No. 137 Squadron RAF

No. 137 Squadron RAF
Active	1 Apr 1918 - 4 Jul 1918 20 Sep 1941 - 25 Aug 1945
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Air Force
Part of	RAF Fighter Command
Motto	Do right, fear naught[1][2]
Insignia
Squadron Badge heraldry	A horse's head couped[1][2]
Squadron Codes	SF (Feb 1941 - Aug 1945)[3][4]

No. 137 Squadron RAF existed briefly as a day bomber unit in World War I but it never became operational. During World War II it flew as one of the two Whirlwind squadrons before converting to Hurricane Mk.IV fighter-bombers and later the Hawker Typhoon in the same role. The squadron was disbanded in August 1945.

History

Formation and World War I

No. 137 Squadron RAF existed briefly as a unit working up to be a day bomber unit on Airco DH.9s during World War I, but it never became operational. It was formed at Shawbury on 1 April 1918 and was disbanded there on 4 July 1918, together with 12 other such units. Plans to reinstate the squadron in September as laid out in Air Organisation Memorandum 939 of 13 July 1918 came to nought as Air Organisation Memorandum 999 of 17 August 1918 cancelled these.^[5][6]

Second World War

A Westland Whirlwind as used by 137 squadron

The squadron was reformed at Charmy Down on 20 September 1941 and equipped with the then brand new two-engined Westland Whirlwind four-cannon fighter. The squadron became operational with them on 20 October and flew its first mission (a mandolin) four days afterwards. Unfortunately the new CO, S/Ldr Sample, was killed four days after this in a mid-air collision with a new pilot. Two days later another pilot crashed into the sea. After this bad start, No. 137 became non-operational for a period before resuming with coastal missions on 11 November. On one such mission on 12 February 1941, to escort some destroyers, they met by accident the fighter screen around the Scharnhorst and the Gneisenau, losing four pilots in the event.^[7]

A Hawker Hurricane Mk.IV

In June 1943 the by now worn-out Whirlwinds were replaced with Hurricane Mk.IV fighter-bombers and in July the squadron flew operationally with them again until February 1944 when the Hurricane was exchanged for the more modern and higher performance Hawker Typhoon. 137 flew this new fighter-bomber operationally from 8 February 1944 until 25 August 1945, when it was disbanded at RAF Warmwell by being renumbered to 174 Squadron.

An early Hawker Typhoon, judged by the cockpit type

Organisation

Commanding officers

Officers commanding No. 137 Squadron RAF in the past:^[8]

Served from	Name	Notes
September 1941	Sqn/Ldr J. Sample, DFC
November 1941	Sqn/Ldr H.St.J. Coghlan
May 1943	Sqn/Ldr J.B. Wray, DFC
December 1943	Sqn/Ldr J.R. Dennehey, DFC
April 1944	Sqn/Ldr G. Piltingsrud, DFC
September 1944	Sqn/Ldr E. T. Brough, DFC
December 1944	Sqn/Ldr R.G.V. Barraclough
March 1945	Sqn/Ldr D. Murray, DFC

Squadron Bases

Squadron Bases used by No. 137 Squadron RAF^[2][8][9]

Arrival	Base
1 April 1918	RAF Shawbury
20 September 1941	RAF Charmy Down
8 November 1941	RAF Coltishall
1 December 1941	RAF Matlaske detachments at RAF Snailwell & RAF Drem
24 August 1942	RAF Snailwell
17 September 1942	RAF Manston
12 June 1943	RAF Rochford
8 August 1943	RAF Manston
14 December 1943	RAF Lympne
2 January 1944	RAF Colerne
4 February 1944	RAF Lympne
1 April 1944	RAF Manston
13 August 1944	Coulombs (B.6)
29 August 1944	Créton (B.30)
3 September 1944	Amiens/Glisy (B.48)
6 September 1944	Melsbroek (B.58)
22 September 1944	Eindhoven (Welschap) (B.78)
13 January 1945	Helmond (B.86)
11 April 1945	Twente (B.106)
13 April 1945	Hopsten (B.112)
17 April 1945	Langenhagen (B.120)
30 April 1945	Lüneburg (B.156)
7 May 1945	RAF Celle (B118)
9 May 1945	Kastrup (B160)
21 June 1945	Husum (B172)
11 July 1945	Lübeck (B158)
20 August 1945	RAF Warmwell

See also

• List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons

References

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Rawlings 1978, p. 276.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Halley 1988, p. 210.
3. ^ Bowyer and Rawlings 1979, p. 93.
4. ^ Flintham and Thomas 2003, p. 106.
5. ^ "Historic Squadrons". http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/historicsquadrons.cfm. Retrieved 2009-07-12. 
6. ^ Jefford 2001, pp. 107-108.
7. ^ Rawlings 1978, pp. 276-277
8. ^ ^{a b} Rawlings 1978, p. 278.
9. ^ Jefford 2001, pp. 63 and 224-228.

Bibliography

• Bowyer, Michael J.F. and John D.R. Rawlings. Squadron Codes, 1937-56. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd., 1979. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
• Flintham, Vic and Andrew Thomas. Combat Codes: A full explanation and listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied air force unit codes since 1938. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2003. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
• Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918-1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
• Jefford, Wing Commander C.G., MBE, BA, RAF(Retd.). RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1988 (second edition 2001). ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
• Rawlings, John D.R. Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1969 (2nd edition 1976, reprinted 1978). ISBN 0-354-01028-X.

External links

• Lookup for history of RAF squadrons at raf.mod.uk