Sioux City Municipal Auditorium

Municipal Auditorium
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Auditorium, seen from the southeast; the 2003 arena is in the left background
Location:	401 Gordon Drive Sioux City, Iowa USA
Coordinates:	42°29′34″N 96°24′24″W / 42.49278°N 96.40667°W / 42.49278; -96.40667Coordinates: 42°29′34″N 96°24′24″W / 42.49278°N 96.40667°W / 42.49278; -96.40667
Architect:	Knute E. Westerlind
Architectural style:	Moderne
Governing body:	Local
NRHP Reference#:	06000316[1]
Added to NRHP:	July 27, 2006

The Sioux City Municipal Auditorium, more recently known as the Long Lines Family Recreation Center, is a 3,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Sioux City, Iowa, USA. The fifth in a line of major indoor venues built in Sioux City, it was designed by Knute E. Westerlind in 1938 and finally completed after many delays in 1950. Originally independent, the auditorium is now a part of the Tyson Events Center along with Gateway Arena, built in 2003.

History

For countless generations, the Native American residents at the confluence of the Big Sioux River with the Missouri River held their ceremonies, performances, and sporting events primarily outdoors, without need of specialized structures. The fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1830 forced them to leave Iowa, and forty years later the new White residents built the first in a series of five major indoor venues for Sioux City: the Academy of Music of 1870, the Peavey Grand Opera House of 1888, the Old Municipal Auditorium of 1909, this one completed in 1950, and Gateway Arena of 2003.^[2][3]

The Academy of Music was located between Pierce and Douglas Streets on the southern side of Fourth Street. Designed by local architect H.O. Ball and erected by the firm of Sharp and Beck, it employed cast iron columns, a brick exterior, and terra cotta. The first floor included the city post office and commercial space, with an 800-seat performance space on the second floor. As the city's only large hall, it held high school graduations, theatrical performances, concerts, and speeches, including at least two by Susan B. Anthony speaking on behalf of women's suffrage.^[4] The building ended its life as part of the growing Davidson Brothers Department Store, and was demolished in 1910 to make way for a better structure for the store.^[5]

The Peavey Grand Opera House was built in 1888, and "this elegant facility replaced the Academy of Music as the city's cultural center".^[6] The limitations of the Academy of Music were clear by 1881, but it wasn't until it was combined with the desire for a new chamber of commerce building that it became a viable project. Architects James W. Martin and Oscar Cobb joined forces to design the resulting Romanesque revival building with a mansard roof, located on the northwest corner of Fourth and Jones Streets. A bank and a drug store occupied either side of the theater lobby on the first floor, while the chamber of commerce, local weather bureau, real estate and other offices filled the upper floors. The opera hall itself was in back, and seated over 1300 in lavish style. During its heyday, Sarah Bernhardt, "the most famous actress the world has ever known", and Edwin Booth, the greatest Hamlet of the 19th Century, each played the Peavey.^[7] After 1909 the hall was no longer in demand, and the deteriorating hall was eventually relegated to Hans Esperson's auto repair garage, while the elegant front offices housed the seedy Grand Hotel and Harry Zanfes' Cafe. The whole thing went up in flames on November 3, 1931.^[8]

The Old Municipal Auditorium of 1909 was built on the southwest corner of Seventh and Douglas Streets, directly across Douglas from the site where construction would begin seven years later on the outstanding Woodbury County Courthouse. Designed by architect George W. Burkhead, this was the first of the buildings dedicated exclusively to the performance hall. Its most distinctive features are the pediment high over the main entrance, above the brick cornice, and prominent keystones over the entrances.^[9][10] It was undistinguished architecturally; soon after its construction, The Western Architect characterized it as "an ugly, barn-like structure dignified by the name of 'Auditorium'."^[11] Since 1955 the building has served as the television studio for KCAU-TV (original call letters KVTV).^[10]

The Old Municipal Auditorium of 1909 was no longer meeting the needs of Sioux City by the 1930s, but the Sioux City Auditorium was a long time in coming. Originally designed by architect Knute E. Westerlind in 1938, it took nearly 12 years to complete. In the election of 1938, city voters approved a $590,000 bond referendum, but the city postponed action in an ultimately fruitless bid to secure federal assistance. Finally issuing the bonds in April 1941, the basement was dug and pilings driven before World War II shortages caused the project to grind to a halt in 1943. Work resumed in 1947, but only after the electorate approved an additional $975,000 bond referendum. Post-war inflation, cost over-runs, poor planning, and other problems resulted in the need for a third bond referendum, this time for over $1.4 million on April 26, 1949. Ultimately costing more than $2.7 million, the new facility was dedicated on September 9, 1950.^[12][13]

For over 50 years, the auditorium routinely hosted graduations, concerts, and sporting events, including the Sioux City Symphony Orchestra and (since 1972) the Sioux City Musketeers ice hockey team. Until 1982 it served as the home arena for the Briar Cliff College Chargers. Among those appearing on its stage were Elvis Presley, Robert Plant, Richard M. Nixon, John F. Kennedy and Van Cliburn.^[14][15]

In 2001, the Sioux City Symphony moved to the newly restored Orpheum Theater, and in 2003 the venue was replaced for large concerts and sporting events by Gateway Arena.^[15] However, the auditorium remains annexed to Gateway Arena, and together the pair are known as the Tyson Events Center. A historical preservation group wanted to maintain the history of the arena and decided to use it for recreation, naming it the Long Lines Family Recreation Center. Among other attractions, the center offers volleyball and basketball courts, a batting cage, and a climbing wall; and hosts weddings, receptions, and other events.^[14]

Architecture

Knute E. Westerlind's design is fundamentally PWA Moderne, a style in vogue in the 1930s when it was originally designed. In keeping with Moderne style, Westerlind employed smooth brick walls, rounded corners, glass block windows, patterns of horizontal lines, and openings that appear "cut into the building". However, Westerlind, a protege of prominent Prairie School architect William L. Steele, brought a Beaux-Arts approach to determining its massing, symmetry, proportions, and details.^[12][16] In this divergence of style with approach, he was in keeping with his mentor, since Steele often brought a Beaux-Arts sensibility to his fundamentally Prairie School compositions.^[17]

The building is rich in details, including relief sculptures of stylized Native Americans on the northern exterior, and a number of terra cotta panels on the southern exterior, each depicting a person involved in a sporting event. There are inscriptions above the entrances: the one on the east reads "There is No Greater Conquest Than That of Self", while the one on the west reads "Art at Its Highest and Nature at Its Truest are One".^[12]

See also

• Tyson Event Center/ Gateway Arena
• Sioux City Musketeers
• Sioux City Symphony Orchestra
• Orpheum Theatre (Sioux City, Iowa)

References

1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
2. ^ Sorensen, Scott; Chicoine, B. Paul (1982). Sioux City: A Pictorial History. Norfolk, Virginia: The Donning Company/Publishers. pp. 10–11. ISBN 9780898652765. 
3. ^ Schwieder, Dorothy (1996). Iowa: The Middle Land. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press. pp. 7–20. ISBN 9780813823065. 
4. ^ Sorensen, Scott; Chicoine, B. Paul (1982). Sioux City: A Pictorial History. Norfolk, Virginia: The Donning Company/Publishers. p. 49. ISBN 9780898652765. 
5. ^ Sorensen, Scott; Chicoine, B. Paul (1982). Sioux City: A Pictorial History. Norfolk, Virginia: The Donning Company/Publishers. p. 124. ISBN 9780898652765. 
6. ^ Sorensen, Scott; Chicoine, B. Paul (1982). Sioux City: A Pictorial History. Norfolk, Virginia: The Donning Company/Publishers. p. 68. ISBN 9780898652765. 
7. ^ Sorensen, Scott; Chicoine, B. Paul (1982). Sioux City: A Pictorial History. Norfolk, Virginia: The Donning Company/Publishers. pp. 90–91. ISBN 9780898652765. 
8. ^ Sorensen, Scott; Chicoine, B. Paul (1982). Sioux City: A Pictorial History. Norfolk, Virginia: The Donning Company/Publishers. pp. 170. ISBN 9780898652765. 
9. ^ "Northern Downtown Walking Tour". Sioux City, Iowa. p. 3. http://www.downtownsiouxcity.com/PDFfiles/Northerntour.pdf. Retrieved July 30, 2010. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Sorensen, Scott; Chicoine, B. Paul (1982). Sioux City: A Pictorial History. Norfolk, Virginia: The Donning Company/Publishers. pp. 144. ISBN 9780898652765. 
11. ^ Brooks, H. Allen, ed (1975) [1921]. "Woodbury County Court House". Prairie School Architecture: Studies from "The Western Architect". New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. p. 130. ISBN 9780442213091. 
12. ^ ^{a b c} "Western Downtown Walking Tour". Sioux City, Iowa. p. 2. http://www.downtownsiouxcity.com/PDFfiles/Westerntour.pdf. Retrieved July 30, 2010. 
13. ^ Sorensen, Scott; Chicoine, B. Paul (1982). Sioux City: A Pictorial History. Norfolk, Virginia: The Donning Company/Publishers. pp. 194–195. ISBN 9780898652765. 
14. ^ ^{a b} Roy, James V. "Municipal Auditorium Sioux City, Iowa". Scotty Moore. http://www.scottymoore.net/siouxcity.html. Retrieved July 28, 2010. 
15. ^ ^{a b} "A Brief History". Sioux City Symphony Moore. http://www.siouxcitysymphony.org/about.htm. Retrieved July 28, 2010. 
16. ^ Gebhard, David; Mansheim, Gerald (1993). Buildings of Iowa. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 498. ISBN 9780195061482. 
17. ^ Gebhard, David; Mansheim, Gerald (1993). Buildings of Iowa. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 502–503. ISBN 9780195061482. 

External links

• Long Lines Recreation Center on City of Sioux City website
• Municipal Auditorium Sioux City, Iowa by James V. Roy on Scotty Moore