Indian Spotted Eagle

Taxobox
name = Indian Spotted Eagle


image_caption = Adult Note wide mouth and dark eyes
status = VU
status_system = iucn3.1
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Falconiformes
familia = Accipitridae
subfamilia = Buteoninae (disputed)
genus = "Aquila"
species = "A. hastata"
binomial = "Aquila hastata"
binomial_authority = (Lesson, 1831)
range_

range_map_width = 300px
range_map_caption = Range of "A. hastata" in dark green

The Indian Spotted Eagle ("Aquila hastata") is a large South Asian bird of prey. Like all typical eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. The typical eagles are often united with the buteos, sea eagles and other more heavyset Accipitridae, but more recently it appears as if they are less distinct from the more slender accipitrine hawks than believed.

Description

The Indian Spotted Eagle is about 60 cm in length and has a wingspan of 150 cm. It is broad-headed, with the widest mouth of all spotted eagles [Parry "et al." (2002)] . This species has a lighter coloration overall compared to its relatives, with a darker iris that makes the eyes appear darker than the plumage (rather than the other way around as in the northern spotted eagles). Adults can be told apart from the Greater Spotted Eagle by its lighter color, darker eyes, and habitat preferences (see below). Juveniles, unlike the Lesser and Greater species, are not strongly spotted at all, making the common name somewhat misleading, and also lack the creamy buff nape patch of the juvenile Lesser Spotted Eagle.

ystematics, taxonomy and evolution

The Indian Spotted Eagle was earlier considered the resident eastern subspecies of the Lesser Spotted Eagle but has proven quite distinct and readily separable by morphological, behavioral, ecological and DNA sequence data. The Indian lineage seems to have diverged around the middle Pliocene, perhaps some 3.6 million years ago, [The estimate in Väli (2006) is certainly incorrect; it uses a molecular clock that is appropriate for small passerines with half the generation times of eagles.] from the common ancestor of the Lesser and Greater Spotted Eagles. The "proto-Spotted Eagle" probably lived in the general region of Afghanistan, being split into a northern and a southern lineage when both glaciers and deserts advanced in Central Asia as the last ice age began. [Parry "et al." (2002), Rasmussen & Anderton (2005), Väli (2006)]

The spotted eagles as a group are quite distinct from the typical members of "Aquila", the "true eagles". They will probably be separated in "Lophaetus", "Ictinaetus" or a genus of their own in the near future.

Distribution and ecology

This eagle is found in lightly wooded habitats in India. This species can often be approached quite closely for a large raptor. Unlike the Greater Spotted Eagle which is a winter visitor to Indian wetlands, this species does not show any special affinity for wetland habitats.

Footnotes

References

*|year=2007|id=54299|title=Aquila hastata|downloaded=24 September 2007
* (2002): On the taxonomic status of the Indian Spotted Eagle "Aquila hastata". "Ibis" 144(4): 665-675. doi|10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00109.x (HTML abstract)
* (2005): "Birds of South Asia - The Ripley Guide". Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-67-9
* (2006): Mitochondrial DNA sequences support species status for the Indian Spotted Eagle "Aquila hastata". "Bull. B.O.C." 126(3): 238-242. [http://www.zbi.ee/~yvali/artiklid/Vali2006BBOC.pdf PDF fulltext]

External links

* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=31036&m=1 BirdLife Species Factsheet]