of the Higgs mechanism
*Michael S. Harper - poet; firstPoet Laureate of the State ofRhode Island : "Professor of English"
*James Head (Ph.D. 1969) - planetary geologist who trainedApollo astronauts and led imaging teams for NASA's interplanetary unmanned probes, from theViking program to Mars: "Louis and Elizabeth Scherck Distinguished Professor of Geological Sciences"
*Dwight B. Heath - anthropologist, foremost anthropological researcher and scholar in field of alcohol studies.: "Research Professor of Anthropology"
*Richard Holbrooke (A.B. 1962; LL.D. 1997) - broker of theDayton Accords ; former U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.: "Professor-at-Large of International Studies"
*Stephen Houston - archeologist, expert on Mayan hieroglyphics: "Professor of Anthropology"*
David Kertzer - historian, anthropologist, author of "The Kidnapping ofEdgardo Mortara " and "Prisoner of the Vatican ": "Provost, Paul Dupee, Jr. University Professor of Social Science, Professor of Anthropology, and Professor of Italian Studies
*Sergei Khrushchev - son ofNikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev : "Senior Fellow in International Studies"
*Jaegwon Kim - philosopher of mind, action theorist, author of "Mind in a Physical World": "William Herbert Perry Faunce Professor of Philosophy"
*J. Michael Kosterlitz - of The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition (Condensed Matter Physics): "Professor of Physics"
*Peter D. Kramer - author, "Listening to Prozac", "Against Depression": "Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior"
*Ricardo Lagos - former president ofChile : "Professor-at-large of International Studies"
*George Lamming - Barbadian author, "In the Castle of My Skin", "Natives of My Person": "Visiting Professor of Africana Studies and Literary Arts"
*David C. Lewis - addictions specialist and authority on drug policy: " Donald G. Millar Distinguished Professor of Alcohol and Addiction"
*Glenn Loury - Once regarded as 'one of the most prominent black conservatives in the nation' now considered much more 'progressive.': "Professor of Economics"
*Kenneth R. Miller (Sc.B. 1970) - supporter ofevolution involved in numerous public debates and trials about the teaching ofintelligent design in schools: "Professor of Biology"
*David Mumford -Fields Medal winning mathematician, MacArthur Fellow: "Professor of Applied Mathematics"
*Ron Nelson - composer: "Professor of Music (retired)"
*Otto Neugebauer - historian of mathematics: "Professor of the History of Mathematics"
*Lars Onsager - Norwegian-born physicist who taught at Brown (1928–1933);Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968 awarded forOnsager reciprocal relations , produced while at Brown but was not tenured:
*Paul Phillips (conductor) - conductor, composer, and world's leading scholar on the music of authorAnthony Burgess .: "Professor of Music and Director of Orchestras and Chamber Music"
*David Pingree - Professor of the History of Mathematics and of Classics, MacArthur Fellow (1981)
*William Poole - President of theFederal Reserve Bank of St Louis (1998–Present); Served on Reagan's White House Council of Economic Advisors [ [http://stlouisfed.org/news/press_room/bios.html#poole Bios - St. Louis Fed ] ] : "Herbert H. Goldberger Professor of Economics (1974–1998)"
*Kurt Raaflaub : "Professor of Classics and History"
*Robert Scholes - President,Modern Language Association ; author, "The Rise and Fall of English"; co-author, "The Nature of Narrative": "Andrew W. Mellon Professor Emeritus of Modern Culture and Media"
*Joseph H. Silverman - Number theorist, co-founder ofNTRU Cryptosystems, Inc. : "Professor of Mathematics"
*Ernest Sosa - philosopher, epistemologist
*Leslie Thornton - experimental filmmaker, "Peggy and Fred in Hell": "Professor of Modern Culture and Media"
*Andries "Andy" van Dam -computer graphics pioneer, co-founder ofACM SIGGRAPH , and creator ofhypertext : "Thomas J. Watson, Jr. University Professor of Technology and Education, Professor of Computer Science, former (and first) Vice President for Research"
*Paula Vogel - Pulitzer Prize winning playwright, "How I Learned to Drive": "Adele Kellenberg Seaver Professor of English"
*Xu Wenli - founder of theChinese Democratic Party : "Visiting Senior Fellow in International Studies"
*Darrell M. West - author of multiple books including "Digital Government" and "Cross Talk"; developer of website www.InsidePolitics.org; vice president and director of governance studies at theBrookings Institution cite web | url=http://www.brookings.edu/experts/westd.aspx | title = Darrell M. West | publisher =Brookings Institution | accessdate =2008-09-16 ] :"John Hazen White Professor of Public Policy and Political Science and director of the A. Alfred Taubman Center for Public Policy"
*John Edgar Wideman - writer (two timePEN/Faulkner Award winner), "Philadelphia Fire": "Asa Messer Professor and Professor of Africana Studies and Literary Arts"
*Gordon S. Wood -Pulitzer Prize for History winner, "The Radicalism of the American Revolution": "Alva O. Way University Professor and Professor of History"
*C. D. Wright - poet, "String Light"; MacArthur Fellowship winner (2004): "Israel J. Kapstein Professor of English"
*Charles Larmore - political philosopher, formerly at Chicago Law School, famous for critique of Rawlsian liberalism. Winner of the Grand Prix de Philosophie,Academie Francais 2004Presidents of Brown University
*
Ruth Simmons
*Sheila Blumstein (interim)
*Gordon Gee
*Vartan Gregorian
*Howard Robert Swearer
*Donald Frederick Hornig
*Ray Lorenzo Heffner
*Barnaby Conrad Keeney
*Henry Merritt Wriston
*Clarence Augustus Barbour
*William Herbert Parry Faunce
*Elisha Benjamin Andrews
*Ezekiel Gilman Robinson
*Alexis Caswell
*Barnas Sears
*Francis Wayland
*Asa Messer
*Jonathan Maxcy
*James ManningTrustees of Brown University
*
Frank E. Winsor (Ph.B. 1892, A.M. 1896, Sc.D. 1929) Civil Engineer
*Alain J.P. Belda Chairman of the Board & CEO of Alcoa
*Thomas W. Berry (A.B. 1969, Brown; M.B.A., Harvard Graduate School of Business) Investment Banker
*Mark S. Blumenkranz (A.B., M.S. 1976, M.D. 1976, Brown) Chairman of Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford School of Medicine
*Julie N. Brown
*James J. Burke, Jr. (A.B. 1973, Brown; M.B.A. 1979, Harvard Graduate School of Business) Investment Banker, Stonington Partners
*Spencer R. Crew (A.B. 1971, M.A. 1973, Ph.D. 1979, Brown) CEO, National Underground Railroad Center
*Charles M. Davis (A.B. 1982) Chairman & CEO, Fandango
*Cornelia Dean (A.B., "magna cum laude", 1969, Brown; M.A. 1981, Boston University) Science Editor, New York Times
*Katherine G. Farley (A.B. 1971, Brown; M.Arch. 1976, Harvard Graduate School of Design) Senior Managing Director, Tishman Speyer
*Richard A. Friedman (A.B. 1979, Brown; M.B.A. 1981, University of Chicago) Co-Head of Merchant Banking, Goldman Sachs & Co.
*Fredric B. Garonzik (A.B. 1964, Brown) Advisory Director, Goldman Sachs Group
*Martin J. Granoff (L.H.D. "Honoris causa" 2006, Brown) Textile company owner
*Cathy Frank Halstead (B.A., New York University) President, Sideny Frank Importing Co.
*Galen V. Henderson (M.D. 1993, Brown) Professor in Neurology, Harvard Medical School
*H. Anthony Ittleson (A.B. 1960, Brown) Chairman & President, The Ittleson Foundation
*Piyush "Bobby" Jindal (Sc.B. 1992, Brown) Governor, Louisiana
*Debra L. Lee (A.B. 1976, Brown; M.P.P. 1980, Harvard Kennedy School of Government; J.D. Harvard Law School) President & COO, BET Holdings, Inc.
*Karen M. Levy (A.B., honors, Brown; J.D. 1977, New York University School of Law)
*Matthew J. Mallow (A.B. 1964, Brown; J.D. 1967, New York University) Partner, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom
*Samuel M. Mencoff (A.B. 1978, Brown) Partner, Madison Dearborn Partners, Inc.
*Annette L. Nazareth (A.B. 1978, Brown) United States Securities & Exchange Commission commissioner
*Jonathan M. Nelson (A.B. 1977, Brown) CEO, Providence Equity Partners, Inc.
*Kenneth J. O'Keefe (A.B. 1976, Brown)
*Theresia G. Ranzetta (A.B. 1990, Brown) Managing Partner, Accel Partners
*Alison S. Ressler (A.B., "magna cum laude", 1980, Brown; J.D. 1983, Columbia University Law School) Partner,Sullivan & Cromwell
*Carmen Garcia Rodriguez (A.B. 1983, Brown; J.D. 1986, Columbia University School of Law)
*Hannelore Rodriguez-Farrar (A.B. 1987, A.M. 1990, Brown) Ph.D. candidate, Harvard Graduate School of Education
*Ralph F. Rosenberg (A.B. 1986, Brown) Managing Partner, R6 Capital Management
*Charles M. Royce (A.B. 1961, Brown; M.B.A. 1963, Columbia University) President & Chief Investment Officer, Royce & Associates, LLC
*Eileen M. Rudden (A.B. 1972, Brown) Technology Sector Advisor
*Joan Wernig Sorensen (A.B. 1972, Brown) Development and Public Relations
*Laurinda H. Spear (B.F.A. 1972, Brown) Architect
*Anita V. Spivey (A.B. 1974, Brown; J.D. Georgetown) Attorney
*Barry S. Sternlicht (A.B., "magna cum laude" with honors, 1960, Brown; M.B.A., with distinction, Harvard Business School) Chairman & CEO, Starwood Capital Group
*Marta Tienda (B.A. 1972, Michigan State University; Ph.D. 1977, University of Texas-Austin) Maurice P. During '22 Professor in Demographic Studies & Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs, Princeton University
*Thomas J. Tisch (A.B. 1976, Brown; J.D. 1979, New York University) Managing Partner, Four Partners
*Ambassador William H. Twaddell (A.B. 1963, Brown)
*Jerome C. Vascellaro (A.B. 1974, Brown; M.B.A., Harvard Business School) Partner, Texas Pacific Group
*Peter S. Voss (A.B. 1968, Brown) Chairman & CEO, IXIS Asset Management Group
*William P. Wood (A.B. 1978, Brown) Co-founder, Austin Ventures"Honoris Causa" Laureates
*
Joseph R. Weisberger (LL.D. , 1992)
*Johnnetta B. Cole (L.H.D. , 1992)
* Professor SirJohn Huxtable Elliott (1996)
*Miguel León-Portilla (1996)
*José E. Mindlin (1996)
*William Sturtevant (L.H.D. , 1996)
*Brian Dickinson (L.H.D. , 1999)
*John Glenn (LL.D. , 1999)
*John Hume (LL.D. , 1999)
*Ruth Kirschstein (D.M.S. , 1999)
* H.M.Queen Noor of Jordan (L.H.D. , 1999)
*Romano Prodi (LL.D. , 1999)
*William J. Raspberry (L.H.D. , 1999)
*Steven Spielberg (L.H.D. , 1999)
*Julia V. Taft (L.H.D. , 1999)
*Madeleine Korbel Albright (LL.D. , 2001)
*Kofi Annan (LL.D. , 2001)
*Sheila Blumstein (Sc.D. , 2001)
*Demetrios Christodoulou (Sc.D. , 2001)
*Oskar Eustis (D.F.A. , 2001)
*Margaret H. Marshall (LL.D. , 2001)
*Lorrin A. Riggs (Sc.D. , 2001)
*Philip Roth (Litt.D. , 2001)
*Lawrence M. Small (L.H.D. , 2001)
*Ruth Bader Ginsburg (LL.D. , 2002)
*Mikhail Gorbachev (LL.D. , 2003)
*Christo (D.F.A. , 2005)
*Jeanne-Claude (D.F.A. , 2005)
*David Eggers (Litt.D. , 2005)
*Sidney Frank (L.H.D. , 2005)
*Wesley Huntress (Sc.D. , 2005)
*Mary-Claire King (D.M.S. , 2005)
*Phylicia Rashad (D.F.A. , 2005)
*William R. Rhodes (L.H.D. , 2005)
*Sima Samar (L.H.D. , 2005)
*Philip A. Smith (D.D. , 2005)
*Geoffrey Canada (L.H.D. , 2006)
*Juliet V. Garcia (L.H.D. , 2006)
*Martin J. Granoff (L.H.D. , 2006)
*Kay Redfield Jamison (D.M.S. , 2006)
*Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (LL.D. , 2006)
*Friedrich St.Florian (D.F.A. , 2006)
*Suniti Solomon (D.M.S. , 2006)
*Paul A. Volcker (L.H.D. , 2006)
*Stanley Aronson (D.M.S. , 2007)
*Chris Berman (L.H.D. , 2007)
* Kate Burton (D.F.A. , 2007)
*B.B. King (D.Mus. , 2007)
*Craig Mello (Sc.D. , 2007)
*Samantha Power (L.H.D. , 2007)
*Scott Cowen (LL.D. , 2007)
*Norman Francis (LL.D. , 2007)
*Marvalene Hughes (LL.D. , 2007)Fictitious alumni and faculty
*
Josiah Carberry - Professor of Psychoceramics (the study of cracked pots), who was created as a joke in 1929 and who has become a tradition at Brown
*Andrea Sachs - The main character in the 2003 novel "The Devil Wears Prada" byLauren Weisberger . However, in the film version, Sachs is a graduate ofNorthwestern University .
*Ann August (played byNatalie Portman ) - central character in "Anywhere but Here"; daughter of Adele August (played bySusan Sarandon ). Ann applies and is accepted to Brown, much to her mother's dismay over the distance.
*Clippy -Microsoft Office Assistant represented as an animatedpaperclip , who, according to hisrésumé , has a degree in art-semiotics from Brown, where he "graduated "cum laude" with a performing arts thesis that involved twisting myself into a representation of Michelangelo's "David"
*Amy Gardner (played byMary-Louise Parker ) -women's rights activist and later Chief of Staff to theFirst Lady Abbey Bartlet in the television series "The West Wing". Gardner was asked by the First Lady where she got "such a smart mouth", to which Gardner quickly replied "Brown."
*Brian Griffin (voiced bySeth MacFarlane ) - erudite, alcoholic dog from the animated television series "Family Guy "; dropped out one class short of graduating; re-enrolls and fails in the episode "Brian Goes Back to College "
*Nick Mercer (played byDermot Mulroney ) - a male escort hired by Kat Ellis (played byDebra Messing ) to be her date to her sister's wedding in the film "The Wedding Date ". Mercer graduated from Brown with a degree inComparative Literature .
*Otto Mann (voiced byHarry Shearer ) - bus driver from the animated television series "The Simpsons ", who claims to have almost receivedtenure as a professor at Brown in one ofLisa Simpson 's dream sequences
*Jonathan "Mox" Moxon (played byJames Van Der Beek ) - main character of the film "Varsity Blues", the tormented replacement quarterback for his small-town Texas high school football team must devote himself to football and become a hero despite just wanting to sit on the bench and readKurt Vonnegut . Receives acceptance to Brown, but his coach blackmails him to play football by threatening to ruin his transcript
*Julianne Potter (played byJulia Roberts ) - main character of the film "My Best Friend's Wedding " and her "best friend" Michael O'Neal (played byDermot Mulroney ), who met and made their marriage pact while attending Brown
*Audrey Raines (played byKim Raver ) -Jack Bauer 's lover and Inter-Agency Liaison in the U.S. Department of Defense in the television series "24"; earned an A.M. inpublic policy from Brown
*Elliot Reid in the television series "Scrubs"; revealed in the episode "My Turf War " that she and her sorority sister Melody O'Hara attended Brown
*Monica Reyes (played byAnnabeth Gish ) - FBI Special Agent in the television series "The X-Files ", who studiedfolklore andmythology at Brown
*Jessica Stein (played byJennifer Westfeldt ) - titular character of the film "Kissing Jessica Stein "
*Eileen Stevens - mom on "Even Stevens "
*Jaye Tyler (played byCaroline Dhavernas ) - snarky souvenir store clerk and main character of the television series "Wonderfalls ", who studiedphilosophy at Brown
*Bridget "Bee" Vreeland - from the novel seriesSisterhood of the Traveling Pants
*Bill Wentz (played byJack Noseworthy ) - U.S. Navy radioman in the film "U-571", who studied German at Brown
*Seth Cohen (played byAdam Brody ) and his girlfriendSummer Roberts (played byRachel Bilson ) - in the television series "The O.C. " both applied to Brown and had interviews with the admissions tutor from Brown. In a few episodes, both were seen competing to gain more extracurricular activities to add to their C.V. hopefully to increase their chances to Brown. Ultimately however, Seth was rejected and Summer was accepted.
*Linda (played byMarisa Tomei ) and Andrew (played byAllen Covert ) are Brown alums in the movie "Anger Management ". Linda is Adam Sandler's girlfriend, and Andrew has been Linda's best friend since they dated at Brown. Andrew emasculates Sandler by forcing him to admit that he attendedTrenton Community College , asking "where did you go to school again?" In another scene, Andrew tells Linda that "I rented out the entire sports bar. I thought it would be fun if it was just us Brown alums." He also tries to drum up their old romance by saying, "Do you remember back at Brown when we went up to see the Red Sox game?" In the movie, Sandler describes aRed Sox bra as "represent [ing] everything that I hate."Jack Nicholson , whose character went toColumbia University , reinforces the New York v. New England/Brown motif when he tells Sandler "Andrew is gonna try and recreate those hotsy-totsy nights up at Brown U."
*"As Good As It Gets " -Jack Nicholson 's psychiatrist mentions her son got into Brown. Nicholson is indifferent because he has anantisocial personality.
*Bill Buchanan from the TV series "24" has an English degree from Brown.
* George Gammell Angell, great-uncle of the narrator of HP Lovecraft's "The Call of Cthulhu ", professor of Semitic Languages at Brown University.
* Marina Thwaite, Danielle Minkoff and Julian Clarke, characters fromClaire Messud 's 2006 novel The Emperor's Children, were all friends at Brown University.
* In the CW TV show Gossip Girl episode entitled "Poison Ivy",Serena van der Woodsen 's (Blake Lively ) father OR mother (not said) attended Brown University. The other parent went toHarvard University .
* Christine Everhart (played byLeslie Bibb ), 2008 Iron Man film: A Vanity Fair columnist who questions and interrogates Stark about his weapons industry, claiming that his company is killing people. Stark asks if she attended Berkeley, but she corrects him and says "Brown, actually." Later, she appears again, to tell Stark of the Ten Rings in Gulmira and at the end, suspecting Stark of being Iron Man.
* InHamlet 2 , the main character, a drama teacher assumes aLatino student is agangster . In actuality, his father is an accomplished author and he gained early admission to Brown.
=References=
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