Desmond Ford

Desmond Ford

Desmond "Des" Ford (born Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 2 February 1929) is an evangelical Christian and an Australian theologian. He is the father of pornography gossip columnist Luke Ford.[1][2]

Within the Seventh-day Adventist Church he was a controversial figure.[3] He was dismissed from ministry in the Adventist church in 1980 following his critique of the church's investigative judgment teaching. He has since worked through the non-denominational evangelical ministry Good News Unlimited. Ford disagrees with some aspects of traditional Adventist end-time beliefs. However he still defends a conservative view of Scripture, the seventh-day Sabbath, a healthy and vegetarian lifestyle, and the inspiration of Ellen G. White's writings.[citation needed]

Contents

Biography

Early life and conversion

Desmond Ford was born in Townsville, Queensland, Australia on 2 February 1929, to Wilfred Ford and Lillian Simpson. He had one brother, Val, who was four years older. The Ford lineage consisted of farmers and cattlemen of English and Australian descent. The Simpson lineage derived from England, Ireland and China. Desmond's parents were nominal Anglican Christians, with his father almost an atheist in practice, and his mother presenting "a religious façade." Wilfred encouraged his son to read, beginning a life-long obsession for the "unusually gifted" boy.[4]

When Lillian was pregnant with Desmond, an Adventist book salesman shared insights on nutrition with the family, sparking a chain of events impacting Desmond's life. At an Adventist camp meeting in 1939 Desmond was given a Bible, which he would complete 3 years later, around the time he finished primary school. However his parents divorced when he was nine; Wilfred moved to Canberra, and Lillian and the boys later moved to Sydney, New South Wales (NSW). He passed his Intermediate Certificate in 1943. However due to the family's poverty and Australia's involvement in World War II, Desmond had drop out of school. He became employed with Associated Newspapers at the age of 14, and was promoted from copy boy to an editorial position because of his published work. He also wrote some low-quality paperbacks, and took night classes for high school. All along, Ford was being influenced by encounters with Adventists and other Christians, and steadily collected books on Christian theology, and the creation-evolution controversy.[5][6]

Ford was challenged by the strict lifestyle standards presented in Ellen G. White's Messages to Young People, and gave up the cinema and reading fiction. Reading novels had been his main childhood hobby, and became replaced with reading theology.[7] White's book The Great Controversy was a key influence on his conversion. In winter 1946 he publicly responded to a call for commitment to God's service. Ford was impressed by the Christian character of many of the Adventists who had nurtured him. In September he was officially baptised into the church. This was despite strong opposition from his brother; and his mother was also originally resistant to his conversion, having become disenchanted with the Adventist church herself. Ford resigned from his job, and returned briefly to Townsville with his family. He then left in 1947 for the Australasian Missionary College (nicknamed "Avondale", and later known as Avondale College) in the Lake Macquarie region of NSW, to train for the ministry.[8]

Seminary

Ford found Avondale an exciting time for mental and spiritual growth. He was an active participant in class discussions, and occasionally taught classes to fill in for the lecturers. He was particularly inspired by Dr. William Murdoch, and carried out research for him. Ford gave talks in nearby churches, and published around a dozen articles for church magazines during this time. He also led students in Bible study. He struggled financially, and worked on Avondale's farm and elsewhere, and also selling Adventist books.[9]

He graduated from the Ministerial Course in Avondale in 1950, with high marks.[10]

Early ministry

Ford was sent to help build a new church in the coastal town of Coffs Harbour, NSW. He lived in a caravan (trailer) with his mother, who insisted on accompanying him. In 1951, still in his first year of service, he was sent to Newcastle, NSW, then an industrial city, to assist evangelist George Burnside. While Burnside was a dynamic presenter, Ford's biographer Milton Hook describes him as a fundamentalist (see: historic Adventism), and draws an analogy with a rugged, gung-ho cowboy like a John Wayne character. Ford questioned him on some end-times interpretations, resulting in conflict between the pair – a sign of further things to come.[11][12] Later he sold books in the Lake Macquarie and nearby Upper Hunter regions, which he found challenging work.[13]

He worked as a pastor in various churches and as an evangelist programs for about 7 years in NSW, Australia[6][14] rural towns

In 1952 Ford pastored the Coffs Harbour area, under a supervisor. His mother returned to Queensland. In December he married Gwen Booth, with whom he had shared a budding friendship and romance since their meeting at Avondale, where she studied teaching. Gwen had been raised in humble circumstances in Yass, and was a quiet achiever who cared about others, and had a deep faith in Jesus.[15] The following year they moved to the country town of Quirindi, where Ford pastored the church. From 1954 to mid-1955, Ford pastored in the Gunnedah area, then moved north to Inverell.[16] There a public debate with Burgin, a Church of Christ minister and a "formidable opponent" of Adventists, brought Ford respect. The topic was the Sabbath, with the specific topic "Is the Seventh Day or the First Day Binding on Christians?" Arguably Ford won the debate; and he later baptised some of Burgin's church members.[17] He was ordained. The couple stayed till the end of 1957, living on a meagre income throughout this whole period.[citation needed]

Return to Avondale

The South Pacific Division called him back to Avondale to complete his ministry course.[12][14] He completed a BA in 1958,[18] and went on to complete a Master's degree in systematic theology at Andrews University in 1959.[6] Ford subsequently received a PhD in the rhetorical analysis of Paul's letters from Michigan State University in 1961.[6] In the same year he became head of the Religion Department at Avondale College, where he would remain until 1977.[19] He was a member of the Biblical Research Committee in Australia and the United States.[6]

He completed his second PhD in 1972 from the University of Manchester, while still teaching at Avondale.[18] His supervisor was the renowned Protestant theologian F. F. Bruce, and his field of study was New Testament studies, specifically eschatology (end times).[6][19] Ford entitled his thesis, The Abomination of Desolation in Biblical Eschatology.[20] His main expertise has been biblical apocalyptic literature (such as Daniel, Revelation and Ezekiel) and eschatology.[6]


Tension over theology

Ford was a primary opponent (along with Hans K. LaRondelle) and corrective influence on the perfectionism taught by fellow Australian Robert Brinsmead.[21]

Ford believes that victory over the guilt of sin (justification) was provided at the cross, victory over the power of sin (sanctification) is the work of a lifetime and victory over the presence of sin (glorification) occurs at the return of Christ Jesus. Ford disagree's with the belief of sinless perfection, and acknowledges the final removal of sin occurs when mortality changes to immortality at the return of Jesus Christ. Ford believes that victory over the presence of sin does not occur during this lifetime,but at the return of Jesus Christ.[22]

Ford teaches that justification precedes sanctification, because victory over the guilt of sin, precedes victory over the power of sin. Ford teaches while justification is distinct from sanctification, they are always found together, in the same manner two railway lines are distinct but never separate. Adventist belief places a emphasis on sanctification compared to justification, while still believing both are necessary for salvation. The relationship between justification and sanctification is often described as "righteousness by faith". A few texts used by Adventists are...

I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. ~ Philippians 4:13

Whoever commits sin also commits lawlessness, and sin is lawlessness. And you know that He was manifested to take away our sins, and in Him there is no sin. 6 Whoever abides in Him does not sin. Whoever sins has neither seen Him nor known Him. Little children, let no one deceive you. He who practices righteousness is righteous, just as He is righteous. He who sins is of the devil, for the devil has sinned from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that He might destroy the works of the devil. Whoever has been born of God does not sin, for His seed remains in him; and he cannot sin, because he has been born of God. ~ 1 John 3:4-9

Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new. ~ 2 Corinthians 5:17

If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. ~ 1 John 1:9

Now to Him (Jesus) who is able to keep you from stumbling, And to present you faultless Before the presence of His glory with exceeding joy, ~ Jude 1:24

Therefore let him who thinks he stands take heed lest he fall. No temptation has overtaken you except such as is common to man; but God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation will also make the way of escape, that you may be able to bear it. ~ 1 Corinthians 10:12-13

When Jesus had raised Himself up and saw no one but the woman, He said to her, "Woman, where are those accusers of yours? Has no one condemned you?" She said, "No one, Lord." And Jesus said to her, "Neither do I condemn you; go and sin no more." ~ John 8:10-11

Therefore you shall be perfect, just as your Father in heaven is perfect. ~ Matthew 5:48

For I am the LORD who brings you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God. You shall therefore be holy, for I am holy. ~ Leviticus 11:45

Here is the patience of the saints; here are those who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus. ~ Revelation 14:12

Jesus answered them, “Most assuredly, I say to you, whoever commits sin is a slave of sin. And a slave does not abide in the house forever, but a son abides forever. Therefore if the Son makes you free, you shall be free indeed. ~ John 8:34-36

And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. ~ Exodus 20:6

"Eschatological perfectionism" is the teaching that a final generation of believers must achieve a state of complete sinlessness (or Christlikeness) in the final period just before the second coming of Jesus (see Last Generation Theology). Non-progressive Adventists consider the life and character of Christ as a perfect example that all must imitate. Accordingly, the cleansing of the heavenly sanctuary, or investigative judgment, is thought to also involve the cleansing of the lives of believers on earth. This belief in sinlessness arose particularly from M. L. Andreasen's interpretation of the investigative judgment doctrine, itself based on concepts found in The Great Controversy by Ellen G. White.

Original Sin

According to Anglican Geoffrey Paxton, during the 1960s scholars such as Ford and Edward Heppenstall brought the concept of original sin into Adventist theology.[23]

Early Adventists (such as George Storrs, Ellen White and Uriah Smith) tended to de-emphasise the corrupt nature inherited from Adam, while stressing the importance of actual, personal sins committed by the individual. They thought of the "sinful nature" in terms of physical mortality rather than moral depravity. Adventist Joe Crews states...

There is a very important difference between the inclination to sin and the guilt of sin, and it is that small degree of difference that has triggered a series of other doctrinal errors. Said the prophet, "The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son" (Ezekiel 18:20).

Adventists traditionally understand sins of commission, stating sin is willful transgression of God's law. They believe sins of commission involve our choice. They base their belief on texts such as "Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law." (1 John 3:4) [24] This is not the belief of some Progressive Adventists who believe in some form of original sin.[25][26]

Robert Brinsmead & Debate

Under Ford's influence, Brinsmead ultimately rejected perfectionism.[18] Around 1970, there was a major controversy amongst Australian Adventists over whether "righteousness by faith" included both justification and sanctification.[18] This had been sparked by Brinsmead, and Ford became caught up in it.[18] Tensions over Ford and the theology teaching at Avondale more generally led to a meeting of Australian church leaders on 3–4 February 1976 to hear accusations by a group of "Concerned Brethren". Ford's understanding of righteousness by faith was the main issue,[27] while the report mentions "the Sanctuary, the Age of the Earth and Inspiration."[28] In April a group of church leaders and theologians including Ford met in Palmdale, California to discuss the meaning of righteousness by faith.[29] Ford was the "center of attention", and the resulting document known as the "Palmdale statement".[30][31]

Ford disagreed with Brinsmead and like-minded Adventists who place a greater emphasis on sanctification with less emphasis on justification, proclaiming justification and sanctification are like the horse and the cart respectively, and that success is favored by placing the horse first. Both Ford and perfectionist Adventists believe both justification and sanctification are necessary for salvation; and included in the study of "righteousness by faith".[32] A few texts that perfectionist Adventists use to support their beliefs are...

Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived. Neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor homosexuals, nor sodomites, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners will inherit the kingdom of God. And such were some of you. But you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus and by the Spirit of our God. ~ 1 Corinthians 6:9-11

Therefore, brethren, we are debtors—not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh. For if you live according to the flesh you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live. For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God. ~ Romans 8:12-14

Now the works of the flesh are evident, which are: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lewdness, idolatry, sorcery, hatred, contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath, selfish ambitions, dissensions, heresies, 21 envy, murders, drunkenness, revelries, and the like; of which I tell you beforehand, just as I also told you in time past, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control. Against such there is no law. 24 And those who are Christ’s have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. ~ Galatians 5:19-24

United States, and increasing tensions with church leadership

In response to criticisms of his theology, in 1977 the church moved him to the United States, where he taught Religion at Pacific Union College for three years.[6][19][33] The classes he taught included public speaking, homiletics, evangelism, life and teachings of Christ, the Pauline epistles, Christian apologetics, Daniel and Revelation, the major and minor prophets of the Old Testament, introduction to theology, and biblical theology.[6]

In October 1979 Ford was invited to address a chapter meeting of the Association of Adventist Forums (now Adventist Forums) held at the College, on the topic of Hebrews 9 and its implications for the Adventist investigative judgment teaching.[6] The talk was titled, "The Investigative Judgment: Theological Milestone or Historical Necessity?" The talk criticized some aspects of the traditional understanding, Ford was summoned to the General Conference headquarters in Washington, D.C.[6] He was given six months to write up his views. Late in 1979, he stopped lecturing and moved to Takoma Park, Maryland.[19] Ford produced the 991-page manuscript, Daniel 8:14, the Day of Atonement, and the Investigative Judgment .[34] (Another source says he produced a 900-page manuscript called Daniel 8:14, the Investigative Judgment, and the Kingdom of God).[6]

Ford together with the majority of Christendom believes the atonement was completed on the cross when Jesus cried out “It is finished.” Some Adventists disagree with Ford and define the atonement in terms of God’s work to cleanse our character from sin added to the payment of the penalty for sin Christ completed on the cross. They state the work of Christ in the heavenly sanctuary is a continuation of the work of atonement begun on the cross, rather than the application of the benefits of the already completed atonement. They believe the following verse supports their position... Who shall bring a charge against God’s elect? It is God who justifies. Who is he who condemns? It is Christ who died, and furthermore is also risen, who is even at the right hand of God, who also makes intercession for us. ~ Romans 8:33-34

Expulsion from teaching and ministry

In August 1980, a group of Adventist theologians and administrators convened at Glacier View Ranch in Colorado to examine Ford's views. According to TIME magazine, he "made the case that White's 'sanctuary' explication of 1844 no longer stood up in the light of the Bible, and that 'investigative judgment' undercut the whole basis of Protestantism: belief in salvation by God's grace apart from good works."[35] The culmination of this event was Ford losing his employment with the denomination [35] as a minister and theology professor.[19] After counsel from the General Conference, the Australasian Division withdrew "Ford's ministerial credentials"[36] Ford disagrees with Adventists, both historic and current [37] who state that Jesus Christ was born with the fallen nature that has been passed on to all of humanity.[38] Adventists base their beliefs on the following texts

"For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh." Romans 8:3 (NKJV)
"For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathise with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are—yet was without sin." Hebrews 4:15 (NIV)
"...concerning his Son (Jesus), who was descended from David according to the flesh..." Romans 1:3 (ESV)
"Therefore, in all things He had to be made like His brethren, that He might be a merciful and faithful High Priest in things pertaining to God, to make propitiation for the sins of the people." Hebrews 2:17 NKJV

Adventists traditionally believe that Jesus took on human nature with all of the post fall moral weaknesses and frailties that post fall humans experience. Despite this, they say because he managed to resist temptation both from within and without, and lived a perfectly obedient life, Jesus is therefore our supreme Example in whose footsteps, all Christians must follow, and also achieve a perfectly obedient life. The fact that Jesus overcame sin completely, despite having no advantage over other post fall human beings, demonstrates that we too must live a life of complete obedience, as we trust in him. Adventist believe Ellen White supports their position when she states "The Lord Jesus came to our world, not to reveal what a God could do, but what a man could do, through faith in God’s power to help in every emergency. Man is, through faith, to be a partaker in the divine nature, and to overcome every temptation wherewith he is beset." ."[39]

and...

"Notwithstanding that the sins of a guilty world were laid upon Christ, notwithstanding the humiliation of taking upon Himself our fallen nature, the voice from heaven declared Him to be the Son of the Eternal"

Ellen White, The Desire of Ages, p. 112.

Ford does not agree with any of the above statements that claim Jesus has a post fall human nature but proclaims Christ came with Adam's pre-fallen nature.[40][41]

To commemorate the 30 year anniversary of Glacier View, the Sydney Adventist Forum held a pretend courtroom trial to assess the accuracy of Ford's claim that the Consensus Document has been largely in agreement with him. They concluded, "Ford was found to be substantially correct in claiming that the 114-member SRC Consensus Document was in agreement with his twelve propositions—while Ministry was judged to have considerably over-stated its case." It concluded, "In retrospect, it is clear that the SRC made—in five days—more progress in understanding this biblical doctrine than the church has typically made in any fifty years of its history."[42]

Personal life

Ford married Gwen Booth with whom he had three children – Elènne Gwen Ford (born 29 October 1955)[43][44] Paul Wesley Ford (born 20 December 1957),[45] and Luke Ford (born 1966).[46] Gwen died of breast cancer in April 1970.[47] Ford remarried to Gillian Wastell ("Gill"), in November of that year.[48] Elènne works as a barrister. She also owns the "Mango Hill Farm" organic farm attraction Queensland's Sunshine Coast which includes farmstays, a small function centre, cooking school, etc.[49][50] It is located in Peachester, and is the location of Ford's twice-a-month church services. Luke converted to Judaism and is a controversial internet blogger.[51]

Ford made some reconciliation with his father in the 1970s. His parents both passed away in 1987, at 87 years of age.[52]

"His mother complained that he ate too fast, talked too fast, walked too fast, and drove too fast." This was also due to the pressure on him.[53]

Publications

Ford has written over twenty books and numerous articles.[54]

  • Unlocking God's Treasury, 1964
  • Answers on the Way, 1977
  • Daniel, 1978 (does not fully reflect his current views)
  • The Abomination of Desolation in Biblical Eschatology, 1979
  • Physicians of the Soul, God's Prophets Through the Ages, (Nashville, TN: Southern Publishing Association, 1980) ISBN 0-8127-0262-X. Includes Ford's views on Ellen G. White as a prophetess. It also traces Ford's childhood encounters with Adventists and the influence of Ellen G. White's books on helping him find Christ and becoming an Adventist.
  • The Forgotten Day, 1981, about the Sabbath
  • For the Sake of the Gospel: Throw out the bathwater, but keep the Baby, 2008. See reviews.[55]

Also:

  • Inside Story
  • Why Believe? Source Book

References

  1. ^ Luke Ford. "Luke Ford's Autobiography". http://www.lukeford.net/luke_ford/bio/l1.html. Retrieved 2011-02-22. 
  2. ^ Noah Shachtman (2001-08-13). "Porn Stripped of Gossip Maven". Wired. http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2001/08/46001. Retrieved 2011-02-22. 
  3. ^ Peter H. Ballis (1999). Leaving the Adventist Ministry: A Study of the Process of Exiting. Praeger. p. 123. 
  4. ^ Hook, p9–10
  5. ^ Hook, p11–16
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Des Ford, a brief biography on the Good News Unlimited website
  7. ^ Hook, p10
  8. ^ Hook, p17, 20–24. Desmond Ford, Physicians of the Soul (Nashville, Tennessee: Southern Publishing, 1980), p99–100, 105, 108
  9. ^ Hook, p26–30
  10. ^ Hook p27, 32–36.
  11. ^ Hook, p39–43
  12. ^ a b Colin and Russell Standish, The Gathering Storm and the Storm Burst, p53
  13. ^ Hook, p46
  14. ^ a b Interview with Desmond Ford by Adrian Zytkoskee in Spectrum 11:2 (November 1980), 53–61
  15. ^ See Hook, p30–32, 39-40, 47–49. Another source is Archibald Hefren, "Life Sketch of Gwen Ford". Australasian Record (25 May 1970), p14; cited in Hook, p37
  16. ^ Hook, p50–51
  17. ^ Hook, p51–54
  18. ^ a b c d e "Ford, Desmond (1929- )" in Historical Dictionary of Seventh-day Adventists by Gary Land
  19. ^ a b c d e Reflections On Adventism: An Interview With Dr. Desmond Ford by Adventist Today Forum. Accessed 25 October 2007
  20. ^ "The Abomination of Desolation". http://bibleprophecy.net/abom.htm. Retrieved 15 June 2006. 
  21. ^ Schwarz, Richard W. (1979). Light Bearers to the Remnant. Boise, Idaho; Oshawa, Ontario, Canada: Pacific Press and General Conference Department of Education. pp. 456–461. ASIN B0006CZ2QO. 
  22. ^ Evangelicals And Adventists Together See Item # 4 in article
  23. ^ Pain and Progress: The 1960's, chapter of The Shaking of Adventism by Geoffrey J. Paxton
  24. ^ Are We Born Saved or Lost? See quote in article "Willful choice makes one a sinner (1 John 3:4; Isaiah 59:2)."
  25. ^ Original Sin in Questions On Doctrine Manuscript by Froom, Anderson
  26. ^ Original Sin
  27. ^ "Advance and Retreat: The 1970's" chapter in The Shaking of Adventism
  28. ^ "Church Growth Experiments in Secular Australia" by E. Bruce Price in Here We Stand: Evaluating New Trends in the Church edited by Samuel Koranteng-Pipim. Berrien Springs, Michigan: Adventists Affirm, 2005. ISBN 0-9677622-1-9 (publisher's page). Chapter republished in Samuele Bacchiocchi's Endime Issues Newsletter No. 130. The quote is from the official report, as reprinted in Price's chapter
  29. ^ "Christ Our Righteousness" (DjVu). Adventist Review (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald) 153 (22): 4–7. ISSN 0161-1119. http://www.adventistarchives.org/docs/RH/RH19760527-V153-22__B/index.djvu?djvuopts&page=4. Retrieved 23 October 2007. 
  30. ^ Adventisarchives.org"DjVu.
  31. ^ Adventists: Heirs of the Reformation, chapter 1 of The Shaking of Adventism by Geoffrey J. Paxton
  32. ^ Evangelicals And Adventists Together?
  33. ^ L. R. Tarling, The Edges of Seventh-day Adventism (Bermagui South: Galilee, 1981), 215-16; D. Ford, "The Historical Background of the Crisis," in D. & G. Ford, The Adventist Crisis of Spiritual Identity (Newcastle, Cal.: Desmond Ford Publications, 1982), 23.
  34. ^ Ford, Desmond (November 1980). "Daniel 8:14 and the Day of Atonement" (PDF). Spectrum (Roseville, California: Adventist Forums) 11 (2): 30–36. ISSN 0890-0264. http://spectrummagazine.org/files/archive/archive11-15/11-2ford.pdf. Retrieved 24 October 2007. 
  35. ^ a b Ostling, Richard N.; Jim Castelli, Dick Thompson (2 August 1982). "The Church of Liberal Borrowings". Time (Time Inc.). ISSN 0040-781X. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,925600,00.html. Retrieved 22 October 2007. 
  36. ^ Sanctuary Debate Documents
  37. ^ Half Adam? a sermon by Larry Kirkpatrick
  38. ^ Christ's Human Nature by Joe Crews
  39. ^ Ellen G. White, 7BC p. 929 par. 6
  40. ^ Evangelicals And Adventist Together? See Item # 2
  41. ^ The Legacy of Ford
  42. ^ Trevor G Lloyd, "Sydney Adventist Forum assesses Desmond Ford and Ministry magazine against Consensus Document". Adventist Today online, 12 November 2010
  43. ^ Hook, p54–55
  44. ^ Chapter of a recent Ford book. Reprinted from notes from a presentation made by Desmond Ford to the Sydney Adventist Forum meeting at the Castle Hill Adventist Church (website) in 1997
  45. ^ Hook, p63–64
  46. ^ Hook, p104
  47. ^ Hook, p104–111
  48. ^ Hook, p119–121
  49. ^ Mangofillfarm.com, Cath Fouracre, "Love at First Sight Impressions Last". Caboolture News 20 August 2008, p9; reprint
  50. ^ "A Labour of Love Bears Fruit"; reprint
  51. ^ Noah Shachtman (1 February 2001). "'The Most Hated Man in Web Porn'". Wired. http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,40829-1.html?tw=wn_story_page_next1. Retrieved 14 June 2007. 
  52. ^ Hook, p25 footnote 5
  53. ^ Hook, p47
  54. ^ The Great Invitation: Presented by Dr Desmond Ford, a website "set up by the family and friends of Dr Desmond Ford"
  55. ^ Clifford Goldstein criticizes Ford for not interacting with the Daniel and Revelation Committee Series of books – "Instead, he takes pot shots at the books and then continues pushing the same worn out and largely discredited arguments that he’s been deceiving himself and others with for decades now—arguments that have been in many cases refuted by the series that he openly refuses to tackle head on!" "A Review of the References to Des Ford’s New Book", blog on the Adventist Today website, 12 September 2008

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Desmond (name) — Desmond Gender male Other names Related names Des Desmond is a given name and surname of Irish origin, from the Irish place name Deas Mhumhna (South Munster).[1] …   Wikipedia

  • Ford (surname) — Ford is a common surname.A* Aiden Ford, a fictional character from the television show Stargate Atlantis * Alan Ford (actor) (born 1937), English actor * Alan Ford (swimmer), 1940s American swimmer * Alan Ford (comics), an Italian comics… …   Wikipedia

  • Desmond Surfleet — Dr Desmond Ford Surfleet (February 5, 1912 Drumcondra, Dublin, Ireland – May 13, 2006 England) was an Irish cricketer and schoolmaster. He was educated at the University College School and Cambridge University, where he qualified as a doctor. He… …   Wikipedia

  • Desmond Hume — Henry Ian Cusick as Desmond Hume First appearance Man of Science, Man of Faith Centric episode(s) Live Together, Die Alone Flashes Before Your Eyes …   Wikipedia

  • Desmond Harrington — in 2010 Born October 19, 1976 (1976 10 19) (age 35) Savannah, Georgia, U.S …   Wikipedia

  • Desmond Bryant — For the Dallas Cowboys player, see Dez Bryant. Desmond Bryant At a game in Denver in October, 2010 No. 90     Oakland Raiders Defens …   Wikipedia

  • Luke Ford — (born May 28, 1966, in Kurri Kurri, New South Wales, Australia) is a writer, , and pornography gossip columnist known for his salacious disclosures and traditionalist Jewish religious views. PersonalFord moved to California in 1977. His father,… …   Wikipedia

  • James Ford (Lost, les disparus) — James Ford Personnage de fiction apparaissant dans Lost : Les Disparus …   Wikipédia en Français

  • James "Sawyer" Ford — Este artículo o sección necesita una revisión de ortografía y gramática. Puedes colaborar editándolo (lee aquí sugerencias para mejorar tu ortografía). Cuando se haya corregido, borra este aviso por favor …   Wikipedia Español

  • Courtney Ford — Born Courtney Braden Ford June 27, 1978 (1978 06 27) (age 33) Orange County, California, U.S. Occupation Actress Years active 1998–present …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”