Jaffa Road bus bombings

The Jaffa Road bus bombings were attacks on two No. 18 buses in Jerusalem, Israel in 1996. Hamas suicide bombers killed 45 people in the attacks,^[1]which were masterminded by Mohammed Deif, using explosives prepared by Adnan Awul.^[2]

First bombing

Jaffa Road bus bombing (February 25, 1996)
Aftermath of the Jaffa Road bus bombings
Location	Jerusalem
Date	February 25, 1996
Target	bus
Attack type	suicide bomber
Death(s)	17 Israeli civilians 9 Israeli soldiers (+ 1 suicide bomber)
Injured	48 mostly civilians
Perpetrator(s)	Lone Palestinian assailant. Hamas claimed responsibility.

On the morning of February 25, 1996, a suicide bomber blew himself up on a No.18 bus traveling down Jaffa Road near the Jerusalem Central Bus Station. 17 civilians and 9 Israeli soldiers were killed and 48, mostly civilians, injured.

The victims^[3]:

Civilians Daniel Biton, 42 Yitzhak Elbaz, 57 Boris Sharpolinsky, 64 Semion Trakashvili, 60 Yitzhak Yakhnis, 54 Peretz Gantz, 61 Anatoly Kushnirov, 36 Anatoly Kushnirov, 37 Masuda Amar, 59 Swietlana Gelezniak, 32 Celine Zaguri, 19 Navon Shabo, 22, of Bnei Brak Michael Yerigin, 16, of Kibbutz Maabarot

Matthew Eisenfeld, 25 of the United States Sara Duker, 23, of the United States Wael Kawasmeh, 23, of East Jerusalem, later died of his wounds Ira Yitzhak Weinstein, 53, of Maaleh Adumim, later died of his wounds Soldiers Sgt. Yonatan Barnea, 20 St-Sgt. Gavriel Krauss, 24 St.-Sgt. Gadi Shiloni, 22 Cpl. Moshe Reuven, 19 St.-Sgt. Maj. (res.) Arye Barashi, 39 Cpl. Iliya Nimotin, 19 Cpl. Merav Nahum, 19 Sgt. Sharon Hanuka, 19; Arik Gaby, 16 (student in pre-army boarding school) - all of Jerusalem.

Second bombing

Jaffa Road bus bombing (March 3, 1996)
Location	Jerusalem
Date	March 3, 1996
Target	bus
Attack type	suicide bomber
Death(s)	16 Israeli civilians 3 Israeli soldiers (+ 1 suicide bomber)
Injured	7 civilians
Perpetrator(s)	Lone Palestinian assailant (Mohammed Abdo)[4]. Hamas claimed responsibility.

On the morning of March 3, 1996, a suicide bomber boarded another No. 18 bus, detonating an explosive belt that killed 16 civilians and three Israeli soldiers and wounded 7.

The victims^[5]:

Civilians Maya Birkan, 59 Naima Zargary, 66 Gavriel Shamashvili, 43 Shemtov Sheikh, 63 Anna Shingeloff, 36 Raya Daushvili, 55 George Yonan, 38 - all of Jerusalem; Angel al-Syriani, 45, of Beit Jalla Gidi Taspanish, 23, a tourist from Ethiopia Valerian Krasyon, 44, a tourist from Romania

Dominic Lunca, 29 Daniel Patenka, 33 Marian Grefan, 40 Mirce Gifa, 39 Dimitru Kokarascu, 43 - all Romanian workers. Imar Ambrose, 51, of Romania, died on March 9. Soldiers Sgt. Yoni Levy, 21, of Jerusalem Sgt. Haim Amedi, 19, of Jerusalem Senior NCO Uzi Cohen, 54, border policeman of Jerusalem.

Wave of attacks

These two bombings, within a few days of each other, occurred during a wave of attacks that included the French Hill neighborhood attack, a suicide bombing in Ashkelon and a terrorist attack near Dizengoff centre in Tel Aviv. The large number of Israeli civilians and soldiers killed (more than 60 in total) had a major impact on the Israeli public and is said to have influenced the elections in May. The attacks also coincided with the holiday of Purim: The second bus 18 attack took place a day before Purim as celebrated in most of the world (in Jerusalem Purim is a day later), and the Dizengoff bombing on the eve of the holiday.

Legal action

Commemorative plaque for those who died in the March 3, 1996 bus bombing on Jaffa Road

The families of United States victims Matthew Eisenfeld and Sarah Duker sued Iran for backing the attack, and won a US$327 million judgment in 2000. The Clinton Administration then blocked the families' efforts to seize certain Iranian assets in the United States.^[6] As of 2006 collection efforts continue through legal process. The families, together with the family of another United States citizen killed in the same attack, now seek as much as US$900 million from Iran. In 2006 an Italian court domesticated the US court ruling, and temporarily froze Iranian assets. The plaintiffs have stated that they intend to pursue Iran through other European Union courts.^[7]

References

1. ^ Suicide and Other Bombing Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles (Sept 1993). Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2. ^ Terrorists Recently Released by the Palestinian Authority - 12-Oct-2000. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3. ^ "Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles". MFA. 24 Sep 2000. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+before+2000/Fatal+Terrorist+Attacks+in+Israel+Since+the+DOP+-S.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-22. 
4. ^ Katz, 279
5. ^ "Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles". MFA. 24 Sep 2000. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+before+2000/Fatal+Terrorist+Attacks+in+Israel+Since+the+DOP+-S.htm. Retrieved 2011-09-22. 
6. ^ U.S. Judge Orders Iran to Pay Families of Bombing Victims, New York Times, July 13, 2000
7. ^ Vicki and Leonard take on Iran, Jerusalem Post, April 28, 2006

See also

• List of Hamas suicide attacks
• Palestinian political violence

External links

• Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the DOP (Sept 1993)