No. 15 Squadron RAF

No. XV (Reserve) Squadron
Active	1 March 1915 (RFC)
Role	Strike/attack
Garrison/HQ	RAF Lossiemouth
Motto	"Aim Sure"
Equipment	Tornado GR4
Battle honours	Western Front 1915-1918, Somme 1916, Arras, Cambrai 1917, Some 1918, Hindenburg Line, France and Low Countries 1939-1940, Meuse Bridges, Dunkirk, Invasion Ports 1940, Fortress Europe 1941-1944, Ruhr 1941-1945, Berlin 1941-1945, Biscay Ports 1941-1945, France and Germany 1944-1945, Normandy 1944, Gulf 1991.
Insignia
Identification symbol	A hind's head between wings elevated and conjoined in base

No. 15 Squadron (also known as No. XV Squadron) of the Royal Air Force operates the Panavia Tornado GR4 from RAF Lossiemouth. Currently XV (Reserve) Squadron is the RAF's Operational Conversion Unit for the Tornado GR4. The OCU teaches pilots how to fly the aircraft and what tactics to use to best exploit the performance of their aircraft and its weapons.

History

World War I

No. 15 Squadron was first formed at Farnborough Airfield on 1 March 1915 as a Royal Flying Corps training unit, commanded by Major Philip Joubert de la Ferté. It was mainly equipped with Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2cs, supplemented with a few Bristol Scout, and moved to France on 22 December 1915, operating in the reconnaissance role in support of the Army. It operated in support of IV Corps during the Battle of the Somme in summer 1916, suffering heavy losses from both ground fire and German fighter aircraft. It was praised by Douglas Haig for its work in support of the Fifth Army in the Ancre salient in January 1917.^[1]

It was again heavily committed to action in support of the offensive at Arras in Spring 1917. It re-equpped with the Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 in June 1917, retaining the "Harry Tate" until the end of the First World War. It moved back to United Kingdom in February 1919, and was disbanded at Fowlmere on 31 December that year.^[2]

One of the officers who began his career in the squadron during this era was future Air Marshal Sir Charles Steele.^[3]

Interwar 1919 - 1939

It reformed on 20 March 1924 at Martlesham Heath as part of the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment, mainly carrying out test flying of bomber aircraft.^[4] No. 15 was then reformed in 1934 at RAF Abingdon as a light bomber squadron equipped with the Hawker Hart.^[4] Its Commanding Officer of the day, Squadron Leader T W Elmhirst, DFC, instigated the squadron's tradition of writing its squadron number in Roman numerals.^[5] It received Hawker Hinds as a temporary replacement for the Harts before re-equipping with Fairey Battle monoplanes in 1938.^[4][6]

World War II

Still equipped with Fairey Battle light bombers, the squadron flew to France in September 1939 as part of No. 71 Wing, Advanced Air Striking Force. After returning to the UK, the following year it re-equipped first with Bristol Blenheims and again with Vickers Wellingtons before becoming one of the first Short Stirling bomber squadrons. One famous Stirling was donated by Lady MacRobert in memory of her three sons killed in RAF service and named MacRobert's Reply. In 1943, the squadron converted to Avro Lancasters.

Cold War service

In 1947, the Lancasters with replaced with Avro Lincolns, before the squadron adopted the nuclear strike role with Boeing Washingtons in 1951.

XV Squadron re-equipped with the English Electric Canberra B.2 bomber in June 1953, whilst at RAF Coningsby, Lincolnshire, later moving to RAF Cottesmore, Rutland and then RAF Honington, Suffolk. The Canberra was used in combat in the Suez Crisis and dropped the most bombs in the eighteen day of conflict. The Squadron disbanded in July 1957.

On 1 September 1958 it was reformed as the second Handley Page Victor squadron, stationed at RAF Cottesmore. In 1962 it was one of the many squadrons ready for action during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Deploying to RAF Tengah in 1963, it was on hand as a show of force to deter Indonesia during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation. Following this, it was disbanded on 31 October 1964 upon withdrawal from overseas detachment.

Service as a nuclear force

In 1970 the Squadron reformed with the Blackburn Buccaneer S.2B at RAF Honington, shortly afterwards moving to RAF Laarbruch in Germany. From 1971 their role at RAF Laarbruch, assigned to SACEUR, was support of the army in a European land battle, first in a conventional role, and later in a nuclear delivery role should tactical nuclear weapons be used. RAF planning staff expected the squadron's twelve Buccaneer S2B aircraft to suffer attrition of one third their strength, leaving sufficient survivors, with those held back in reserve from the conventional phase, to deliver the squadron's allocation of eighteen WE.177 nuclear bombs.^[7][8]

In 1983 the squadron's twelve Buccaneer S2s were exchanged for twelve Tornado GR.1s, for use in a similar role from early 1984^[9] The squadron subsequently became the first Panavia Tornado GR.1 Squadron in Germany. Tornados were able to carry two WE.177 nuclear bombs, and the RAF staff expected that there would be enough survivors of the conventional war phase to deliver an increased stock of eighteen bombs. The squadron's nuclear delivery role assigned to SACEUR continued at this strength through to 1991 when it disbanded.

A XV Sqn Tornado GR1 in 1987.

Desert Storm onwards

Deployed to Bahrain during the buildup to Operation Desert Storm, they were given the specific brief to knock out the Iraqi Air Force bases by bombing the runways. On their second mission, an ultra-low level daylight mission on Ar Rumaylah airfield with Squadron Leader Pablo Mason leading a flight of four Tornados, his number two crew of John Peters and navigator John Nichol were shot down and became POW's. Mason (along with many other RAF tornado crews) flew 24 bombing missions in total in Desert Storm, from ultra-low level daylight, medium-level night bombing and on 2 February 1991 the first ever Buccaneer/Tornado attack using laser-guided bombs.^[10]

In 1992 No.45 (Reserve) Squadron, the Tornado Weapons Conversion Unit based at RAF Honington changed its "shadow" identity to No.15 (Reserve) Squadron, remaining at RAF Honington until 1993 assigned to SACEUR in the role it had performed when based at RAF Laarbruch. The squadron's equipment of twenty-six aircraft and thirty-nine WE.177 nuclear bombs was unusually large.^[11][12] Relocation to RAF Lossiemouth in 1994 brought re-assignment to SACLANT in the maritime strike role, armed with a variety of conventional weapons and eighteen WE.177 nuclear bombs, and brought a reduction in size to 12 aircraft.^[13]

Previous Aircraft

Tornado GR4 ZA463 of No. XV Squadron

• Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c circa 1914^[14]
• Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 circa 1916^[15]
• Hawker Hart circa 1934
• Hawker Hind circa 1936
• Bristol Blenheim circa 1939
• Short Stirling circa 1941
• Avro Lancaster circa 1945
• Handley Page Victor circa 1958
• Blackburn Buccaneer circa 1970
• Tornado GR.1 1983-2002
• Tornado GR.4 2001–present

See also

• List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons
• "Pablo" Mason - Sqdrn Ldr during the Gulf War^[10]
• Phil Lamason

References

Notes

1. ^ Rawlings Air Pictorial 1971, p. 98.
2. ^ Rawlings Air Pictorial 1971, pp. 98–99.
3. ^ http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/steele.php Retrieved 23 February 2010.
4. ^ ^{a b c} Rawlings Air Pictorial 1971, p.99.
5. ^ "15 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
6. ^ "No 11 - 15 Squadron Histories". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. 29 December 2010.
7. ^ Weapon detail and No.15 Squadron data for 1971
8. ^ Weapon overview @ www.nuclear-weapons.info/vw.htm#WE.177 Carriage
9. ^ Weapon detail and No.15 Squadron data for 1984
10. ^ ^{a b} 121 Sqn. ATC - News - Pablo Mason
11. ^ Weapon detail and No.15(R) Squadron data for 1992
12. ^ Weapon detail and No.15(R) Squadron data for 1993
13. ^ Weapon detail and No.15(R) Squadron data for 1994
14. ^ http://www.theaerodrome.com/aircraft/by_year.php Retrieved 23 February 2010.
15. ^ http://www.theaerodrome.com/aircraft/by_year.php?pageNum_aircraft=3&totalRows_aircraft=136 Retrieved 23 February 2010.

Bibliography

• Ford-Jones, Martyn R. and Valerie A. Ford-Jones. Oxford's Own: The Men and Machines of No.15/XV Squadron Royal Flying Corps/Royal Air Force. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, . ISBN 0-76430-954-4.
• Rawlings, J.D.R. "History of No. 15 Squadron". Air Pictorial, March 1971. Vol 33 No 3. pp. 98–100.

External links

• No. 15 Squadron
• Air of Authority - Sqn Histories (11, 12, 13, 14, 15 sqns)
• No. 15 Squadron history
• About RAF Lossiemouth