City of Manchester Stadium

Not to be confused with Docklands Stadium, also known as the Etihad Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium in Melbourne, Australia.

Etihad Stadium
Eastlands[1] CoMS[2] SportCity[3]
UEFA Elite Stadium
Former names	City of Manchester Stadium[4]
Location	SportCity, Rowsley St., Manchester M11 3FF
Coordinates	53°28′59″N 2°12′1″W / 53.48306°N 2.20028°W / 53.48306; -2.20028Coordinates: 53°28′59″N 2°12′1″W / 53.48306°N 2.20028°W / 53.48306; -2.20028
Broke ground	December 1999[5]
Opened	25 July 2002 (as an athletics stadium) 10 August 2003 (as a football stadium)
Expanded	2002–2003
Owner	Manchester City Council
Operator	Manchester City F.C.
Surface	Desso GrassMaster
Construction cost	£112 million (initial athletics stadium)[6] £22 million (conversion for football)[6] £20 million (fitting out football stadium)[6]
Architect	Arup Associates (architectural design) KSS Architects Ltd. (stadium fitout design)
Main contractors	Laing Construction Ltd. (initial construction) Laing O'Rourke (stadium conversion) Watson Steel Ltd. (steelwork construction)
Capacity	47,805 – Domestic football (2011–)[7] 47,726 – Domestic football (2003–11)[8] 45,500 – UEFA-governed football[9] 60,000 – Music concerts[10] 57,000 – Boxing[11] 38,000 – Commonwealth Games[12]
Field dimensions	105 by 68 metres (344 × 223 ft)
Tenants
Manchester City F.C. Major sporting events hosted 2002 Commonwealth Games 2005 UEFA Women's Championship 2008 UEFA Cup Final Ricky Hatton vs. Juan Lazcano (2008 IBO world title fight) Also see: Music concerts

The City of Manchester Stadium^[1][3][4] in Manchester, England – also now known as the Etihad Stadium^[13] for sponsorship purposes^[4] – is the home ground of Manchester City. Also referred to by its abbreviated acronym CoMS,^[2] site name Eastlands,^[1][3][14] and location name SportCity,^[3] it is the fifth-largest stadium in the Premier League and the twelfth-largest in the United Kingdom, with a maximum seating capacity of 47,805^[7] and a reduced seating capacity of 45,500 for UEFA-licensed football matches owing to UEFA sponsorship requirements.^[9]

The SportCity location, with a larger stadium configuration, was proposed for the main athletics arena in Manchester's failed bid for the 2000 Summer Olympics.^[15] In the successful bid for the 2002 Commonwealth Games the proposed capacity of the post-games converted stadium was reduced from 80,000 to about 50,000. This smaller stadium was built by Laing Construction at a cost of £112 million^[6][16] from a design by architectural consultants Arup Associates.^[17]

To ensure the long-term financial viability of the project after the Commonwealth Games, Manchester City F.C. leased the stadium from Manchester City Council as a replacement for Maine Road, but only after the northern segment of the stadium bowl was completed and the athletics track excavated^[18] to make way for an additional lower circumferential tier of 10,000 seats.^[12] The conversion from a field and track arena to a football stadium cost the city council £22 million.^[6][16] Manchester City F.C. spent an additional £20 million^[6][16] installing bars, restaurants and corporate entertainment areas. The club moved into its new home during the summer of 2003.

In addition to athletics, the stadium has hosted the 2008 UEFA Cup Final, England football internationals, rugby league internationals, boxing matches and music concerts.^[19]

Names

The stadium was named the City of Manchester Stadium by Manchester City Council before construction began in December 1999,^[5] but has a number of commonly used alternatives. Eastlands refers to the site and the stadium before they were named SportCity and CoMS respectively, and remains in common usage^[4] for the stadium and the whole complex, as does SportCity.^[3] City of Manchester Stadium is abbreviated to CoMS when written^[2] and spoken. The Blue Camp, a pun on Barcelona's Nou Camp, found little favour.^[20] After the club was taken over by the Emirati Abu Dhabi United Group in 2008 some supporters jokingly referred to the stadium as Middle Eastlands.^[21]

The football club, under new ownership, renegotiated its 250-year lease with the city council in October 2010, gaining the naming rights^[6] in return for a substantial increase in rent.^[16][22] The stadium was renamed the Etihad Stadium by the club in July 2011 as part of a ten year agreement with the team kit sponsors Etihad Airways.^[4] The agreement encompasses sponsorship of the stadium's name,^[23] extends the team kit sponsorship for ten years, ^[24] and includes plans to relocate the club's youth academy and training facilities to the Etihad Campus, a new development adjacent to the stadium.^[25]

Architecture

The exterior of the stadium – steel cables strung from masts hold the roof in place

When planning the development, Manchester City Council required a sustainable landmark structure that would be a beacon for the regeneration of the once heavily industrialised site surrounding Bradford Colliery, as well as providing spectators with good sightlines in an atmospheric arena.^[26] Arup Associates designed the stadium to be "an intimate, even intimidating, gladiatorial arena embodying the atmosphere of a football club" with the pitch six metres below ground level, a feature of Roman gladiatorial arenas and amphitheatres.^[26]

The football stadium's exterior is dominated by twelve masts which hold the toroidal-shaped stadium roof using a cable net system unlike the roofs of other stadia, which are held aloft by classic beamed cantilevered supports. Cables are attached to the twelve masts circling the stadium with rafters and purlins for additional roof support. The masts double as visual features, with the highest at 75 metres (246 ft). Access to the upper tiers of seats is provided by eight circular ramps with conical roofs resembling turrets above which eight of the twelve masts rise up providing the support structure for the roof.^[27]

The South, East and West Stands were built as part of the original athletics stadium configuration and have always had their roof supported by the cable net system. For the Commonwealth Games, the temporary open-roofed stand at the north end was built around the masts and tie down cables that would ultimately support the roof of the current North Stand.^[26] After the Games ended the track and field were excavated. The temporary bleachers at the north end were also removed and the North Stand, plus the new lower tier of seats, were constructed on this prepared excavation. The North Stand roof was completed by adding rafters, purlins and cladding.^[26] This conversion effort took about about a year to complete^[26] and increased the net seating capacity of the stadium by around 10,000 seats.^[12]

The stadium has facilities for players and match officials in a basement area below the West Stand, which also contains a kitchen that provides meals for up to 6,000 people on a match day, press rooms, ground staff storage, and even a prison cell.^[26] The fitting out of the hospitality suites, kitchens, offices, and concourse concessions was accomplished by KSS Architects, and also included the installation of the communications cabling and the automatic access control system.^[26]

To create the optimum grass playing surface in the stadium bowl, the roof was designed to maximize sunlight by using a ten-metre band of translucent polycarbonate at its periphery, while the corners of the stadium have perforated walls with louvres that can be adjusted to provide adequate airflow across the pitch.^[26] Drainage and under-pitch heating were also installed to provide optimum growing conditions for the grass.^[26]

Facilities

The Joe Mercer Way approach to CoMS

The stadium's interior is a continuous oval bowl, with three tiers of seating at the sides, and two tiers at each end. While the seating is continuous, each side of the stadium is named in the manner of a traditional football ground. Initially, all sides were named by compass direction (North Stand and South Stand for the ends, East Stand and West Stand for the sides).^[28] In February 2004, after a vote by fans, the West Stand was renamed the Colin Bell Stand in honour of the former player.^[29] The South Stand was named the Key 103 Stand for sponsorship reasons from 2003 to 2006,^{[citation needed]} though this was largely ignored by supporters. A portion of the North Stand was designated the Family Stand for supporters with children, but from season 2010–11 the entire North Stand was allocated to families. The East Stand is unofficially known by fans as the Kippax after the corresponding stand at Maine Road.^[30] Supporters of visiting teams are allocated part of the South Stand. The stadium has 66 executive boxes^[31] along the West, North and East Stands.

The main entrance

Entry is gained by contactless smart card rather than traditional manned turnstiles. The system can admit up to 1,200 people per minute through all entrances.^[32] A service tunnel under the stadium provides access for emergency vehicles and the visiting team's coach to enter the stadium directly. Inside the stadium are six themed restaurants, two of which have views of the pitch, and there are 66 executive boxes on the second tier.^[31] The stadium has conference facilities and is licensed for marriage ceremonies.^[33]

The stadium has a UEFA standard dimension pitch of 105 by 68 metres (115 × 74 yd), the widest and largest in England, covered with natural grass reinforced by artificial fibres made by Desso.^{[citation needed]} The pitch is lit by 218 2000-watt floodlights, consuming a total of 436,000 watts.^[34] The areas without seating in each corner of the ground have moveable louvres to allow for ventilation of the pitch.^[17] The pitch is recognised as being one of the best in English football, and has been nominated five times in the last nine seasons for best Premier League pitch, an accolade it won in 2010–11^[35] among other awards.^[36]

The stadium is the centrepiece of SportCity, which has several other sporting venues. Adjacent to the stadium is the Manchester Regional Arena, which served as a warm-up track during the Commonwealth Games and is now a 6,178-capacity venue that hosts national athletics trials and formerly hosted Manchester City reserve team games.^[37] The Manchester Velodrome and the National Squash Centre are a short distance from the stadium. In September 2006, Manchester City was granted planning permission to build an 85-metre (279 ft) wind turbine. Designed by Norman Foster, the turbine was intended to provide power for the stadium and nearby homes, but safety concerns about ice on the blades led to the proposal being abandoned.^[38] From 2005 to 2009 a Thomas Heatherwick sculpture, B of the Bang, was situated in front of the stadium. Built to celebrate the 2002 Commonwealth Games, it was the tallest sculpture in the UK. Structural problems led to it being dismantled in 2009.^[39]

In January 2007 it was announced that the UK's first Super Casino would be built at SportCity^[40] but plans were abandoned after it failed to receive authorisation from the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport.^[41]

History

Olympics, Commonwealth Games, Millennium and National Stadium bids

See also: Bids for the 1996 Summer Olympics, 2000 Summer Olympics bids, and 2002 Commonwealth Games

Model of the 80,000-seater stadium for Manchester's 2000 Olympic Bid. The stadium would have been mostly a larger version of the current CoMS, but with more access ramps and turrets, which directly support the roof with guy-wire unlike the current CoMS.

Plans to build a new stadium in Manchester were formulated before 1989 as part of the city's bid to host the 1996 Summer Olympics. Manchester City Council submitted a bid that included a design for an 80,000-capacity stadium on a greenfield site in west Manchester. The bid failed and Atlanta hosted the Games. Four years later the city council bid to host the 2000 Summer Olympics, but this time focusing on a brownfield site 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) east of the city centre on derelict land that was the site of Bradford Colliery,^[42] known colloquially as Eastlands. The council's shift in focus was driven by emerging government legislation on urban renewal, promising vital support funding for such projects; the government became involved in funding the purchase and clearance of the Eastlands site in 1992.^[17]

For the February 1993 bid the city council submitted another 80,000-capacity stadium design^[15] produced by design consultants Arup Associates, the firm that helped select the Eastlands site. In October 1993 the games were awarded to Sydney, but the following year Manchester submitted the same scheme design to the Millennium Commission as a "Millennium Stadium", only to have this proposal rejected. Undeterred, Manchester City Council subsequently bid to host the 2002 Commonwealth Games, once again proposing the same site along with stadium plans derived from the 2000 Olympics bid, and this time were successful. In 1996, this same planned stadium competed with Wembley Stadium to gain funding to become the new national stadium,^[43] but the money was used to redevelop Wembley.

Initial stadium configuration

The stadium's foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister Tony Blair in December 1999,^[5] and construction began in January 2000.^[44] The stadium was designed by Arup Associates and constructed by Laing Construction at a cost of approximately £112 million,^[6][16] £77 million of which was provided by Sport England, with the remainder funded by Manchester City Council.^[45] For the Commonwealth Games, the stadium featured a single lower tier of seating running around three sides of the athletics track, and second tiers to the two sides, with an open-air temporary stand at one end, providing a total seating capacity for the Games of approximately 38,000.^[12][46]

The first public event at the stadium was the opening ceremony of the 2002 Commonwealth Games on 25 July 2002. Among the dignitaries present was Queen Elizabeth II who made a speech and 'declared the Commonwealth Games open'.^[47] During the ten days of competition, the stadium hosted athletics events and the rugby sevens. Four Commonwealth records were set at the stadium, including the women's triple jump and the women's 5000 m.^[48]

Conversion for football

See also: Manchester City F.C.

City of Manchester Stadium during the 2002 Commonwealth Games, with 2 tiers of permanent seating

... and after redevelopment into a football stadium, now with 3 tiers of seating

After successful athletics events at the Commonwealth Games, conversion into a football venue was criticised by athletics figures such as Jonathan Edwards and Sebastian Coe,^[49] as the United Kingdom lacked a large athletics venue. The council was keen to keep the athletics track and proposed that movable seating be installed after the games.^[50] Had the proposal been accepted the seating capacity would have been about 60,000 but it would have cost around £50 million,^[51] compared with £22 million^[6][16] to remove the track and achieve a capacity of around 48,000. Architects Arup believed history demonstrated that maintaining a rarely used athletics track often does not work with football – and cited examples such as the Stadio delle Alpi and the Munich Olympic Stadium, with both Juventus and Bayern Munich moving to new stadiums less than 40 years after inheriting them.^[52] Manchester City Council wished to avoid creating a white elephant, so to give the stadium long-term financial viability, extensive work was carried out to convert it from a field and track arena to a football stadium.

Sections of the track were removed and relaid at other athletics venues,^[53] and the ground level was lowered to make way for an additional tier of seating. The temporary stand was dismantled, and replaced with a permanent structure of similar design to the existing one at the southern end. This work took nearly a year to complete and added 10,000 seats.^[12] Manchester City F.C. moved to the ground in time for the start of the 2003–04 season. The total cost of this conversion was in excess of £40 million, with the track, pitch and seating conversion being funded by the city council at a cost of £22 million.^[6][16]; and the installation of bars, restaurants and corporate entertainment areas throughout the stadium being funded by the football club at a cost of £20 million.^[6][16]

The first public football match at the stadium was a friendly between Manchester City and Barcelona on 10 August 2003. Manchester City won the game 2–1, with Nicolas Anelka scoring the first goal.^[54][55]

The first competitive match followed four days later, a UEFA Cup match between Manchester City and Welsh Premier League side The New Saints, which City won 5–0.^[56] Having started the Premier League season with an away match, beating Charlton Athletic 3–0, Manchester City's first home league fixture in the new stadium was on 23 August, a game they drew 1–1 with Portsmouth.^[57]

To date, the record football attendance is 47,408, set at a Premier League match between the home club and Newcastle United on 19 November 2011.^[58] This match also set a number of historical footballing records, such as the Manchester club becoming the first ever team to win 11 of its opening 12 games in a Premier League season.^[59]

Reception

Average Premier League attendances

Season	Stadium capacity	Average attendance	% of capacity	Ranking within PL
2011–12	47,805	46,953*	98.2%*	3rd highest
2010–11	47,726[8]	45,880	96.1%	4th highest
2009–10	47,726[8]	45,512	95.4%	3rd highest
2008–09	47,726[8]	42,900	89.9%	5th highest
2007–08	47,726[8]	42,126	88.3%	6th highest
2006–07	47,726[8]	39,997	83.8%	6th highest
2005–06	47,726[8]	42,856	89.8%	4th highest
2004–05	47,726[8]	45,192	94.7%	3rd highest
2003–04	47,726[8]	46,834	98.1%	3rd highest
* after 10 games (approximately 25%) of current season completed.

The 2002 Commonwealth Games were deemed a huge success ^[60] and the stadium gained critical acclaim for its atmosphere and architectural design.^[61] It has won a number of design awards, including the 2004 Royal Institute of British Architects Inclusive Design Award for inclusive building design,^[62] and the 2003 Institution of Structural Engineers Structural Special Award.^[63]

Reception by Manchester City supporters was polarised, with some lukewarm about moving from Maine Road which had a reputation for being one of English football's most atmospheric grounds whilst others were enthusiastic about the bigger stadium and move back to east Manchester where the club was formed. Today, the club boasts more than 33,000 season ticket holders^[64] each season, which is more than the maximum capacity of Maine Road just before the club moved homes.

A 2007 Premier League survey found that fans thought sight lines at the stadium were the second best in the Premier League after the Emirates Stadium.^[65] Opposition fans have generally given positive feedback, with CoMS coming second to Old Trafford in a 2005 poll to find the United Kingdom's favourite football ground."Old Trafford 'UK's favourite football ground'". Life Style Extra. Archived from the original on 4 November 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051104071935/http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=GE117153Y&news_headline=old_trafford_uks_favourite_football_ground. Retrieved 19 September 2006. </ref> In 2010, the City of Manchester Stadium was the third most visited stadium after Old Trafford and Anfield by overseas visitors.^[66]

In the early years of Manchester City's tenure the stadium suffered from a poor atmosphere, a common problem with modern stadia when compared with traditional football grounds such as Maine Road. In the 2007 Premier League survey Manchester City supporters rated the atmosphere as second worst in the league,^[65] but the atmosphere has since improved.^[67]

Future

The stadium is owned by Manchester City Council and leased by the football club. The 2008 takeover made the football club the wealthiest in the world,^[68] prompting suggestions that it could consider buying the stadium outright.^[69] Manchester City signed an agreement with Manchester City Council in March 2010 to allow a £1 billion redevelopment led by architect Rafael Viñoly.^[70][71]

In September 2010, Manchester City Council reported that a decision on the financial terms of the stadium lease would be amended by January 2011.^[72] Manchester City renegotiated the stadium lease to pay £3 million a year rather than half the ticket sales revenue over 35,000 being paid to the council which amounted to approximately £2 million.^[73] The £3 million single payment agreement signals the club is looking to expand and is linked to Manchester City "considering potential development as part of a contribution to the regeneration of east Manchester",^[73] a reference to the Etihad Campus development.

For the current and previous seasons, the club has sold all 36,000 of its allocated season tickets^[74] and is now looking at increasing the stadium's capacity. The club's agreement with Manchester City Council in March 2010 allows redevelopment around the stadium and possible stadium expansion to 60,000.^[71] An increase in capacity to 60,000 could be achieved by adding a third tier to the north and south stands behind the goals. The club consulted Arup Associates on how capacity expansion could be achieved considering the advanced structure of the stadium.^{[citation needed]}

In July 2011, the stadium was renamed the Etihad Stadium sponsored by Etihad Airways.^[23] Development plans for the Etihad Campus adjoining the stadium were revealed in mid-September 2011. The club released images of a cutting-edge youth academy and training facility, including a 7,000-capacity mini stadium on derelict land adjacent to the stadium's SportCity location.^[75] It is believed Etihad Airways fought off competition from Ferrostaal and Aabar to gain stadium naming rights.^[76]

The football pitch and hospitality areas have been renovated, a £1 million investment has been made in the playing surface so that it is able to tolerate concerts and other events without being damaged.^[77]

Transport

The stadium is located to the east of Manchester city centre. The site has 2,000 parking spaces, with another 8,000 spaces in the surrounding area provided by local businesses and schools working in partnership with the football club.^[78] The nearest railway station is Ashburys, a 20-minute walk from the stadium, though services are limited. Manchester Piccadilly, which serves mainline trains from London, Birmingham and Edinburgh, is a 30-minute signposted walk away. Several special bus services serve the stadium when events take place^[79] On match and event days special bus services from the city centre serve the stadium. The Etihad Campus Metrolink station on the Manchester Metrolink is being built close to Joe Mercer Way and will be operational in time for the 2012-13 season.^[80]

Other uses

Side view of stage in the stadium's music concert configuration

Under the terms of the lease, it is Manchester City Football Club's prerogative to host non-football events such as concerts, boxing bouts and rugby games.^[81] In the virtual world, video game FIFA 12 featured the stadium in 2011 with it being used as the demo version stadium in Europe.^[82]

Concerts

Outside the football season the stadium hosts occasional concerts, and is one of the UK's largest music venues, having a maximum capacity of 60,000 for performances.^[83] When it opened in 2003 - before the new Wembley Stadium opened - it was the largest stadium concert venue in England.^[83]

Concerts at Eastlands

Summer	Artist
2004	Red Hot Chili Peppers
2005	Oasis, U2
2006	Take That, Bon Jovi
2007	George Michael, Rod Stewart
2008	Foo Fighters, Bon Jovi
2009 2010	None – due to concerns over pitch erosion[84]
2011	Take That[2]
2012	Coldplay[85]Bruce Springsteen[86]

View of crowd in the stadium's music concert configuration

City of Manchester Stadium hosting the 2008 UEFA Cup Final

View of the ring in the stadium's boxing configuration

The first concert was a performance by the Red Hot Chili Peppers supported by James Brown in 2004.^[53] Manchester City supporters Oasis have played concerts at the stadium, one of which was featured on the DVD Lord Don't Slow Me Down.^{[citation needed]} The Oasis concert in 2005 set the attendance record of 60,000.^[10] Take That released a DVD of their performance at the stadium, Take That: The Ultimate Tour.^[87]

Other artists who have played the stadium are U2, Rod Stewart, Foo Fighters, Manic Street Preachers, The Futureheads, the Sugababes, Bon Jovi, George Michael and Sophie Ellis-Bextor.^[84]

Concerts and boxing matches take a toll on the pitch. In 2008, end of season renovation and an early start to the football season, meant the pitch was not ready for the first home fixture and the club had to play its UEFA Cup first round qualifying match at Barnsley's Oakwell Stadium.^[88]

In May 2010, the club invested in a new pitch^[89][90] and summer concerts restarted in 2011 when Take That played seven nights and ticket sales totalled approximately £400,000.^[2]

Other football events

The stadium is rated as an elite stadium by UEFA and has hosted several major football events in addition to Manchester City's regular home fixtures. It became the 50th stadium to host an England international football match when the English and Japanese national teams played on 1 June 2004. In June 2005 the stadium hosted England's opening game in the UEFA Women's Championship,^[91] setting an attendance record of 29,092 for the competition.^[92] The stadium also hosted the 2008 UEFA Cup Final,^[91] in which Zenit St Petersburg defeated Rangers 2–0.

In May 2011 the stadium hosted the Conference National Play-off final between Wimbledon and Luton Town; Wimbledon gained promotion to the Football League by beating Luton in a penalty shootout.^[93] The stadium was used for the play-offs because the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final was due to take place at Wembley on Saturday 28 May 2011; UEFA regulations stipulate that the stadium hosting the Champions League final must not be used for other matches during the previous two weeks.^[94]

Rugby League

In October 2004, the stadium played host to a rugby league international match between Great Britain and Australia in the Tri-Nations series in front of nearly 40,000 spectators.^[95] The stadium will host the Magic Weekend in May 2012, a rugby league competition in which all 14 members of the Super League competition play each other over two days.^[96]

Boxing

On 24 May 2008, Stockport born and twice IBF and IBO light welterweight champion boxer Ricky "the Hitman" Hatton defeated "The Chosen Juan" Lazcano in a contest billed as "Hatton's Homecoming". The fight was held in front of 56,337 fans, setting a record attendance for a British boxing event post World War II.^[11]

References

Citations

1. ^ ^{a b c} "BBC – Manchester – Sport – City of Manchester Stadium". BBC Sport. 22 March 2006. http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2006/03/22/city_of_manchester_stadium_venue_feature.shtml. Retrieved 31 October 2010. "Also known as Eastlands, the City of Manchester Stadium has been Manchester City's home since 2003 and seats 48,000 fans" 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Bailey, Chris (26 October 2010). "Take That to play at CoMs". mcfc.co.uk. (Manchester City Football Club). http://www.mcfc.co.uk/news/club-news/2010/october/take-that-to-play-at-coms. Retrieved 29 October 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} Bailey, Chris (8 November 2006). "Why Blues must cash in on name game". Manchester Evening News (M.E.N. Media). http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/p/227642. Retrieved 22 April 2008. "Some call it 'Eastlands', an area that doesn't officially exist on maps, some who like expending their breath call it by its Sunday best name 'City of Manchester Stadium', others prefer to shorten that to 'COMS' while still more refer to City's stronghold as 'Sportcity' in keeping with those nice brown signs that help everyone find their way to the complex." 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Manchester City strike deal to rename Eastlands". BBC Sport. 8 July 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14080388.stm. Retrieved 13 November 2011. "Manchester City have confirmed the City of Manchester Stadium will be renamed the Etihad Stadium after signing a 10-year deal with the airline." 
5. ^ ^{a b c} Hubbard, Alan (12 December 1999). "City of Manchester Stadium: The Wembley rescuers". independent.co.uk (The Independent). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/city-of-manchester-stadium-the-wembley-rescuers-1132001.html. Retrieved 7 January 2008. "... the foundation stone was laid for the nation's other super stadium for the millennium. The Prime Minister, Tony Blair, did the honours in Manchester on Monday." 
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Conn, David (4 October 2011). "Manchester City to pay council £2m a year for stadium naming rights". The Guardian (London: Guardian News and Media). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/oct/04/manchester-city-council-stadium-naming-rights?. Retrieved 12 November 2011. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Clayton, David (24 June 2011). "Dublin Super Cup: Aviva Stadium v CoMS". mcfc.co.uk. (Manchester City Football Club). http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/American-Pre-season-tour/2011/Dublin-Super-Cup-Stadium-comparisons. Retrieved 4 July 2011. "Note: The capacity of the City of Manchester Stadium has changed a few times since the autumn of 2008 with the stadium receiving a number of minor renovations; its current capacity is 47,805" 
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} "Man City stadium poised to become bigger than Old Trafford – Exclusive". Mirror Football (London: MGN Ltd.). 4 March 2010. http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Manchester-City-s-stadium-poised-to-become-bigger-than-Manchester-United-s-Old-Trafford-ground-and-spark-a-ticket-revolution-Exclusive-article379025.html. Retrieved 17 Novembrer 2011. "Note: The original MCFC OWS source citation supporting this value is now archived and inaccessible but this more recent one is still extant. Also see Talk Page discussion WRT veracity of this value for all seasons prior to current one." 
9. ^ ^{a b} Smith, Rory (13 September 2011). "Champions League: Manchester City's Roberto Mancini urges caution ahead of momentous match against Napoli". Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group Limited). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/manchester-city/8760841/Champions-League-Manchester-Citys-Roberto-Mancini-urges-caution-ahead-of-momentous-match-against-Napoli.html. Retrieved 14 September 2011. "...the ground will not be full to a capacity reduced to 45,500 because of Uefa's advertising requirements." 
10. ^ ^{a b} "Man City stadium given Uefa final". BBC Sport. 4 October 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/5407664.stm. Retrieved 28 October 2010. "Highest other attendance: 60,000 for Oasis concert, 2005" 
11. ^ ^{a b} Lamont, Tom (29 June 2008). "City of Manchester Stadium". The Observer (London: Guardian News and Media). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/jun/29/boxing. Retrieved 22 August 2011. 
12. ^ ^{a b c d e} Hubbard, Alan (12 December 1999). "City of Manchester Stadium: The Wembley rescuers". The Independent (London: Independent Print Limited). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/city-of-manchester-stadium-the-wembley-rescuers-1132001.html. Retrieved 7 January 2008. "The athletics track would be dismantled to allow the seating capacity to be increased from 38,000 to 48,000." 
13. ^ Ogden, Mark (29 August 2011). "Manchester City taken to a whole new level with Sheikh Mansour's £1 billion investment". The Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group Limited). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/manchester-city/8729541/Manchester-City-taken-to-a-whole-new-level-with-Sheikh-Mansours-1-billion-investment.html. Retrieved 31 August 2011. "a reference to the deprived area of east Manchester which lies in the shadow of the Etihad Stadium" 
14. ^ Taylor, Daniel (18 August 2009). "Manchester City's grand plan for Eastlands and its surrounds". The Guardian (London: Guardian News and Media). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/aug/18/manchester-city-stadium-upgrade-eastlands. Retrieved 31 October 2010. 
15. ^ ^{a b} "Manchester 'may sue IOC'". BBC News. 25 January 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/262415.stm. Retrieved 11 November 2011. 
16. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} "Manchester model shows how West Ham can be settled tenants". London Evening Standard (ES London Limited). 11 October 2011. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard-sport/football/article-23996972-manchester-model-shows-how-west-ham-can-be-settled-tenants.do. Retrieved 12 November 2011. 
17. ^ ^{a b c} "Designing The City of Manchester Stadium" (PDF). (Arup Associates). January 2003. http://www.arup.com/_assets/_download/download71.pdf. Retrieved 20 November 2011. 
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Bibliography

• James, Gary (2008). Manchester –A Football History. Halifax: James Ward. ISBN 978-0-9558127-0-5. 
• James, Gary (2006). Manchester City – The Complete Record. Derby: Breedon. ISBN 1-85983-512-0. 

Further reading

• The Phaidon Atlas of Contemporary World Architecture – Comprehensive Edition. Phaidon Press. ISBN 0-7148-4312-1. 
• The Phaidon Atlas of Contemporary World Architecture – Travel Edition. Phaidon Press. 2005. ISBN 0-7148-4450-0. 

External links

• City of Manchester Stadium official website
• Manchester City Football Club official website
• Images tagged City of Manchester Stadium at Flickr
• Arup Associates PDF format article about the original design of the stadium
• Arup Associates PDF format article about the transformation of the stadium after the 2002 Games
• YouTube video depicting MCFC's vision for the club's planned Etihad Campus

Preceded by Hampden Park Glasgow	UEFA Cup Final Venue 2008	Succeeded by Şükrü Saraçoğlu Stadyumu Istanbul
Preceded by National Stadium, Bukit Jalil Kuala Lumpur	Commonwealth Games Stadium 2002	Succeeded by Melbourne Cricket Ground Melbourne