825 Naval Air Squadron

825 Naval Air Squadron
A Fairey Firefly Mark IV FR from 825 Naval Air Squadron flying a reconnaissance mission from HMS Ocean along the eastern seaboard of Korea.
Active	1934-1941 1942-1945 1946-1951 1961-1962 1982
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Air Force (1934-1937) Royal Navy (1937-1982)
Type	Carrier based squadron
Role	Offensive Support
Part of	Fleet Air Arm
Motto	Latin: Nihil Obstat (Translation: "Nothing Stops Us")
Battle honours	Dunkirk 1940 English Channel 1940-42 Norway 1940 Bismarck 1941 Malta Convoys 1941 Arctic 1942-45 Atlantic 1944 Japan 1945 Korea 1952 Falkland Islands 1982[1]

825 Naval Air Squadron was a Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm carrier-based squadron formed on 8 October 1934 from the aircraft and personnel of 824 Naval Air Squadron.^[2] It operated in most of the theatres of the Second World War, carrying out a number of attacks on prominent German warships, including the battleship Bismarck in the Atlantic and the pocket battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen during their Channel Dash.^[3][4][5][6] The squadron also saw action in later conflicts, including the Korean War and the Falklands War.

Pre-war history

825 Squadron's first assignment after commissioning was to board HMS Eagle for service on the China Station. This was short-lived, and by January 1935 both the squadron and the carrier were in the Mediterranean.^[7] The squadron was transferred to Hal Far, Malta in March, while Eagle returned to Britain for a refit. HMS Glorious replaced Eagle, and the squadron alternated its time between the carrier and the aerodrome at Hal Far. They returned briefly to the UK in May 1937 to attend the Coronation Fleet Review, before retaking their station in the Mediterranean, and were transferred to Admiralty control on 24 May 1939.^[2][7]

Wartime service

Mediterranean and the North Sea

A Hawker Sea Hurricane of 825 Squadron takes off from the flight deck of the escort carrier HMS Vindex during an Atlantic convoy. One of the carrier's escort vessels can be seen ahead.

With the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, 825 Squadron embarked on HMS Glorious at Dekheila, Egypt and headed into the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea to search for enemy shipping. They carried out these duties throughout the rest of 1939, returning the Mediterranean in January 1940, where they again returned to Hal Far.^[8] The squadron re-embarked on Glorious in March and sailed to Britain to defend Norway after the German invasion. On their arrival, they disembarked at RNAS Prestwick. With the sinking of HMS Glorious by the German pocket battleship Scharnhorst and Gneisenau on 8 June 1940, the squadron was transferred to operate from Worthy Down, Detling and Thorney Island, covering allied forces in France and the Low Countries as the German forces advanced.^[8] They were active in covering the Dunkirk evacuation, during which they lost eight of their 12 aircraft; five were lost in a single bombing raid on 29 May 1940,^[8] including its commander Jimmy Buckley who was awarded the DSC for his actions during this period.^[9]

Atlantic and the Bismarck

The depleted squadron was brought up to nine aircraft in July 1940 and embarked aboard HMS Furious. They then operated off the Norwegian coast in September, carrying out night attacks on Trondheim and Tromsø. After the British withdrawal, the squadron remained aboard Furious, and by February 1941 was off the Gold Coast.^[8] They joined HMS Victorious in May 1941, and took part in the Home Fleet's hunt for the battleship Bismarck. After sighting Bismarck on 24 May, aircraft from the squadron carried out an attack on 25 May, scoring a single hit which slowed her. Another series of attacks by Fairey Swordfish of 810 and 818 Naval Air Squadrons flying from HMS Ark Royal the following day succeeded in disabling Bismarck's steering gear. She was subsequently engaged by ships of the Home Fleet and sank on 27 May.^[8]

The Channel Dash

The squadron embarked on HMS Ark Royal in June 1941 to provide cover for the Malta Convoys. Aircraft of 825 Squadron carried out raids on targets in Pantellaria, Sardinia and Sicily in September.^[8] A number of the squadron's aircraft were lost in the sinking of Ark Royal on 14 October. The remainder flew to Gibraltar, where the squadron was disbanded. It was re-formed with Fairey Swordfish at RNAS Lee-on-Solent in January 1942, and tasked with a torpedo bomber reconnaissance duties.^[8] Six of the squadron's aircraft flew off from RAF Manston to attack Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen in the English Channel, as they carried out Operation Cerberus. The attacking aircraft failed to score any hits, and all six were lost.^[8] The Commanding Officer—Eugene Esmonde—was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. Five of the aircrew survived, and were also decorated.^[4][8]

Arctic and Atlantic convoys

Fairey Swordfish of No 825 Squadron on board HMS Furious waiting to take off whilst she sails in northern waters (photograph taken from the battleship HMS Duke of York).

After regrouping at Lee-on-Solent in March 1942, the squadron sent three aircraft aboard HMS Avenger where they covered the Arctic convoys to Russia.^[8] They attacked six U-boats, and shared credit with the destroyer HMS Onslow for sinking RAF Coastal Command, flying out of Thorney Island and Exeter.^[8]

They then embarked aboard HMS Furious in March 1943, covering convoys sailing to Iceland and making sweeps for enemy submarines off Norway. They transferred to HMS Vindex with six Sea Hurricane IICs, and later another three Fulmar IIs to cover the Atlantic convoys. Aircraft from the squadron sank Wildcat VIs. They continued in the Arctic before returning to Britain. The Swordfish were then absorbed into 815 Naval Air Squadron, followed by the Wildcats in May. 825 Squadron then ceased to exist.^[8] 825 Squadron was reformed in July 1945 at RNAS Rattray as a Canadian-manned force. It was intended that it would consist of 12 Barracuda IIs, and form part of the 19th Carrier Air Group aboard a Colossus-class aircraft carrier. This did not happen immediately, and the squadron remained a Royal Navy one.^[8]

Post-war service

The commissioning of HMCS Warrior in January 1946 led to the transferral of the squadron to the Royal Canadian Navy. It served with them until being renumbered 880 Squadron (RCN) in May 1951.^[8][10] The 825 designation then returned to the Royal Navy, and the squadron reformed in June 1951 at RNAS Eglinton.^[3] The squadron was recommissioned several times over the next decade, operating as an anti-submarine unit equipped with Fairey Gannets, and seeing service in the Korean War.^[3][11] During this period, they spent time operating off HMS Ocean. It then re-formed at RNAS Culdrose on 16 August 1960, equipped with Whirlwind HAS.7s. The squadron was deployed in the Middle East during crises between Iraq and Kuwait in 1961. It then transferred most of its aircraft to 824 Squadron, returning to the UK aboard HMS Victorious. In late 1961 they took part in relief operations after Mombasa was hit by flooding.^[12] They were again disbanded on 2 April 1962.^[3]

The outbreak of the Falklands War in 1982 led to the re-forming of the squadron on 3 May 1982 equipped with Sea King HAS.2/2As. The aircraft came from 706 Naval Air Squadron, or were taken from other units or storage.^[3] Eight Sea Kings sailed for the Falklands on 12 May, aboard the Atlantic Causeway, with another two sailing the following day aboard RMS Queen Elizabeth 2. The squadron operated from British forward bases, and Port San Carlos until their return to the UK in late July. They were disbanded at Culdrose on 17 September 1982.^[3][13]

References

Notes

1. ^ Fleet Air Arm battle honours
2. ^ ^{a b} Lake 1999, p. 277.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f} 825 Squadron's history
4. ^ ^{a b} London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 35474. pp. 1007–1008. 27 February 1942. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
5. ^ Rossiter 2007, pp. 276–277.
6. ^ Details of the '825 SWORDFISH SQN CHANNEL DASH ACTION' at the Imperial War Museum website
7. ^ ^{a b} rafweb.org 825 Squadron's pre-war history
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} 825 Squadron's wartime history
9. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 34890. p. 4152. 5 July 1940. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
10. ^ Milner 1999, p. 162.
11. ^ The Aeroplane. Temple Press Press. p. v.84 1953 Jan-Jun, p.143. 
12. ^ Mombasa flood relief operations
13. ^ Arthur 1985, p. 122.

Bibliography

• Arthur, Max. Above All, Courage: The Falklands Front Line: First-hand Accounts. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0-283-99249-2. 
• Jameson, William (2004) [1957]. Ark Royal: The Life of an Aircraft Carrier at War 1939-41 (2nd ed. ed.). London: Periscope Publishing. ISBN 1-904381-27-8. 
• Lake, Alan (1999). Flying Units of the RAF: The ancestry, formation and disbandment of all flying units from 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-086-6. 
• Milner, Marc. Canada's Navy: The First Century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-4281-3. 
• Rossiter, Mike (2007) [2006]. Ark Royal: the life, death and rediscovery of the legendary Second World War aircraft carrier (2nd ed. ed.). London: Corgi Books. ISBN 978-0-552-15369-0. OCLC 81453068. 

External links

• Website of the Channel Dash Association
• The details of the Channel Dash at operations.mod.uk
• News announcement concerning Esmonde's VC, at victoriacross.org
• Pre-war history
• Wartime history
• Postwar history

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