Hieraaetus

Taxobox
name = Hawk-eagles

regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Accipitriformes
familia = Accipitridae
genus = "Hieraaetus"" (see text)
genus_authority = Kaup, 1844
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = See text

The genus "Hieraaetus", sometimes known as hawk-eagles, denoted a group of smallish eagles usually placed in the Buteoninae subfamily of accipitrids.

At present, 3 species of medium-sized birds of prey inhabiting Africa and New Guinea are retainedFact|date=September 2008 in this group. These are:

* African Hawk-eagle, "Hieraaetus" spilogaster"
* New Guinea Hawk-eagle, "Hieraaetus" weiskei"
* Ayres's Hawk-eagle, "Hieraaetus" ayresii"

The Booted Eagle (formerly "Hieraaetus pennatus"), Bonelli's Eagle (formerly "H. fasciatus"), the Little Eagle (formerly "H. morphnoides") and the Rufous-bellied Eagle (formerly "H. kienerii") have been determined by recent genetic research to be closer to the true eagles of the genus "Aquila" rather than to their traditional group.

This creates a taxonomic problem: The Booted Eagle is the type species of "Hieraaetus", making that name a junior synonym of "Aquila". Consequently, should any hawk-eagles be retained as a distinct group, they need to get a different genus name.

Sometimes the entire genus is merged into "Aquila". That the remaining 3 species are probably still not a monophyletic group is apparent by their biogeography, which would quite implausibly require that a number of relatives living between Africa and New Guinea had become extinct prehistorically without leaving any trace or descendants.

Whether the fossil "Hieraaetus" edwardsi" (Middle -? Late Miocene of SW Europe) belongs to the hawk-eagles proper (if there is such a thing) or into "Aquila" has not been determined.

"Hieraaetus kienerii" was found to be distinct and may well need to be assigned to a new genus. [Lerner, H. R. L.; D. P. Mindell (2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37:327–346 [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~hlerner/LM2005.pdf PDF] ] [Jan Ove Gjershaug (2006) Taxonomy and conservation status of hawk-eagles (genus Nisaetus) in South-East Asia. Thesis. Norwegian University of Science and Technology [http://www.diva-portal.org/ntnu/abstract.xsql?dbid=413 Fulltext] ]

Notes

References

#Bunce, M., et al. (2005) Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of New Zealand's Extinct Giant Eagle. PLoS Biol 3(1): e9 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030009 [http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030009 HTML open-source article]
#Collinson, M. "Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists" - British Birds vol 99 (June 2006), 306-323.
#Lerner, H. R. L. and D. P. Mindell (2005) Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 327-346. [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~hlerner/LernerMindell2005Proofs.pdf]
# Helbig AJ, Kocum A, Seibold I & Braun MJ (2005) A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 35(1):147-164 [http://www.vogelwarte.uni-greifswald.de/pdf/Aquiline_Eagles.pdf PDF]