Lower Brandon Plantation

Brandon
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Brandon
Location:	Burrowsville, Prince George County, Virginia
Coordinates:	37°15′27.1″N 76°59′36.2″W / 37.257528°N 76.993389°W / 37.257528; -76.993389Coordinates: 37°15′27.1″N 76°59′36.2″W / 37.257528°N 76.993389°W / 37.257528; -76.993389
Built:	c. 1765
Architectural style:	English Palladian
Governing body:	Private
NRHP Reference#:	69000271
Significant dates
Added to NRHP:	November 11, 1969[1]
Designated NHL:	April 15, 1970[2]

Lower Brandon Plantation (or simply Brandon or Brandon Plantation and initially known as Martin's Brandon) is located on the south shore of the James River in present-day Prince George County, Virginia.

The plantation is an active farm and was tended perhaps from 1607 on, and more clearly from 1614 on, so it is one of the longest-running agricultural enterprises in the United States. It has an unusual brick mansion in style of Palladio's "Roman Country House" completed in the 1760s, and was perhaps designed by Thomas Jefferson.^[3]

It was established in 1616 by Captain John Martin, one of the original leaders of the Virginia Colony at Jamestown in 1607. The plantation was owned by the Harrison family from 1700-1926. Restored by the Daniels family in the early 20th century, it is both a National Historical Landmark open to tours and one of America's oldest continuous farming operations.

History

Brandon Plantation was part of a 1616 land grant of approximately 4,550 acres (18 km²) on the south bank of the James River to Captain John Martin (1560-1632). Captain Martin was one of the original colonists and a member of the first Council in the spring of 1607, when Jamestown was first established.

Martin's new plantation built on the 1616 land grant was initially named "Martin's Brandon", apparently incorporating the family name of his wife, Mary (née Brandon) Martin, daughter of Robert Brandon, a prominent English goldsmith and supplier to Queen Elizabeth I of England. They had been married in 1586.

In 1619, Martin's Brandon was one of the plantations represented when what became the House of Burgesses, the first representative legislative body in the English colonies, met at Jamestown. The representatives of Martin's Brandon were Thomas Davis and Robert Stacy.

During the Indian Massacre of 1622 which occurred on Good Friday, March 22, 1622, there were 7 deaths recorded at Martin's Brandon, including one woman and two boys. 347 deaths were recorded during the coordinated attacks along both shores of the James River, from the mouth of the river at Newport News Point on Hampton Roads, west to Falling Creek. [1]

Captain John Martin died at Martin's Brandon Plantation in 1632. His grandson, Captain Robert Bargrave, inherited the plantation on Martin's death. In 1637, merchants John Sadler and Richard Quiney and mariner William Barker, bought Martin's Brandon. They and their heirs farmed it successfully until 1720 when it was sold to Nathaniel Harrison (1677-1727). (Richard Quiney's brother Thomas was married to William Shakespeare's daughter Judith).

After Nathaniel's premature death in 1727 it went into the hands of his son Nathaniel Harrison II, 1703-1791. Sometime before his death in 1791, Brandon came under the possession of American Revolutionary War Colonel Benjamin Harrison, 1743-1807. At his death, the property was divided between his sons, and Upper Brandon Plantation was created.

Brandon Plantation (aka Lower Brandon) remained in the Harrison family until 1926, when it was acquired by Mr. and Mrs. Robert Daniel. The Daniels undertook the restoration of the house and grounds. In 1974, U.S. Congressman Robert W. Daniel, Jr. (1936-__) was the listed owner.^[3]

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969,^[1] and was further declared a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1985.^[2][3][4]

Measures to improve drainage around the home began on December 3, 2007, by Shannon Hill of Draper Aden Associates. Brandon is a National Historical Landmark. The manor house, furnished by the Daniels with 1760s era English and American furnishings, is open to tours. Their descendants continue to farm it in modern times. The agricultural activities represent one of America's oldest continuous farming operations.

See also

• Martin's Brandon Church
• Upper Brandon Plantation

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2006-03-15. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Brandon". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=854&ResourceType=Building. Retrieved 2008-04-25. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} James Dillon (October 17, 1974). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Brandon, Brandon Plantation "Lower Brandon"PDF (32 KB). National Park Service  and Accompanying four photos, interior and exterior, from 1969 and 1974PDF (32 KB)
4. ^ Staff, Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, James W. Moody, Jr., Director (July 24, 1969). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: BrandonPDF (32 KB). National Park Service  (at Virginia DHR, includes map of the plantation)

External links

• Brandon Plantation

Brandon, State Route 611, Prince George vicinity, Prince George County, VA

• Brandon, Prince George County, two photos at Virginia DHR
• Brandon, State Route 611, Prince George vicinity, Prince George County, VA: 1 photo, 3 data pages and supplemental material, at Historic American Building Survey