- Common Black Hawk
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Common Black Hawk 
Conservation status Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Falconiformes
(or Accipitriformes, q.v.)Family: Accipitridae Genus: Buteogallus Species: B. anthracinus Binomial name Buteogallus anthracinus
(Deppe, 1830)The Common Black Hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus) is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes the eagles, hawks and Old World vultures. It formerly included the Cuban Black Hawk (Buteogallus gundlachii) as a subspecies. On the contrary, the Mangrove Black Hawk, traditionally considered a distinct species, is now generally considered a subspecies, subtilis, of the Common Black Hawk.[1]
The Common Black Hawk is a breeding bird in the warmer parts of the Americas, from the Southwestern United States through Central America to Venezuela, Peru, Trinidad and the Lesser Antilles.
This is a mainly coastal, resident bird of mangrove swamps, estuaries and adjacent dry open woodland, though there are inland populations, including a migratory population in northwestern Mexico and Arizona.
The adult Common Black Hawk is 43–53 cm (16–20 in) long and weighs 930g on average. It has very broad wings, and is mainly black or dark gray. The short tail is black with a single broad white band and a white tip. The bill is black and the legs and cere are yellow. The adults resemble Zone-tailed Hawks, but have less white bars on their tail and are larger in size.
Sexes are similar, but immature birds are dark brown above with spotting and streaks. Their underparts are buff to whitish with dark blotches, and the tail has a number of black and white bars.
The Common Black Hawk feeds mainly on crabs, but will also take small vertebrates and eggs. This species is often seen soaring, with occasional lazy flaps, and has a talon-touching aerial courtship display. The call of the Common Black Hawk is a distinctive piping spink-speenk-speenk-spink-spink-spink.
It builds a platform nest of sticks fifteen to one hundred feet above the ground in a tree, often a mangrove. Nests are often reused and tend to grow bigger. It lays one to three eggs (usually one), which are whitish with brown markings.
Protection status
The Common Black Hawk is protected in the far north of its range (in the USA) under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918.[1]
References
- ^ Clark, W. S. 2007. Taxonomic status and distribution of Mangrove Black Hawk Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 127:110-117.
- BirdLife International (2004). Buteogallus anthracinus. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
- Birds of Venezuela by Hilty, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
- ffrench, Richard (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd edition ed.). Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
- Howell, Steve N. G.; Webb, Sophie (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
External links
- Common Black Hawk videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Stamps (for Grenadines of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) with RangeMap
- "Common Black-Hawk" photo gallery
Categories:- IUCN Red List least concern species
- Buteogallus
- Birds of Central America
- Birds of Mexico
- Native birds of the Southwestern United States
- Birds of the Lesser Antilles
- Birds of the Caribbean
- Birds of Cuba
- Birds of Puerto Rico
- Birds of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Birds of South America
- Birds of Trinidad and Tobago
- Birds of Colombia
- Birds of Ecuador
- Birds of French Guiana
- Birds of Guyana
- Birds of the Guianas
- Birds of Peru
- Birds of Venezuela
- Migratory birds (Western hemisphere)
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