Buteo

Taxobox
name = "Buteo"


image_caption = Light morph Red-tailed Hawk ("Buteo jamaicensis")
image_width = 300px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
subclassis = Neornithes
infraclassis = Neognathae
superordo = Neoaves
ordo = Falconiformes
familia = Accipitridae
genus = "Buteo"
genus_authority = Lacepede, 1799
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = About 30, see text
synonyms ="Asturina"

"Buteo" (Etymology: "Buteo" is the Latin name of the Common Buzzard) is a genus of medium-sized wide-ranging raptors with a robust body and broad wings. In the Old World, members of this genus are called "buzzards", but "hawk" is used in North America. As both terms are ambiguous, buteo is sometimes used instead, e.g., by the Peregrine Fund. [ [http://www.peregrinefund.org/Explore_Raptors/hawks/buteos.html Buteos at the Peregrine Fund] ]

pecies in taxonomic order

* Common Buzzard, "Buteo buteo"
** Cape Verde Buzzard, "Buteo buteo bannermani"
** Madeira Buzzard, "Buteo buteo harterti"
** Socotra Buzzard, "Buteo buteo socotrae"
** Steppe Buzzard, "Buteo buteo vulpinus"
* Red-tailed Hawk, "Buteo jamaicensis"
* Long-legged Buzzard, "Buteo rufinus"
* Rough-legged Buzzard, "Buteo lagopus"
* Ferruginous Hawk, "Buteo regalis"
* Red-shouldered Hawk, "Buteo lineatus"
* Broad-winged Hawk, "Buteo platypterus"
* Swainson's Hawk, "Buteo swainsoni"
* Roadside Hawk, "Buteo magnirostris"
* Ridgway's Hawk, "Buteo ridgwayi"
* White-rumped Hawk, "Buteo leucorrhous"
* Short-tailed Hawk, "Buteo brachyurus"
* White-throated Hawk, "Buteo albigula"
* White-tailed Hawk, "Buteo albicaudatus"
* Galápagos Hawk, "Buteo galapagoensis"
* Red-backed Hawk, "Buteo polyosoma"
* Puna Hawk, "Buteo poecilochrous"
* Grey-lined Hawk, "Buteo nitidus" - formerly in "Asturina"
** Grey Hawk, "Buteo nitidus plagiatus"
* Zone-tailed Hawk, "Buteo albonotatus"
* Hawaiian Hawk, "Buteo solitarius"
* Rufous-tailed Hawk, "Buteo ventralis"
* Mountain Buzzard, "Buteo oreophilus"
* Madagascar Buzzard, "Buteo brachypterus"
* Upland Buzzard, "Buteo hemilasius"
* Red-necked Buzzard, "Buteo auguralis"
* Jackal Buzzard, "Buteo rufofuscus"
** Archer's Buzzard, "Buteo (rufofuscus) archeri"
** Augur Buzzard, "Buteo (rufofuscus) augur"

Fossil record [Brodkorb (1962), Mlíkovský (2002)]

A number of fossil species have been discovered, mainly in North America. Some are placed here primarily based on considerations of biogeography, "Buteo" being somewhat hard to distinguish from "Geranoaetus" based on osteology alone:Wetmore (1933)]

*"Buteo fluviaticus" (Brule Middle Oligocene of Wealt County, USA) - possibly same as "B. grangeri"
*"Buteo grangeri" (Brule Middle Oligocene of Washabaugh County, USA)
*"Buteo antecursor" (Brule Late Oligocene)
*?"Buteo" sp. (Brule Late Oligocene of Washington County, USA) [A complete left ulna similar to "Buteo" but of distinctly small size: Cracraft (1969)]
*"Buteo ales" (Agate Fossil Beds Early Miocene of Sioux County, USA) - formerly in "Geranospiza" or "Geranoaetus"
*"Buteo typhoius" (Olcott Early ?- Snake Creek Late Miocene of Sioux County, USA)
*"Buteo pusillus" (Middle Miocene of Grive-Saint-Alban, France)
*"Buteo" sp. (Middle Miocene of Grive-Saint-Alban, France - Early Pleistocene of Bacton, England) [Probably several species; similar to Common Buzzard in appearance and size: Ballmann (1969), Mlíkovský (2002)]
*"Buteo contortus" (Snake Creek Late Miocene of Sioux County, USA) - formerly in "Geranoaetus"
*"Buteo spassovi" (Late Miocene of Chadžidimovo, Bulgaria)
*"Buteo musculosus" (Miocene of Argentina) - formerly in "Thegornis"
*"Buteo conterminus" (Snake Creek Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Sioux County, USA) - formerly in "Geranoaetus"
*"Buteo" sp. (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, USA)
*"Buteo sanya" (Late Pleistocene of Luobidang Cave, China)

An unidentifiable accipitrid that occurred on Ibiza in the Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene may also have been a "Buteo" [Alcover (1989)] . If this is so, the bird can be expected to aid in untangling the complicated evolutionary history of the Common Buzzard group.

The prehistoric species "Aquila" danana", "Buteogallus fragilis" (Fragile Eagle), and "Spizaetus grinnelli" were at one time also placed in "Buteo".

Footnotes

References

* (1989): Les Aus fòssils de la Cova de Ca Na Reia. "Endins" 14-15: 95-100. [In Catalan with English abstract]
* (1969): Les Oiseaux miocènes de la Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère) [The Miocene birds of Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère)] . "Geobios" 2: 157-204. [French with English abstract] doi|10.1016/S0016-6995(69)80005-7 (HTML abstract)
* (1964): Catalogue of Fossil Birds: Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes). "Bulletin of the Florida State Museum" 8(3): 195-335. [http://fulltext10.fcla.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?cc=feol;subview=fullcitation;idno=UF00001511 PDF or JPEG fulltext]
* (1969): Notes on fossil hawks (Accipitridae). "Auk" 86(2): 353-354. [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v086n02/p0353-p0354.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (2002): "Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe". Ninox Press, Prague. ISBN 80-901105-3-8 [http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (1933): Status of the Genus "Geranoaëtus". "Auk" 50(2): 212. [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v050n02/DJVU/P0212-P0212.djvu DjVu fulltext] [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v050n02/p0212-p0212.pdf PDF fulltext]